scholarly journals Lone mothers and child support receipt in 21 European countries

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mia Hakovirta ◽  
Merita Mesiäislehto
Keyword(s):  
Child Support ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract With increasing trends in divorce, separation and multi-partner fertility, more families have become subject to child support policies. This paper explores child support receipt in 21 European countries using 2017–2018 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data. We investigated: (1) cross-country differences in the prevalence and amount of child support received and (2) the determinants of child support receipt among lone mothers across countries. We found that the proportion of lone-mother families receiving child support ranged from 16 per cent in Luxembourg to 75 per cent in the Czech Republic, with large variations in the amount of child support received. Our results suggested that the socioeconomic characteristics of lone mothers, including marital status, education, employment status, number of children and income, were associated with the likelihood of receiving child support in most countries but these associations varied significantly across countries.

scholarly journals Lone mothers and child support receipt in 21 European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Hakovirta ◽  
Merita Jokela
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Increasing Trends

With increasing trends in divorce, separation, and multi-partner fertility, more families havebecome subject to child support policies. This paper explores child support receipt in 21European countries using 2017-2018 European Union Statistics on Income and LivingConditions data. We investigated: 1) cross-country differences in the prevalence and amount ofchild support received, and 2) the determinants of child support receipt among lone mothersacross countries. We found that the proportion of lone-mother families receiving child supportranged from 16 percent in Luxembourg to 75 percent in the Czech Republic, with large variationsin the amount of child support received. Our results suggested that the socioeconomiccharacteristics of lone mothers, including marital status, education, employment status, andincome, were associated with the likelihood of receiving child support in most countries but theseassociations varied significantly across countries.

Social factors associated with depression: a retrospective community study

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Severe Life Events ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisA procedural replication of the Camberwell retrospective community study of depression in women (Brown et al. 1975; Brown & Harris, 1978 a) was conducted in Calgary, Alberta. A random sample of 449 women between the ages of 18 and 65 were interviewed. The shorter form of the Present State Examination (PSE) and Brown's Interview Schedules for Life Events and Difficulties were used.By contrast to the findings of Brown, none of the following factors was associated with the onset of depression in the 12 months prior to interview: social class, employment status, number of children at home, loss of mother before age 11. In agreement with Brown, a lack of intimacy with spouse/cohabitant/boyfriend increased the risk of depression. Also in agreement with Brown, severe life events and difficulties were associated with depression. The association was particularly strong for ‘possibly independent’ events and difficulties, i.e. events (and difficulties) that may or may not have been caused in part by the woman herself. It was concluded that the role of social factors is community-specific and that the causal roles of events and difficulties in relation to depression remain uncertain. The implications of the findings in relation to the locus of vulnerability to depression are briefly discussed

scholarly journals Quantifying loss aversion: Evidence from a UK population survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blake ◽  
Edmund Cannon ◽  
Douglas Wright
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
Status Number

AbstractWe quantify differences in attitudes to loss from individuals with different demographic, personal and socio-economic characteristics. Our data are based on responses from an online survey of a representative sample of over 4000 UK residents and allow us to produce the most comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of loss aversion measures to date. Using the canonical model proposed by Tversky and Kahneman (1992), we show that responses for the population as a whole differ substantially from those typically provided by students (who form the basis of many existing studies of loss aversion). The average aversion to a loss of £500 relative to a gain of the same amount is 2.41, but loss aversion correlates significantly with characteristics such as gender, age, education, financial knowledge, social class, employment status, management responsibility, income, savings and home ownership. Other related factors include marital status, number of children, ease of savings, rainy day fund, personality type, emotional state, newspaper and political party. However, once we condition on all the profiling characteristics of the respondents, some factors, in particular gender, cease to be significant, suggesting that gender differences in risk and loss attitudes might be due to other factors, such as income differences.

scholarly journals Who Favors Education? Insights from the World Values Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 509-541
Author(s):  
Horst Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Values ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The World ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Using World Values Survey data from 55 countries, this article provides detailed insights into the characteristics of people who place a high value on education – and into the characteristics of those who don’t. It finds that attitudes toward education vary across the following characteristics: educational attainment, income, social class, political position, postmaterialist values, religion, sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, number of children, family values and employment status. Countries’ average GDP per capita affects people’s views of education too. Whereas some results are in line with theoretical expectations and previous empirical research, others are surprising.

Trait Anxiety in Mothers: Differences Associated with Employment Status, Family Size and Age of Children

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilly J. Schubert Walker ◽  
James L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Status Number ◽  
The Impact

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to 345 adult women to determine if anxiety was related to employment status, number of children, and age of children. Respondents were categorized as not employed, employed part-time, or employed full-time and also in terms of number and ages of children. The results indicated that women not employed outside their homes have slightly higher levels of anxiety than the employed women. A significant relationship between ages of children and anxiety was also obtained with Trait-anxiety being highest in women with all children between 2 and 5 yr. of age and lowest in women whose children were all older than 5. The importance of the ages of children and the impact of employment status in contributing to maternal stress are discussed.

INTERNATIONAL GRANT COOPERATION AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Milan Chmura
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Project ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Education And Development

The education and development of university teachers have its justifcation and its importance is signifcant not only in the Czech Republic but also abroad. This study provides an analysis of further professional education of university teachers in the Czech Republic and in selected European countries. Subsequently, it presents an international project with participants from the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland, which, ultimately, plays a role in the improvement of the quality of higher education.

scholarly journals Investigator Initiated Clinical Trials (IICTs): A Systematic Search in Registries to Compare the Czech Republic and Portugal in Terms of Funding Policies and Scientific Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madeira ◽  
L. Hořavová ◽  
F. dos Santos ◽  
J. R. Batuca ◽  
K. Nebeska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objectives Clinical trials provide one of the highest levels of evidence to support medical practice. Investigator initiated clinical trials (IICTs) answer relevant questions in clinical practice that may not be addressed by industry. For the first time, two European Countries are compared in terms of IICTs, respective funders and publications, envisaging to inspire others to use similar indicators to assess clinical research outcomes. Methods A retrospective systematic search of registered IICTs from 2004 to 2017, using four clinical trials registries was carried out in two European countries with similar population, GDP, HDI and medical schools but with different governmental models to fund clinical research. Each IICT was screened for sponsors, funders, type of intervention and associated publications, once completed. Results IICTs involving the Czech Republic and Portugal were n = 439 (42% with hospitals as sponsors) and n = 328 (47% with universities as sponsors), respectively. The Czech Republic and Portuguese funding agencies supported respectively 61 and 27 IICTs. Among these, trials with medicinal products represent 52% in Czech Republic and 4% in Portugal. In the first, a higher percentage of IICTs’ publications in high impact factor journals with national investigators as authors was observed, when compared to Portugal (75% vs 15%). Conclusion The better performance in clinical research by Czech Republic might be related to the existence of specific and periodic funding for clinical research, although further data are still needed to confirm this relationship. In upcoming years, the indicators used herein might be useful to tracking clinical research outcomes in these and other European countries.

scholarly journals Did Lockdown Work? An Economist’s Cross-Country Comparison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bjørnskov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract I explore the association between the severity of lockdown policies in the first half of 2020 and mortality rates. Using two indices from the Blavatnik Centre’s COVID-19 policy measures and comparing weekly mortality rates from 24 European countries in the first halves of 2017–2020, addressing policy endogeneity in two different ways, and taking timing into account, I find no clear association between lockdown policies and mortality development.

scholarly journals Relation between Halls’ Professionalism Scale and nurses’ demographic characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinda Rabie
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Professional Nurse ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Nursing Experience ◽  
Employment Sector

Abstract Objective Nursing Professionalism was measured by Hall’s Professionalism Scale, consisting of 50 items. The scale was developed to measure the attitudes and ideologies held by professionals in various professional occupations by measuring five attitudinal constructs of professionalism, namely ‘sense of calling to the field’, ‘autonomy’, ‘using a professional organisation as a major referent’, ‘belief in self-regulation’, and ‘belief in public service’. This study focussed on determining the practically significant differences that exist between the means of the five constructs of Hall’s Professionalism Scale and certain demographic variables among nurses in South Africa. The 11-item demographic profile included the following variables: gender (1), age (2), age when becoming a professional nurse (3), undergraduate qualifications (4), marital status (5), number of children (6), employment sector (7), years’ of nursing experience (8), international experience (9), employment status (10) and satisfaction with nursing as a career (11). Results Only (7/11) demographic profile variables had an association with one or more of the five Hall’s Professionalism Scale constructs The variables included the following items: age (2), age when becoming a professional nurse (3), number of children (6), years of nursing experience (8), international experience (9), employment status (10), and satisfaction with nursing as a career (11).

scholarly journals Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative Study

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402098261
Author(s):  
Rula Odeh Alsawalqa
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Abuse Of Women

As the literature on the economic abuse of women in Arabic contexts is quite limited, we aimed to detect the correlation between this economic abuse and a variety of demographic variables. Specifically, we considered women’s age, education, income, number of children, and length of marriage, as well as the husband’s education and employment status. We distributed questionnaires that included the economic, psychological, and community composite abuse scales to 500 married working women in the capital of Amman, Jordan. The results revealed that the economic abuse of women decreased as their education levels and length of marriage increased, as long as the husband worked full-time. In addition, a husband’s high education level would also increase the likelihood of economic abuse. Most importantly, the findings showed that economic abuse definitively heightened the probability of intimate partner violence (psychological, emotional, and physical abuse, as well as harassment).

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