Impact of crop rotation with chemical and organic fertilization on weed seed density, species diversity, and community structure after 13 years

Aim. To substantiate the agroecological estimation of the performance of a short crop rotation in conditions of intense and organic system of fertilization on the basis of restoring normative parameters of emission and se- questration of С-СО 2 circulation while using by-products as organic fertilizers in conditions of modern climatic system of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results of Investigations. The performance of short crop rotations is determined by the capacity of С-СО 2 balance. Strong inverse correla- tion was found between the capacity of N and the ratio between C and N in the agrocenosis, which demon- strated that enhancing the humifi cation processes (ratio constriction) led to the increase in the capacity of С org balance and the decrease in the capacity level of С-СО 2 balance (enhancing mineralization), related to the reduction in the performance of crops in the agrocenosis of a crop rotation compared to the organic system of fertilization. The capacity of С-СО 2 and С org balance correlates at the medium level of inverse direction, and the yield of the main products, feed units and digestible protein correlates at the level of strong direct correlation. Conclusions. General mineralization of by-products and humus in the agrocenosis and humifi cation processes are antagonists, so extending the ratio between С and N at the intense fertilization system stimulates the in- crease in performance and reducing С to N similar to the organic fertilization system enhances the humifi cation process due to binding of С org into humus and limits mineralization which leads to the reduction in agrocenosis performance at the organic fertilization system.

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Effect of long-term industrial pollution on microorganisms in soil of deciduous forests situated along a pollution gradient next to a fertilizer factory 3. Species diversity and community structure of soil fungi

Ekologija ◽

10.2478/v10055-010-0019-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 132-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dalė Pečiulytė ◽

Vaidilutė Dirginčiutė-Volodkienė

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Industrial Pollution ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Deciduous Forests ◽

Pollution Gradient

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Diversity and Community Structure of Oribatid Mites (Acari, Oribatei) at Memorial Complexes of a Megapolis

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2013-0030 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 291-297

Author(s):

L. A. Kolodochka ◽

O. S. Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Species Complex ◽

Common Species ◽

Oribatid Mites ◽

Direct Relation ◽

City Center ◽

Degree Of Dominance ◽

Different Types ◽

The City

Abstract In different types of substrate (soil, litter, lichens and mosses) collected at three memorial complexes (cemeteries) of Kyiv (Ukraine), 70 species from 57 genera, 34 families of oribatid mites were found. A few eurytopic species capable of tolerance to different types of pollution make up an essential part in each species complex. The species diversity and complexity of oribatid community structure at researched areas increased with distance from the city center. There was no direct relation between the degree of dominance of most common species and the cemetery’s relative remoteness from the center of the city.

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Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v46i4.638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 279-284

Author(s):

S. Barathy ◽

T. Sivaruban ◽

Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽

Isack Rajasekaran ◽

M. Bernath Rosi

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Freshwater Stream ◽

Species Diversity Indices ◽

High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

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Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500091591 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 175-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

George O. Kegode ◽

Frank Forcella ◽

Sharon Clay

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Ridge Tillage

Approaches to crop production that successfully reduce weed seed production can benefit farming systems by reducing management inputs and costs. A 5-yr rotation study was conducted in order to determine the effects that interactions between crop rotation, tillage, and amount of herbicide and fertilizer (management inputs) have on annual grass and broad-leaved weed seed production and fecundity. There were 10 crop rotation and tillage system combinations and three levels of management inputs (high, medium, and low). Green and yellow foxtail were the major weed species, and together they yielded between 76 and 93% of collected weed seeds. From 1990 to 1994, average grass weed seed productions were 7.3 by 103, 3.7 by 1036.1 by 103and 5.7 by 103seeds m−-2, whereas average broad-leaved weed seed productions were 0.4 by 103, 0.4 by 103, 1.4 by 103, and 0.4 by 103seeds m−-2in crop rotations using conventional tillage (moldboard plow), conservation tillage, no tillage, and ridge tillage, respectively. Crop rotations using conventional or ridge tillage consistently produced more grass and broad-leaved weed seeds, especially in low-input plots. There was little difference in weed seed production among input levels for crop rotations using conservation tillage. Comparing rotations that began and ended with a corn crop revealed that by increasing crop diversity within a rotation while simultaneously reducing the amount of tillage, significantly fewer grass and broad-leaved weed seeds were produced. Among the rotations, grass and broad-leaved weed fecundity were highly variable, but fecundity declined from 1990 to 1994 within each rotation, with a concomitant increase in grass and broad-leaved weed density over the same period. Crop rotation in combination with reduced tillage is an effective way of limiting grass and broad-leaved weed seed production, regardless of the level of management input applied.

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Macroinvertebrate community structure and species diversity in humic streams of Finnish Lapland

SIL Proceedings 1922-2010 ◽

10.1080/03680770.1998.11898125 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 2550-2555 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Riku Paavola ◽

Timo Muotka ◽

Pertti Tikkanen

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Macroinvertebrate Community ◽

Finnish Lapland

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Altitudinally coordinated pattern of plant community structure in the Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v18i1.2161 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shalik Ram Sigdel

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Community ◽

National Park ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Flower Colour ◽

Basal Area ◽

Plant Community Structure ◽

Closed Canopy

Study on plant community structure was undertaken in different altitudinal ranges of Shivapuri National Park. The general objective of this study is to analyse different plant community structure in Shivapuri National Park with regards to altitudinal variation. The forest was divided into three distinct altitudinal ranges on the basis of dominancy. In each altitudinal range standard quadrats method was applied for vegetation analysis. The highest number of species was found in site II. All the ecological parameters of the plant species were higher in site II except Basal Area of tree that was highest in site III. The pattern of distribution of plant species was not uniform according to altitude. At higher elevation, the forest was mature with almost closed canopy and trees were large; so the tree density was low. Species richness was highest in site II. Species diversity among tree and shrub species was higher in site I. But for herb species diversity was higher in site II for both seasons. Such type of variations may be due to nature of soil i.e. acidity, nutrient availability and other micro-climatic factors. The most noteworthy thing was that variation in flower colour of Rhododendron arboreum i.e. deep scarlet at low altitude, but it gradually changed into pinkish white as altitude increased. Key words: Altitude, Density, Plant community, Species diversity doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i1.2161 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 1, 11-17

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Community structure of arboreal and soil-dwelling arthropods in three different rice planting indexes in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Tili Karenina ◽

Siti Herlinda ◽

Chandra Irsan ◽

Yulia Pujiastuti ◽

Hasbi Hasbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Herbivorous Insects ◽

Arthropod Community ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Sogatella Furcifera ◽

Pardosa Pseudoannulata ◽

Arthropod Species ◽

Predatory Arthropods

Abstract. Karenina T, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y, Hasbi, Suparman, Lakitan B, Hamidson H, Umayah A. 2020. Community structure of arboreal and soil-dwelling arthropods in three different rice planting indexes in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4839-4849. Differences in the index of rice planting can cause differences in the structure of the arthropod community. This study aimed to characterize the community structure of the arboreal and soil-dwelling arthropods in the three different rice planting indexes (PI) in the freshwater swamps of South Sumatra. Sampling of the arthropods using D-vac and pitfall traps was conducted in the three different rice planting, namely one (PI-100), two (PI-200), and three (PI-300) planting indexes of the rice. The results of the study showed that the dominant predatory arthropod species in the rice fields were Pardosa pseudoannulata, Tetragnatha javana, Tetragnatha virescens, Pheropsophus occipitalis, Paederus fuscipes, and the dominant herbivorous insects were Leptocorisa acuta, Nilavarpata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera. The abundance of arboreal predatory arthropods was the highest in the PI-300 rice and the lowest in the PI-100 rice. The abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods was the highest in the rice PI-100, and low in the rice PI-200 and PI-300, but the rice PI-100 had the highest abundance of the herbivorous insects. The rice PI-300 was the most ideal habitats to maintain the abundance and the species diversity of the arboreal predatory arthropods. Thus, the rice cultivation throughout the year was profitable in conserving and maintaining the abundance and species diversity of the predatory arthropods.

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Effect of Farming and Rainfall on the Species Diversity, Population Density and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in the Kalahari Woodland, NE Namibia

Zoodiversity ◽

10.15407/zoo2021.06.451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 451-458

Author(s):

G. Kopij

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Bird Species ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Feeding Guilds ◽

Line Transect ◽

Population Densities ◽

Feeding Guild ◽

Turtle Dove

The line transect method has been employed to assess species diversity, population densities and community structure of birds breeding in a mosaic of Kalahari Woodland and farmland, NE Namibia. The transect, 4.5 km long, was surveyed in 2014 and 2015. The total annual rainfall in 2014 was much higher than in 2015 (427 mm vs. 262 mm). In total, 40 breeding species in 2014, and 46 in 2015 were recorded. Six species were dominant in 2014 (Cape Turtle Dove, Laughing Dove, Emerald-spotted Dove, Blue Waxbill, and White-browed Scrub Robin) and only three species in 2015 (Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill and Yellow-fronted Canary). Although the cumulative dominance in 2014 almost doubled that in 2015, the Community Index in both years was almost identical. Also diversity indices and evenness index were very similar in both years compared. Granivorous birds were the most numerous feeding guild. Their contribution was similar in 2014 and 2015 (46.7 % vs. 43.4 %). Two other feeding guilds, insectivores and frugivores, comprised together more than 50 % in both years. The number of bird species and species diversity were not influenced by the differential rainfall. However, contrary to expectations, population densities of most bird species (at least the more numerous ones) were higher in the year with lower than in the year with higher rainfall. The number of species and species diversity was similar in the farmland and in neighbouring Kalahari Woodland in a pristine stage. However, population densities of most species were lower in the farmland than in the pristine woodland.

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