scholarly journals Enceladus and Titan: emerging worlds of the Solar System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Sulaiman ◽  
Nicholas Achilleos ◽  
Cesar Bertucci ◽  
Andrew Coates ◽  
Michele Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Planning Cycle

AbstractSome of the major discoveries of the recent Cassini-Huygens mission have put Titan and Enceladus firmly on the Solar System map. The mission has revolutionised our view of Solar System satellites, arguably matching their scientific importance with that of their host planet. While Cassini-Huygens has made big surprises in revealing Titan’s organically rich environment and Enceladus’ cryovolcanism, the mission’s success naturally leads us to further probe these findings. We advocate the acknowledgement of Titan and Enceladus science as highly relevant to ESA’s long-term roadmap, as logical follow-on to Cassini-Huygens. In this White Paper, we will outline important science questions regarding these satellites and identify the science themes we recommend ESA cover during the Voyage 2050 planning cycle. Addressing these science themes would make major advancements to the present knowledge we have about the Solar System, its formation, evolution, and likelihood that other habitable environments exist outside the Earth’s biosphere.

Late Accretion and the Origin of Water on Terrestrial Planets in the Solar System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Gillmann ◽  
Gregor Golabek ◽  
Sean Raymond ◽  
Paul Tackley ◽  
Maria Schonbachler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Evolutionary Pathway ◽  
Giant Impact ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Venus Atmosphere

<p>Terrestrial planets in the Solar system generally lack surface liquid water. Earth is at odd with this observation and with the idea of the giant Moon-forming impact that should have vaporized any pre-existing water, leaving behind a dry Earth. Given the evidence available, this means that either water was brought back later or the giant impact could not vaporize all the water.</p><p>We have looked at Venus for answers. Indeed, it is an example of an active planet that may have followed a radically different evolutionary pathway despite the similar mechanisms at work and probably comparable initial conditions. However, due to the lack of present-day plate tectonics, volatile recycling, and any surface liquid oceans, the evolution of Venus has likely been more straightforward than that of the Earth, making it easier to understand and model over its long term evolution.</p><p>Here, we investigate the long-term evolution of Venus using self-consistent numerical models of global thermochemical mantle convection coupled with both an atmospheric evolution model and a late accretion N-body delivery model. We test implications of wet and dry late accretion compositions, using present-day Venus atmosphere measurements. Atmospheric losses are only able to remove a limited amount of water over the history of the planet. We show that late accretion of wet material exceeds this sink. CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> contributions serve as additional constraints.</p><p>Water-rich asteroids colliding with Venus and releasing their water as vapor cannot explain the composition of Venus atmosphere as we measure it today. It means that the asteroidal material that came to Venus, and thus to Earth, after the giant impact must have been dry (enstatite chondrites), therefore preventing the replenishment of the Earth in water. Because water can obviously be found on our planet today, it means that the water we are now enjoying on Earth has been there since its formation, likely buried deep in the Earth so it could survive the giant impact. This in turn suggests that suggests that planets likely formed with their near-full budget in water, and slowly lost it with time.</p>

scholarly journals Visions of Human Futures in Space and SETI

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason T. Wright ◽  
Michael P. Oman-Reagan
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Science ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Far Future ◽  
Made In

We discuss how visions for the futures of humanity in space and SETI are intertwined, and are shaped by prior work in the fields and by science fiction. This appears in the language used in the fields, and in the sometimes implicit assumptions made in discussions of them. We give examples from articulations of the so-called Fermi Paradox, discussions of the settlement of the Solar System (in the near future) and the Galaxy (in the far future), and METI. We argue that science fiction, especially the campy variety, is a significant contributor to the ‘giggle factor’ that hinders serious discussion and funding for SETI and Solar System settlement projects. We argue that humanity's long-term future in space will be shaped by our short-term visions for who goes there and how. Because of the way they entered the fields, we recommend avoiding the term ‘colony’ and its cognates when discussing the settlement of space, as well as other terms with similar pedigrees. We offer examples of science fiction and other writing that broaden and challenge our visions of human futures in space and SETI. In an appendix, we use an analogy with the well-funded and relatively uncontroversial searches for the dark matter particle to argue that SETI's lack of funding in the national science portfolio is primarily a problem of perception, not inherent merit.Also on arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.05318Please cite this version:Wright, Jason T., and Michael P. Oman-Reagan. “Visions of Human Futures in Space and SETI.” International Journal of Astrobiology, 2017, 1–12. doi:10.1017/S1473550417000222.

Precise positions of Triton in 2010–2014 based on Gaia-DR2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyan Zhang ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Dan Yan ◽  
Kai Tang ◽  
Rongchuan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Orbital Evolution ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Gaia Dr2

Abstract With unique orbital and physical characteristics, Triton is a very important target since it may contain information of the origin and evolution of the solar system. Besides space explorations, ground-based observations over long time also play key role on research of Triton. High-precision positions of Triton obtained from ground telescopes are of great significance for studying its orbital evolution and inverting the physical properties of Neptune. As a long-term observational target, Triton has been observed by the 1.56 m telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory since 1996. In this paper, based on our AAPPDI software and with Gaia DR2 as the reference catalogue, 604 positions of Triton during 2010-2014 are calculated, with standard errors of $19mas-88mas$. A comparison between our results and the ephemeris (DE431+nep096) is also given.

ICT and the Tourism Information Marketplace in Australia

2008 ◽  
pp. 2022-2031
Author(s):  
Andrew Taylor
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Media Release ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
Tourism Information ◽  
John Howard

n November 2003, the Australian Government released the Tourism White Paper, a medium- to long-term strategy for the Australian tourism industry. The Paper provides for funding to improve the availability of high-quality information for the development of tourism in regional areas of Australia. More than $21 million, a historically large amount, has been identified for “…extending the provision of quality research and statistics” (Prime Minister John Howard, Media Release, November 20, 2003).

scholarly journals A network approach to developing immuno-oncology combinations in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Higenell ◽  
R. Fajzel ◽  
G. Batist ◽  
P. K. Cheema ◽  
H. L. McArthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
National Network ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Network Collaboration

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized care for many cancer indications, with considerable effort now being focused on increasing the rate, depth, and duration of patient response. One strategy is to combine immune strategies (for example, ctla-4 and PD-1/L1–directed agents) to harness additive or synergistic efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Despite encouraging results with such combinations in multiple tumour types, numerous clinical challenges remain, including a lack of biomarkers that reliably predict outcome, the emergence of therapeutic resistance, and optimal management of immune-related toxicities. Furthermore, the selection of ideal combinations from the myriad of immune, systemic, and locoregional therapies has yet to be determined. A longitudinal network-based approach could offer advantages in addressing those critical questions, including long-term follow-up of patients beyond individual trials.    The molecular cancer registry Personalize My Treatment, managed by the Networks of Centres of Excellence nonprofit organization Exactis Innovation, is uniquely positioned to accelerate Canadian immuno-oncology (io) research efforts throughout its national network of cancer sites. To gain deeper insight into how a pan-Canadian network could advance research in io combinations, Exactis invited preeminent clinical and scientific advisors from across Canada to a roundtable event in November 2017. The present white paper captures the expert advice provided: leverage longitudinal patient data collection; facilitate network collaboration and assay harmonization; synergize with existing initiatives, networks, and biobanks; and develop an io combination trial based on Canadian discoveries.

scholarly journals High-Precision Timing of Millisecond Pulsars and Precision Astrometry

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Kaspi
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Millisecond Pulsar ◽  
Millisecond Pulsars ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
Solar System Objects ◽  
Optical Reference ◽  
Precision Astrometry

We present the technique of long-term, high-precision timing of millisecond pulsars as applied to precision astrometry. We provide a tutorial on pulsars and pulsar timing, as well as up-to-date results of long-term timing observations of two millisecond pulsars, PSRs B1855+09 and B1937+21. We consider the feasibility of tying the extragalactic and optical reference frames to that defined by solar system objects, and we conclude that precision astrometry from millisecond pulsar timing has a bright future.

scholarly journals Developing Astronomy Research and Education in the Philippines

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 568-568
Author(s):  
R. M. D. Sese ◽  
M. B. N. (Thijs) Kouwenhoven
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Education Outreach ◽  
Astronomy And Astrophysics

AbstractIn the past few years, the Philippines has been gradually developing its research and educational capabilities in astronomy and astrophysics. In terms of astronomy development, it is still lagging behind several neighboring Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, while it is advanced with respect to several others. One of the main issues hampering progress is the scarcity of trained professional Filipino astronomers, as well as long-term visions for astronomy development. Here, we will be presenting an overview of astronomy education and research in the country. We will discuss the history and current status of astronomy in the Philippines, including all levels of education, outreach and awareness activities, as well as potential areas for research and collaborations. We also discuss issues that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable astronomy development in the Philippines. Finally, we discuss several ongoing and future programs aimed at promoting astronomy research and education. In essence, the work is a precursor of a possible white paper which we envision to submit to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in the near future, with which we aim to further convince the authorities of the importance of astrophysics. With the support of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), this may eventually lead to the creation of a separate astronomy agency in the Philippines.

Long-term stability and performance of solar system instrumentation

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lior ◽  
R. T. Brish ◽  
L. Tedori ◽  
S. Koffs
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals British Policy in Palestine: Interests versus Reality (1917-1922)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-135
Author(s):  
Liudmila Maksimovna Samarskaia
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Middle East ◽  
White Paper ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Core ◽  
British Policy ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Strategic Goals

The period between the publication of the Balfour Declaration in 1917 and League of Nations mandates official assignment to Great Britain in 1922 was not lengthy, but highly eventful. All this time England was maneuvring between the Jewish and the Arab national movements, which also gradually formed their own demands and objectives. The problem was, pursuing British interests was possible through maneuvring only, as support of just one local force was not quite strategically advantageous. Britains official commitment to the Balfour Declaration remained at the core of its policy, however it could not completely ignore the demands of the Arab polutaion of Palestine. Although there were quite a number of British administrators and imperial politicians, who were sympathetic towards the Zionist cause and thus were ready to meet their requests to a certain extent, adherence to the British Middle East interests remained crucial to them. The idea of a Jewish national home (not a state, though) in Palestine did not come into contradiction with the general policy of Great Britain in the Middle East: it was rather its integral part. At the same time implementing the Zionist project had to be in line with it: any relatively radical (from the British administrators point of view) proposals were rejected or postponed indefinitely. Towards the Arabs of Palestine Great Britain was conducting mainly declarative policy without any serious consideration of their problems and grievances, although trying to appease their demands to a certain extent. Even the Arab riots of 1920 and 1921 did not cause a serious change in the British political course in Palestine, although they did contribute to the emergence of Churchills White Paper in 1922, declaring certain concessions to the Arab national movement, which never accepted the document. At the same time British policy in general was neither pro-Zionist, nor pro-Arab: England was pursuing its long-term strategic goals in the Middle East, skillfully utilizing Zionist and Arab national movements to achieve them.

scholarly journals Why are the mentally handicapped still admitted to hospital?

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 609-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila B. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Pattern Of Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Handicapped People ◽  
Hospital Group ◽  
Park Hospital

The Stoke Park Hospital Group in Bristol has been providing a service to mentally handicapped people and their families since 1909. The nature and extent of the service has changed significantly between then and now, largely due to changes in Government policy, first laid out in the 1971 white paper Better Services for the Mentally Handicapped. The changing nature of the service was highlighted in Carter's paper in 1984, in which he examined all admissions to the Group over ten years. He found an increasing use of the hospitals for short-term care, particularly for those patients with a superimposed psychiatric disorder, and a continuing, albeit reducing, demand for long-term care for some patients. He concluded that the hospital would continue to have an important role to play in the evolving pattern of care.

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