Comment: predictability of survival in the individual patient with lung cancer

In recent times, the topic of smoking has been extensively debated in Hungary. A new Act has been issued for the protection of non-smokers and for the regulation of tobacco product distribution. Aims: The aim of the authors was to examine the economic burden of smoking on the society. Methods: According to wildly accepted estimates, 30% of the Hungarian population smokes. Smoking leads to the development of several diseases, for example, it is responsible for 90% of lung cancer cases. Results: 17.2% of the curative–preventive costs and 15% of the pharmaceutic costs are estimated to be spent on the health damages caused by smoking. In 2009, the Health Insurance Fund had to spend approximately 174.6 billion HUF for health damages including sick leave costs caused by smoking. Working days lost (patients on sick list) as a consequence of smoking decreased the GDP of Hungary by around 95 billion HUF in the same year. Literature suggests that smoking leads to a loss of approximately seven life years. Shortened life span might cause 594.9 billion HUF loss to the Hungarian economy not to mention the economical and emotional loss of the individual families. Conclusions: The authors estimated a total of 864.4 billion HUF loss to the Hungarian economy due to smoking. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 344–350.

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Automatic segmentation of lung tumors on CT images based on a 2D & 3D hybrid convolutional neural network

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20210038 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 20210038

Author(s):

Wutian Gan ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Hengle Gu ◽

Yanhua Duan ◽

Yan Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Lung Tumor ◽

Ct Images ◽

Hybrid Network ◽

Evaluation Metrics ◽

Tumor Segmentation ◽

Tumor Delineation ◽

3D Cnn ◽

The Individual

Objective: A stable and accurate automatic tumor delineation method has been developed to facilitate the intelligent design of lung cancer radiotherapy process. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an automatic tumor segmentation network for lung cancer on CT images based on deep learning. Methods: In this paper, a hybrid convolution neural network (CNN) combining 2D CNN and 3D CNN was implemented for the automatic lung tumor delineation using CT images. 3D CNN used V-Net model for the extraction of tumor context information from CT sequence images. 2D CNN used an encoder–decoder structure based on dense connection scheme, which could expand information flow and promote feature propagation. Next, 2D features and 3D features were fused through a hybrid module. Meanwhile, the hybrid CNN was compared with the individual 3D CNN and 2D CNN, and three evaluation metrics, Dice, Jaccard and Hausdorff distance (HD), were used for quantitative evaluation. The relationship between the segmentation performance of hybrid network and the GTV volume size was also explored. Results: The newly introduced hybrid CNN was trained and tested on a dataset of 260 cases, and could achieve a median value of 0.73, with mean and stand deviation of 0.72 ± 0.10 for the Dice metric, 0.58 ± 0.13 and 21.73 ± 13.30 mm for the Jaccard and HD metrics, respectively. The hybrid network significantly outperformed the individual 3D CNN and 2D CNN in the three examined evaluation metrics (p < 0.001). A larger GTV present a higher value for the Dice metric, but its delineation at the tumor boundary is unstable. Conclusions: The implemented hybrid CNN was able to achieve good lung tumor segmentation performance on CT images. Advances in knowledge: The hybrid CNN has valuable prospect with the ability to segment lung tumor.

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News media stories about cancer on Facebook: How does story framing influence response framing, tone and attributions of responsibility?

Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1363459320912817 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 136345932091281

Author(s):

Tegan S Starr ◽

Melissa Oxlad

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

News Media ◽

Health News ◽

Attributions Of Responsibility ◽

News Stories ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Societal Level ◽

The Individual ◽

Attributions Of Blame ◽

Insight Into

This content analysis explored associations between the framing of cancer-related health news stories on Facebook and their corresponding comments. It was found that regardless of story framing the majority of responses involved users engaging in debate and discussion rather than sharing personal experiences. Furthermore, stories framed episodically had a greater proportion of both supportive and unsupportive comments than stories framed thematically. As predicted, episodic stories were associated with more attributions of responsibility directed towards the individual whereas thematic stories lead to more societal-level attributions of blame. Contrary to predictions, responses did not contribute towards the stigmatisation of lung cancer, instead more responses were aimed at reducing stigma for this illness. Within the findings strong beliefs about cancer treatment and management were also identified, which raises concern over the spread of misinformation. Overall, this research provided insight into the framing of cancer news and highlighted potential implications of Facebook comments.

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Non-intubated thoracoscopic lobectomies for lung cancer: an exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivaa141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 499-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Prisciandaro ◽

Luca Bertolaccini ◽

Giulia Sedda ◽

Lorenzo Spaggiari

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Thoracoscopic Lobectomy ◽

Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽

The Individual

Abstract Our goal was to assess the safety, feasibility and oncological outcomes of non-intubated thoracoscopic lobectomies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A comprehensive search was performed in EMBASE (via Ovid), MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Cochrane CENTRAL from January 2004 to March 2020. Studies comparing non-intubated anaesthesia with intubated anaesthesia for thoracoscopic lobectomy for NSCLC were included. An exploratory systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed by combining the reported outcomes of the individual studies using a random effects model. For dichotomous outcomes, risk ratios were calculated and for continuous outcomes, the mean difference was used. Three retrospective cohort studies were included, with a total of 204 patients. The comparison between non-intubated and intubated patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy showed no statistically significant differences in postoperative complication rates [risk ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–1.16; P = 0.30; I2 = 17%], operating times (mean difference −12.40, 95% CI −28.57 to 3.77; P = 0.15; I2 = 48%), length of hospital stay (mean difference −1.13, 95% CI −2.32 to 0.05; P = 0.90; I2 = 0%) and number of dissected lymph nodes (risk ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.78–1.25; P = 0.46; I2 = 0%). Despite the limitation of only 3 papers included, awake and intubated thoracoscopic lobectomies for resectable NSCLC seem to have comparable perioperative and postoperative outcomes. Nevertheless, the oncological implications of the non-intubated approach should be considered. The long-term benefits for patients with lung cancer need to be carefully assessed.

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Integrating Circulating Immunological and Sputum Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer

Biomarkers in Cancer ◽

10.1177/1179299x18759297 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1179299X1875929 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jian Su ◽

Qixin Leng ◽

Yanli Lin ◽

Jie Ma ◽

Fangran Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Validation Cohort ◽

Discovery Cohort ◽

Cancer Early Detection ◽

Diagnose Lung Cancer ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononucleated Cell ◽

The Individual ◽

Higher Sensitivity

We have demonstrated that assessments of microRNA (miRNA) expressions in circulating peripheral blood mononucleated cell (PBMC) and sputum specimens, respectively, may help diagnose lung cancer. To assess the individual and combined analysis of the miRNAs across the different body fluids for lung cancer early detection, we analyse a panel of 3 sputum miRNAs (miRs-21, 31, and 210) and a panel of 2 PBMC miRNAs (miRs-19b-3p and 29b-3p) in a discovery cohort of 68 patients with lung cancer and 66 cancer-free smokers. We find that integrating 2 sputum miRNAs (miRs-31 and 210) and 1 PBMC miRNA (miR-19b-3p) has higher sensitivity (86.8%) and specificity (92.4%) compared with the individual panels. The synergistic value of the integrated panel of 3 biomarkers is confirmed in a validation cohort, independent of stage and histological type of lung cancer, and patients’ age, sex, and ethnicity. Integrating circulating immunological and sputum biomarkers could improve the early detection of lung cancer.

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Study of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and codon 249 mutations in Southern India in relation to age, alcohol drinking and smoking habits

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327109354938 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 451-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. Pandima Devi ◽

B. Sivamaruthi ◽

PV Kiruthiga ◽

S. Karutha Pandian

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

P53 Gene ◽

Suppressor Gene ◽

Allele Polymorphism ◽

P53 Codon 72 ◽

Codon 72 ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

The Status ◽

Study Population ◽

The Individual

Germline polymorphisms of genes involved in different steps of tumorigenesis like p53, the tumor suppressor gene, are reported to determine the individual susceptibility to cancer. Lung cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers and tobacco smoking remains its most important etiologic factors. The most frequently p53 mutated codons of lung cancer are 72 (exon 4) and 249 (exon 7). Since mutations in the p53 gene are present in ∼40% of all human lung cancers and are more common in smokers than in nonsmokers, we aimed to detect the status of p53 at codon 72 for Arg/Arg or Arg/Pro or Pro/Pro allele polymorphism and p53 codon 249 mutation in smokers and nonsmokers of South India. Allele frequencies in the nonsmokers were 0.16 for the Arg/Pro allele and 0.84 for the Pro/Pro allele in our study population. Among the smokers, the frequencies of the Arg/Pro, Arg/Arg, and Pro/Pro alleles were 0.88, 0.04, and 0.08, respectively. No mutation was detected in both smokers and nonsmokers in p53 codon 249. From the worldwide scenario, it can be speculated that the smokers, with Arg/Pro genotype are more prone for lung cancer or to other types of cancer.

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Plasma thermogram profiling: A novel biomarker for lung cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22074 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e22074-e22074 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Xiang ◽

N. C. Garbett ◽

J. Chaires ◽

D. L. Laber ◽

G. H. Kloecker

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Plasma Proteome ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The Individual

e22074 Background: Currently, there are no clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer (LC). We developed a novel approach by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to analyze the plasma proteome of LC patients. Our assay produces a signature snapshot of the plasma proteome based on the thermal properties of the constituent proteins within the mixture. Each individual protein has a unique and characteristic melting temperature and melting enthalpy. These biophysical properties are as intrinsic and unique for each protein as are its sequence, mass, and charge. The denaturation of plasma results in a composite signature thermogram that represents the sum of all of the individual proteins within the proteome, weighted according to their concentration within the plasma or serum. Our goal is to identify unique thermogram profiles as biomarkers for lung cancer evaluation. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from LC patients and healthy volunteers. Sample analysis was performed using an automated capillary DSC. Comparison of plasma thermograms from controls and diseased individuals was done using quantile-quantile plots and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: One hundred samples were obtained from healthy volunteers. DSC thermograms from control plasma were highly reproducible and yielded a characteristic signature with a well-defined shape and temperature maxima. Twenty samples from LC patients were obtained at diagnosis. Plasma from LC individuals yielded a unique thermogram that differs from that of healthy controls. Preliminary results suggested that DSC was sensitive to properties of the plasma proteins other than their charge and mass. We hypothesize that changes in thermogram shapes and positions in LC can arise from changes in the concentrations of plasma proteins, from disease-induced protein-protein interactions, or from the secretion into plasma of disease-related peptides that can bind to the most abundant plasma proteins. Conclusions: Lung cancer may have a characteristic signature thermogram that may serve as a biomarker for LC; further studies are needed to elucidate the biophysical and molecular mechanisms of different thermograms between normal individuals versus those with disease or cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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GOMPERTZ REGRESSION MODEL WITH GAMMA FRAILTY: A STUDY ON THE APPLICATION IN LUNG CANCER

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIOMETRIA ◽

10.28951/rbb.v36i4.312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 860

Author(s):

Vera Lucia Damasceno TOMAZELLA ◽

Eder Ângelo MILANI ◽

Teresa Cristina Martins DIAS

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Survival Function ◽

Random Effect ◽

Gompertz Model ◽

Survival Models ◽

Cancer Data ◽

Gamma Frailty ◽

Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽

The Laplace Transform ◽

The Individual

Survival models with frailty are used when some variables are non-available to explain the occurrence time of an event of interest. This non-availability may be considered as a random effect related to unobserved covariates, or that cannot be measured, such as environmental or genetic factors. This paper focuses on the Gamma-Gompertz (denoted by G-G) model that is one of a class of models that investigate the effects of unobservable heterogeneity. We assume that the baseline mortality rate in the G-G model is the Gompertz model, in which mortality increases exponentially with age and the frailty is a fixed property of the individual, and the distribution of frailty is a gamma distribution. The proposed methodology uses the Laplace transform to find the unconditional survival function in the individual frailty. Estimation is based on maximum likelihood methods and this distribution is compared with its particular case. A simulation study examines the bias, the mean squared errors and the coverage probabilities considering various samples sizes and censored data. A real example with lung cancer data illustrates the applicability of the methodology, where we compared the G-G and without frailty models via criteria which select thebest fitted model to the data.

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Biomarker tissue journey among patients (pts) with untreated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) in the U.S. Oncology Network community practices.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 9004-9004

Author(s):

Nicholas J. Robert ◽

Esmond D. Nwokeji ◽

Janet L. Espirito ◽

Liwei Chen ◽

Mandar Karhade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Real World ◽

Performance Status ◽

The United States ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Ecog Performance Status ◽

Biomarker Testing ◽

L1 Use ◽

The Individual ◽

Cancer Network

9004 Background: Given the importance of molecular testing and targeted therapy for mNSCLC, the MYLUNG (Molecularly Informed Lung Cancer Treatment in a Community Cancer Network) consortium pragmatic study assessed real-world biomarker testing rates and turnaround times (TAT) within The US Oncology Network of over 1,000 providers across the United States. Methods: This was a retrospective observational chart review study of pts with mNSCLC initiating first-line (1L) systemic therapy between 04/01/2018 and 03/31/2020. iKnowMed electronic health records were used to examine timing of biomarker testing: before 1L therapy (cohort 1), after 1L therapy (cohort 2) or no testing (cohort 3). We assessed testing rates for ALK, BRAF, EGFR, ROS1, and PD-L1; use of full next-generation sequencing panel (NGS); time from mNSCLC diagnosis (dx) to 1L therapy; TAT from biomarker orders to results; and time from mNSCLC dx to test results. Results: We identified 3474 adults. Median age was 69 years (range 23-90), 51% female, 74% with adenocarcinoma and 76% with a documented ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. Testing rates are shown in table: 90% of pts had at least one biomarker test and 46% received all 5 biomarker tests. Changes in testing rates from 2018 to 2020 were 51% to 59% for BRAF, 71% to 71% for EGFR, 71% to 70% for ALK, 69% to 67% for ROS1, 82% to 84% for PD-L1, and 42% to 49% for pts tested for all 5 biomarkers. NGS testing increased from 33% to 44% (p<0.0001). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time from mNSCLC dx to 1L therapy for all pts was 35 (22, 55) days. Median (IQR) TAT from biomarker testing orders to results ranged from 10 (6, 17) to 15 (10, 22) days for the individual biomarkers; and time from mNSCLC dx to biomarker results ranged from 14 (7, 26) to 21 (12, 36) days by biomarker. Conclusions: This real-world study showed that most pts received at least one biomarker test prior to 1L, but <50% received all 5 tests. NGS testing occurred in <50% of pts but increased over the periods examined. Median time from dx to 1L therapy was about 5 weeks and TAT from orders to results about 2 weeks. Analyses by histology and other trends will be reported. These data will be compared to the next phase of the MYLUNG study, which will evaluate contemporary ordering practices and TATs prospectively[Table: see text]

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THE QUANTITY OF CELLS NECESSARY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AT RESIDENTS OF KUZBASS PATIENTS WITH CANCER OF LUNG

Science Evolution ◽

10.21603/2500-1418-2016-1-1-113-119 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Anastasiya Ryzhkova ◽

Varvara Minina ◽

Tatyana Golovina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Individual Level ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Accuracy Test ◽

Metaphase Stage ◽

The Individual ◽

Selection Of Patients ◽

Selection Of ◽

Mutational Process

The pilot research executed in 2014 in selection of patients with lung cancer (LC) and healthy residents of Kemerovo region (338 Caucasians: 159 having LC and 179 healthy) has shown statistically significant distinction between groups of level and range of chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocytes. Patients of cancer detection centre (before treatment) had increased chromosome aberration values, both of chromatid and chromosomal types. 250 metaphases were analyzed for each individual. For accuracy test of the received quantitative characteristics of mutational process and definition required and enough number of cells necessary for the analysis, at essential increase in further selection volume, 50 LC patients (selected randomly), comparison of cytogenetic data has been carried out in the analysis of 200 cells, then 400, 600, 800, 1000 and over 1000 metaphases. Totally, in this subgroup 50 000 cells which were at a mitosis metaphase stage have been studied. Statistical data processing was carried out with the use of a software package for Windows Statistica 8.0. Using Mann-Whitney U-criterion it is confirmed that frequency of aberrant metaphases doesn't change significantly for statistics in case of increase in analyzed cells quantity; the analysis of 200 cells gives no less reliable information about the individual CA level, than the analysis of 1000 and more cells. In this regard it is possible to make the conclusion that 200 cells is necessary and enough number of analysed metaphases at the assessment of individual level and chromosomal aberrations' range for Kemerovo region residents who have lung cancer.

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