Psychopathic personality factor “Fearless dominance” is related to low self-reported stress-levels, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and more adaptive stress coping in psychiatric disorders

: Psychiatric diagnosis has long been perceived as more of an art than a science since its foundations lie within the observation, and the self-report of the patients themselves and objective diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Furthermore, the diagnostic tools in use not only stray away from the conventional medical framework but also remain invalidated with evidence-based concepts. However, neuroscience, as a source of valid objective knowledge has initiated the process of a paradigm shift underlined by the main concept of psychiatric disorders being “brain disorders”. It is also a bridge closing the explanatory gap among the different fields of medicine via the translation of the knowledge within a multidisciplinary framework. : The contemporary neuroimaging methods, such as fMRI provide researchers with an entirely new set of tools to reform the current status quo by creating an opportunity to define and validate objective biomarkers that can be translated into clinical practice. Combining multiple neuroimaging techniques with the knowledge of the role of genetic factors, neurochemical imbalance and neuroinflammatory processes in the etiopathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is a step towards a comprehensive biological explanation of psychiatric disorders and a final differentiation of psychiatry as a well-founded medical science. : In addition, the neuroscientific knowledge gained thus far suggests a necessity for directional change to exploring multidisciplinary concepts, such as multiple causality and dimensionality of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. A concomitant viewpoint transition of the notion of validity in psychiatry with a focus on an integrative validatory approach may facilitate the building of a collaborative bridge above the wall existing between the scientific fields analyzing the mind and those studying the brain.

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Incidence of Postpartum Depression and Its Association With Antenatal Psychiatric Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study in 25 Villages of Rural South Karnataka

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717621991061 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 025371762199106

Author(s):

Meera George ◽

Avita Rose Johnson ◽

Sulekha T.

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Care Program

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the commonest mental health disorder post-childbirth, yet there is a paucity of data in rural areas regarding the actual incidence of PPD, which excludes pre-existing or antenatal depression. To estimate the incidence of PPD among rural women of south Karnataka and identify predictors of PPD, including antenatal psychiatric disorders. Methods: A longitudinal study in 25 villages in south Karnataka among 150 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy using simple random sampling. Baseline data collected and revised Clinical Interview Schedule used to screen antenatal psychiatric disorders. Participants followed-up 6–8 weeks postpartum, end-line data collected, and Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale administered. Chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests for association between PPD and covariates. Logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios. Results: Prevalence of antenatal psychiatric disorders was 15.3%. The incidence of PPD was 11%. A significantly higher proportion of PPD was found among women with adverse events in the last year, low socioeconomic status, and perceived lack of care/support at home. Predictors of PPD were antenatal psychiatric disorders (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.22–5.11; P = 0.028), mothers reporting worry about their infant’s health (AOR = 7.7, 95% CI = 1.22–48.32; P = 0.012) and mothers receiving postpartum care by caregivers other than their own mother (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.13–8.09; P = 0.030). Conclusions: Our study found that one in ten rural women is developing PPD and there is a strong link between PPD and antenatal psychiatric disorders and family factors. This calls for capacity building of general physicians and village-level workers and strengthening of the Home-Based Newborn Care Program, where weekly postpartum home visits by ASHA are an opportunity for screening and counselling mothers.

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Oral Care and Prevention of Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients With Psychiatric Disorders in Japan

Japanese Clinical Medicine ◽

10.1177/1179670717720407 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 117967071772040

Author(s):

Atsushi Hamuro ◽

Hideki Kawaguchi ◽

Kazuaki Yamazoe ◽

Minoru Honda ◽

Ryuichi Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Oral Care ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Hygiene Intervention ◽

Time Point

Purpose: Oral care in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders is important. However, some patients with psychiatric disorders cannot undergo oral care because of psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline. The effect of a standardized oral hygiene intervention on the prevention of pneumonia in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders was investigated. Method: Patients were divided into 2 groups: control group (N = 259), patients without standardized intervention who were enrolled on April 2014 as the time point of baseline, and intervention group (N = 263), patients with standardized intervention who were enrolled on April 2015 as the time point of baseline. Two end points were evaluated: (1) pneumonia onset within 1 year after the enrollment and (2) no pneumonia for 1 year after the enrollment. The following parameters were compared between the groups: sex, age, psychiatric disorders, past history of diseases of the respiratory system, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart impairment, and pneumonia. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups in the distributions of characteristics except pneumonia by univariate analysis. The presence of pneumonia was significantly associated with age and the absence of the standardized oral hygiene intervention by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The standardized oral hygiene intervention appears to be effective for preventing pneumonia in patients with psychiatric disorders.

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Evolution of psychosocial burden and psychiatric symptoms in patients with psychiatric disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.1007/s00406-021-01268-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Belz ◽

Philipp Hessmann ◽

Jonathan Vogelgsang ◽

Ulrike Schmidt ◽

Mirjana Ruhleder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

High Stress ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Time Range ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Psychosocial Burden

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic highly impacts mental health worldwide. Patients with psychiatric disorders are a vulnerable risk population for worsening of their condition and relapse of symptoms. This study investigates the pandemic-related course of psychosocial burden in patients with pre-existing mental disorders. With the newly developed Goettingen psychosocial Burden and Symptom Inventory (Goe-BSI) psychosocial burden has been traced retrospectively (1) before the pandemic (beginning of 2020), (2) at its beginning under maximum lockdown conditions (March 2020), and (3) for the current state after maximum lockdown conditions (April/May 2020). The Goe-BSI also integrates the Adjustment Disorder New Module (ADNM-20), assesses general psychiatric symptoms, and resilience. A total of 213 patients covering all major psychiatric disorders (ICD-10 F0-F9) were interviewed once in the time range from April, 24th until May 11th, 2020. Across all diagnoses patients exhibited a distinct pattern with an initial rise followed by a decline of psychosocial burden (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.09; Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons between all three time-points: p < 0.05 to 0.001). Female gender and high ADNM-20 scores were identified as risk factors for higher levels and an unfavorable course of psychosocial burden over time. Most psychiatric symptoms remained unchanged. Trajectories of psychosocial burden vary in parallel to local lockdown restrictions and seem to reflect an adaptive stress response. For female patients with pre-existing mental disorders and patients with high-stress responses, timely and specific treatment should be scheduled. With the continuation of the pandemic, monitoring of long-term effects is of major importance, especially when long incubation times for the development of mental health issues are considered.

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Multiple-time measurements of multidimensional psychiatric states from immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic to one year later: A longitudinal online survey of the Japanese population

10.1101/2021.08.01.21261309 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Taiki Oka ◽

Takatomi Kubo ◽

Nao Kobayashi ◽

Fumiya Nakai ◽

Yuka Miyake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Principal Components ◽

Japanese Population ◽

Online Survey ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Social Withdrawal ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Series Data ◽

Multiple Time ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly affected the mental health of both infected and uninfected people. Although most psychiatric disorders have highly overlapping genetic and pathogenic backgrounds, most studies investigating the impact of the pandemic have examined only single psychiatric disorders. It is necessary to examine longitudinal trajectories of factors that modulate psychiatric states across multiple dimensions. 2274 Japanese citizens participated in online surveys presented in December 2019 (before the pandemic), August 2020, Dec 2020, and April 2021. These surveys included nine questionnaires on psychiatric symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. Multi-dimensional psychiatric time series data were then decomposed into four principal components. We used generalized linear models to identify modulating factors for effects of the pandemic on these components. The four principal components can be interpreted as general psychiatric burden, social withdrawal, alcohol-related problems, and depression/anxiety. Principal components associated with general psychiatric burden and depression/anxiety peaked during the initial phase of the pandemic. They were further exacerbated by the economic burden of the pandemic. In contrast, principal components associated with social withdrawal showed a delayed peak, with human relationships as an important risk modulating factor. In addition, being elderly and female were risk factors shared across all components. Our results show that COVID-19 has imposed a large and varied burden on the Japanese population since the commencement of the pandemic. Although components related to the general psychiatric burden remained elevated, peak intensities differed between components related to depression/anxiety and those related to social anxiety. These results underline the importance of using flexible monitoring and mitigation strategies for mental problems, according to the phase of the pandemic.

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MON-252 Pituitary Tumor Apoplexy Presenting with Acute Psychosis

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Mercedes Pineyro ◽

Patrica Agüero ◽

Florencia Irazusta ◽

Claudia Brun ◽

Paula Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Pituitary Tumor ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Acute Psychosis ◽

Sellar Mass ◽

History Of ◽

Pituitary Tumor Apoplexy

Abstract Background: Pituitary tumors (PT) can present with neuropsychiatric symptoms. It has been associated with hormonal changes, as well as extension of the tumor to the diencephalon. Psychopathology has been reported in up to 83% in Cushing Disease (CD) and 35% in acromegaly (ACR). Psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety and psychosis) have been reported up to 77% in CD and 63% in ACR. We present a rare case of a patient presenting with acute psychosis and a PT apoplexy. Case: A 27 year-old Caucasian female with a PMH of primary hypothyroidism presented with a 15-day history of delusions. She had delusional ideas on the subject of harm and prejudice, persecutory and mystical-religious. The mechanism was mainly intuitive and interpretive with false acknowledgments. She also had sleep disturbance, death ideation and subacute alteration of consciousness. There was no history of substance abuse or psychiatric disorders. She did not report headaches, visual disturbances, symptoms of hormone hypersecretion or hypopituitarism. She had regular menses on BCP. She had no family history of mental illnesses. Physical exam revealed reluctance, latency in responses and bradypsychia. She did not have acromegalic or cushingoid features. She was diagnosed with acute psychosis with atypical features so a brain CT was performed, which showed a sellar mass. Pituitary MRI revealed a sellar mass measuring 15x12x13 mm, with suprasellar extension, optic chiasm compression, hyperintense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted imaging compatible with subacute hemorrhage. She was treated with neuroleptics and benzodiazepines. Lab work revealed high prolactin (PRL) (114ng/dl), and normal 8 AM cortisol, FT4, LH, FSH and IGF-1 levels. Repeated PRL was 31,6 ng/dl after changing psychiatric treatment to aripiprazole. Her psychiatric symptoms improved. We postulate a diagnosis of PT apoplexy that presented with acute psychosis. In relation to the nature of the PT we postulate a non functioning pituitary adenoma (NFA) or a partial resolution of a prolactinoma after apoplexy. A follow up MRI is pending. Discussion: Infrequently, psychiatric symptoms may be the primary manifestation of brain tumors. Patients with PT have been reported to have altered quality of life, reduced coping strategies, increased prevalence of psychopathological alterations and maladaptive personality disorders. In addition, they can present with psychotic symptoms, mostly reported with hormone excess (GH and cortisol). Psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and neurosis have been reported in NFA and prolactinomas. However, it is not clear a higher prevalence of psychiatric illnesses in these tumors. To our knowledge this is the first case of a pituitary tumor apoplexy presenting with acute psychosis. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms can be the first manifestation of PT, so atypical presentations should warrant further workup with brain imaging.

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Abnormalities of confidence in psychiatry: an overview and future perspectives

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-019-0602-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Monja Hoven ◽

Maël Lebreton ◽

Jan B. Engelmann ◽

Damiaan Denys ◽

Judy Luigjes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

General Population ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽

Underlying Processes

Abstract Our behavior is constantly accompanied by a sense of confidence and its’ precision is critical for adequate adaptation and survival. Importantly, abnormal confidence judgments that do not reflect reality may play a crucial role in pathological decision-making typically seen in psychiatric disorders. In this review, we propose abnormalities of confidence as a new model of interpreting psychiatric symptoms. We hypothesize a dysfunction of confidence at the root of psychiatric symptoms either expressed subclinically in the general population or clinically in the patient population. Our review reveals a robust association between confidence abnormalities and psychiatric symptomatology. Confidence abnormalities are present in subclinical/prodromal phases of psychiatric disorders, show a positive relationship with symptom severity, and appear to normalize after recovery. In the reviewed literature, the strongest evidence was found for a decline in confidence in (sub)clinical OCD, and for a decrease in confidence discrimination in (sub)clinical schizophrenia. We found suggestive evidence for increased/decreased confidence in addiction and depression/anxiety, respectively. Confidence abnormalities may help to understand underlying psychopathological substrates across disorders, and should thus be considered transdiagnostically. This review provides clear evidence for confidence abnormalities in different psychiatric disorders, identifies current knowledge gaps and supplies suggestions for future avenues. As such, it may guide future translational research into the underlying processes governing these abnormalities, as well as future interventions to restore them.

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SCL-90-R and 16PF Profiles of Senior High School Students with Excessive Internet Use

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370505000704 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 407-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Chang-Kook Yang ◽

Byeong-Moo Choe ◽

Matthew Baity ◽

Jeong-Hyeong Lee ◽

Jin-Seok Cho

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Internet Use ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Senior High School ◽

The Internet ◽

Personality Factor ◽

School Students ◽

Sixteen Personality Factor ◽

Senior High School Students

Objective: To investigate the psychiatric symptomatology and personality characteristics of Korean senior high school students considered to use the Internet to excess. Method: We administered a questionnaire packet to students that included 4 measures. These measures included a questionnaire on Internet use patterns during the previous month, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). A total of 328 students, aged 15 to 19 years, participated in the study. Results: Students were divided into 4 Internet user groups according to their IAT total scores: nonusers ( n = 59, 18.0%), minimal users ( n = 155, 47.3%), moderate users ( n = 98, 29.9%), and excessive users ( n = 16, 4.9%). The SCL-90-R showed that the excessive users group, when compared with the other groups in this study, reported the highest levels of symptomatology. The 16PF also revealed that excessive users were easily affected by feeling, emotionally less stable, imaginative, absorbed in thought, self-sufficient, experimenting, and preferred their own decisions. Conclusions: This study suggests that senior high school students who use the Internet to excess report and subsequently exhibit significantly more psychiatric symptoms than students who use the Internet less frequently. In addition, excessive users appear to have a distinctive personality profile when compared with nonusers, minimal, and moderate users.

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What Are the Psychosocial Factors Associated With Migraine in the Child? Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders, Family Functioning, Parenting Style, or Mom’s Psychiatric Symptoms?

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/0883073817749377 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 174-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gozde Kandemir ◽

Selma Tural Hesapcioglu ◽

Aysegül N. Citak Kurt

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Parenting Style ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Migraine Group

Objective: Psychiatric diagnoses, parenting style, family functioning among children and adolescents with migraine, and psychiatric symptoms of their mothers were examined. Methods: The K-SADS and other measurements were used to assess psychiatric disorders in 50 children with migraine (aged 8-18) and matched 50 controls. Results: At least one psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 56% of the migraine group. The presence of any psychiatric disorder in children (odds ratio [OR] = 2.765, P = .027) and somatization symptoms in their mothers (OR = 2.061, P = .025) were increasing the risk of migraine diagnosis. The parenting style scale assessments revealed that parents in the migraine group grant their children less autonomy. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidity, especially depression and anxiety disorders, is more common in children with migraine. The frequency of eating disorder is also higher. Evaluating comorbidity, family functioning, and particularly affective responsiveness in migraine families may guide the clinician to a targeted treatment plan.

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Psychiatric illness and regression in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

10.1186/s11689-020-9309-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teresa M. Kohlenberg ◽

M. Pilar Trelles ◽

Brittany McLarney ◽

Catalina Betancur ◽

Audrey Thurm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Scaffolding Protein ◽

International Registry ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic condition characterized by intellectual disability, speech and language deficits, hypotonia, autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy. PMS is caused by 22q13.33 deletions or mutations affecting SHANK3, which codes for a critical scaffolding protein in excitatory synapses. SHANK3 variants are also known to be associated with an increased risk for regression, as well as for psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder and catatonia. This study aimed to further describe these phenomena in PMS and to explore any relationship between psychiatric illness and regression after early childhood. Methods Thirty-eight people with PMS were recruited to this study through the Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Foundation based on caregiver report of distinct development of psychiatric symptoms. Caregivers completed a clinician-administered semi-structured interview focused on eliciting psychiatric symptomatology. Data from the PMS International Registry were used to confirm genetic diagnoses of participants and to provide a larger sample for comparison. Results The mean age of the 38 participants was 24.7 years (range = 13 to 50; SD = 10.06). Females (31 of 38 cases; 82%) and sequence variants (15 of 38 cases; 39%) were over-represented in this sample, compared to base rates in the PMS International Registry. Onset of psychiatric symptoms occurred at a mean age of 15.4 years (range = 7 to 32), with presentations marked by prominent disturbances of mood. Enduring substantial loss of functional skills after onset of psychiatric changes was seen in 25 cases (66%). Symptomst indicative of catatonia occurred in 20 cases (53%). Triggers included infections, changes in hormonal status, and stressful life events. Conclusions This study confirms that individuals with PMS are at risk of developing severe neuropsychiatric illness in adolescence or early adulthood, including bipolar disorder, catatonia, and lasting regression of skills. These findings should increase the awareness of these phenotypes and lead to earlier diagnosis and the implementation of appropriate interventions. Our findings also highlight the importance of genetic testing in the work-up of individuals with intellectual disability and acute psychiatric illness or regression. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence and nature of psychiatric disorders and regression among larger unbiased samples of individuals with PMS.

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