scholarly journals The role of unpaid domestic work in explaining the gender gap in the (monetary) value of leisure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Jokubauskaitė ◽  
Reinhard Hössinger ◽  
Sergio Jara-Díaz ◽  
Stefanie Peer ◽  
Alyssa Schneebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Unpaid Labor ◽  
Travel Time Savings

AbstractThe value of travel time savings (VTTS) representing the willingness to pay to reduce travel time, consists of two components: the value of liberating time [equal to the value of leisure (VoL)] and the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT), representing the travel conditions of a trip. Their relative values indicate which dimension to emphasize when investing in transport: speed or comfort. In this paper, we formulate and estimate a framework aimed at the improvement in the estimation of the VoL. By introducing a novel treatment of time assigned to domestic work, we consider that unpaid labor should be assigned a wage rate as a measure of the expenses avoided when assigning time to those chores. We use state-of-the-art data on time use and expenses as well as online data on gig workers collected in Austria, and apply the time-use and expenditure model of Jara-Diaz et al. (Transp Res Part B 42(10):946–957, 2008). The wage rates for paid and unpaid work were combined to re-formulate the budget constraint, which affected women more than men due to the higher involvement of the former in domestic activities. Compared against the original estimation, the VoL changed from €10/h for men and €6/h for women to €9/h for both genders, which in turn yields a larger average VTAT, which becomes positive for public transport. As a conclusion, the novel treatment of domestic labor contributes to closing the gap in the VoL between genders and highlights the power of unveiling the components behind the VTTS. The empirical findings imply that investments in travel time reductions rather than in comfort should be prioritized, given the very good conditions of public transport in Austria.

scholarly journals Estimating the Value of Time and Its Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasmini Ambarwati ◽  
Amelia K Indraistuti ◽  
Pretiwindya Kusumawardhani
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Choice Approach

Values of travel time are essential factors in the design of transport infrastructure. The value of time is used in transport models to monetize travel time related to the socio-economic background of travelers. This paper assesses the estimation of the value of time based on questionnaires distributed to travelers in a preference survey. The mode choice approach is employed to estimate these values dependent on vehicle classes for weekdays and at the weekend. Two of the main conclusions using the mode choice approach are that the value of time for private vehicle users is approximately 1.5 times the value of time for public transport users; and the value of travel time on the weekday is twice that of the weekend. This indicates that public transport passengers have more travel time savings than when they use other modes. Another method, the income approach, arrives at similar values of time as that estimated by the mode choice approach. The willingness to use public transport in weekdays is increasing. As a consequence, public transport should be operated at a higher frequency.

scholarly journals Do Boys’ and Girls’ Daily Activities Differ? Cross-Country Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gracia ◽  
Joan Garcia-Roman ◽  
Tomi Oinas ◽  
Timo Anttila
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
The Uk

This study uses 2009-2015 time-diary data to examine gender differences in daily activities among children and adolescents aged 10-17 in Finland, Spain and the UK (N = 3,517). Gender differences in child time use are strong in all three countries. Boys are more involved in screen-based time and exercising, and girls in domestic work, non-screen educational time, personal care and socializing. The UK shows the largest gender differences in child time use, including domestic work (60% gender gap), exercising (57%), non-screen educational time (35%), screen-based time (31%), personal care (27%) and socializing (21%). Finland resembles the UK in domestic work (58% gap) and non-screen educational time (34%), showing smaller gender gaps in other activities, without significant gender differences with Spain and UK. Spain exhibits the smallest gender differences in child time use, with significant differences with the UK in screen-based time (16% gap), socializing (6%) and personal care (14%). Demographic and socioeconomic factors contribute little to explain these findings. While gender differences in child time use are moderately smaller in ‘egalitarian’ Finland than in ‘liberal’ UK, ‘family-oriented’ Spain presents interestingly the smallest gender gaps. The complex role of social contexts and life-course stages in shaping gendered activities is discussed.

scholarly journals Study on the Selection Model of Staying Adjustment Bus Lines along Rail Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cui ◽  
Yueer Gao ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Selection Of

To fully achieve effective rail transit, prevent the waste of conventional bus capacity along a rail transit line, and relieve the urban traffic congestion problem, it is necessary to screen for the adjustment of conventional bus lines prior to the operation of rail transit to provide a basis for further optimization of bus lines. Based on the analysis of spatial relationships between a rail transit line and conventional collinear bus lines and considering the time advantage characteristics of rail transit in rush hours, a model of the generalized travel time costs and travel time savings proportion in the collinear section of rail transit and bus was proposed. To evaluate the utility of rail transit relative to conventional bus collinear lines, the conventional bus lines to be adjusted were determined. Taking Xiamen as an example, the bus lines of Hubin East Road Station as the endpoint of metro line 1 were employed to calculate the model using GPS data of the buses, and the bus lines to be adjusted in the Hubin East Road were determined. The results show that the model is effective in the elastic selection of conventional bus lines that need to be adjusted and provides decision-making support for urban comprehensive public transport planning.

Using GTFS to Calculate Travel Time Savings Potential of Bus Preferential Treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110092
Author(s):  
Daniel Arias ◽  
Kara Todd ◽  
Jennifer Krieger ◽  
Spencer Maddox ◽  
Pearse Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Bus Network ◽  
Bus Networks ◽  
Transit Agencies

Dedicated bus lanes and other transit priority treatments are a cost-effective way to improve transit speed and reliability. However, creating a bus lane can be a contentious process; it requires justification to the public and frequently entails competition for federal grants. In addition, more complex bus networks are likely to have unknown locations where transit priority infrastructure would provide high value to riders. This analysis presents a methodology for estimating the value of bus preferential treatments for all segments of a given bus network. It calculates the passenger-weighted travel time savings potential for each inter-stop segment based on schedule padding. The input data, ridership data, and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) trip-stop data are universally accessible to transit agencies. This study examines the 2018 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) bus network and identifies a portion of route 39 on Buford Highway as an example candidate for a bus lane corridor. The results are used to evaluate the value of time savings to passengers, operating cost savings to the agency, and other benefits that would result from implementing bus lanes on Buford Highway. This study does not extend to estimating the cost of transit priority infrastructure or recommending locations based on traffic flow characteristics. However, it does provide a reproducible methodology to estimate the value of transit priority treatments, and it identifies locations with high value, all using data that are readily available to transit agencies. Conducting this analysis provides a foundation for beginning the planning process for transit priority infrastructure.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality in Safety and Security Perceptions in Railway Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4007
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Coppola ◽  
Fulvio Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Disaggregate Data

Recent studies have shown that gender is the personal aspect that mostly affects mobility patterns and travel behaviors. It has been observed, for instance, that female perception of unsafety and insecurity when traveling using public transport forces them to make unwanted travel choices, such as avoiding traveling at certain times of day and to specific destinations. In order to improve the attractiveness of public transport services, this gender gap must not be overlooked. This paper aims at contributing to research in gendered mobility by investigating differences in safety and security perceptions in railway stations, and by identifying which policies could be effective in bridging any existing gap. The methodology includes the collection of disaggregate data through a mixed Revealed Preference/Stated Preference survey, and the estimation of fixed and random parameters behavioral models. Results from a medium-sized Italian railway station show that female travelers feel safer in the presence of other people; they prefer intermodal infrastructures close to the entrance of the station and commercial activities in the internal premises. Moreover, unlike male travelers, they do not appreciate the presence of hedges and greenery outside stations.

scholarly journals The value of travel time savings in freight transport: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaher Binsuwadan ◽  
Gerard De Jong ◽  
Richard Batley ◽  
Phill Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings

AbstractThe value of freight travel time savings (VFTTS) is a monetary value that is considered an important input into cost–benefit analysis and traffic forecasting. The VFTTS is defined as the marginal rate of substitution between travel time and cost and may therefore differ across firms, time and countries. The paper aims to explain variations in the VFTTS by using the meta-analysis method. The analysis covers 106 monetary valuations extracted from 56 studies conducted from 1988 to 2018 in countries across the globe. The meta-analysis method determines the factors that have an impact on these VFTTS variations. The paper briefly introduces the VFTTS concept and describes the adopted meta-analysis methodology, wherein different meta-models are used in VFTTS estimations. The results highlight the necessity of including multiple explanatory variables to ensure adequate explanation of the VFTTS variations. The findings also show that GDP per capita, transport mode and type of survey respondent are statistically significant variables. The paper sheds some light on the variations, thereby advancing the understanding of each factor’s effects on the VFTTS. Furthermore, meta-model outcomes are used to generate new values of travel time savings for different transport modes in freight transport, for several countries. These implied VFTTS can be used as benchmarks to assess existing evidence or provide new evidence to countries where no such values exist.

scholarly journals The effect of health benefits on the value of travel time savings in active transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101074
Author(s):  
Stefan Flügel ◽  
Knut Veisten ◽  
Hanne Beate Sundfør ◽  
Guri Natalie Jordbakke ◽  
Nina Hulleberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings
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