Dachas on permafrost: the creation of nature among Arctic Russian city-dwellers

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Stammler ◽  
Lena Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
West Siberia ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Murmansk Oblast ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
Attachment To Place ◽  
Summer Cottage ◽  
Urban Livelihood

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the phenomenon of the post-Soviet Russian summer cottage, dacha, in the Arctic. We take an ethnographic comparative perspective for contributing to the refinement of our understanding of human-environment relations and urban anthropology of incomer-northerners, those with roots somewhere outside the north. Evidence from fieldwork in Murmansk Oblast, West Siberia and Sakha-Yakutia shows how for a socialist and post-socialist northern urban livelihood, the dacha has become an indispensable counterpart of life in the urban concrete housing blocks for most Russian northern inhabitants. We explore in this article the importance of dacha for northern identity of urban dwellers, by analysing spheres of individual and collective agency, freedom, attachment to place and land. We conclude that the dacha movement has filled a gap that had been left open by Soviet Arctic urbanisation: a dacha has come to stand for a human-environment relationship that gradually re-introduces rurality to urban life in the Russian Arctic so permanently that dacha places start losing their seasonal character.

Healthcare System in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Known and Emerging Issues and Solutions to Them

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
V.N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Impact

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

The system-forming role of the Arctic cluster in the development of the economy of the North of Russia (on the example of the Murmansk region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Е.С. Хаценко ◽  
Л.С. Лычкина
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Creation

Представленная статья посвящена теоретико-правовым аспектам формирования экономической политики Российской Арктики, создание и регулирование Арктического экономического кластера. The presented article is devoted to the theoretical and legal aspects of the formation of the economic policy of the Russian Arctic, the creation and regulation of the Arctic economic cluster.

Development of Tourism in the Arctic Zone and Its Impact on Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Marina L. BELONOZHKO ◽  
Oleg M. BARBAKOV ◽  
Anton L. ABRAMOVSKY
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
Almost All

For a long time, the Arctic was considered a territory not adapted for human life (“dead earth”), impassable either by water or by land due to the climate. Currently, not only scientists, but also ordinary travelers and tourists are going to the North Pole. Today, tourism in the Arctic is one of the rapidly developing areas in the past few years. Therefore, the authors studied the development of tourism in the Arctic and its impact on the environment. It has been established that the development of ecological, cultural, scientific, extreme tourism, sport hunting, fishing and cruises is relevant for the Arctic regions. It was determined that the main problem in the development of tourism in the Russian Arctic is the transport and logistics underdevelopment of the region. But, these territories are so rich in natural, cultural, historical resources that there is the possibility of developing almost all types of tourism.

COMPARISON OF SOME CONSTITUTIONAL POSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC ZONE AND THE USA STATE OF ALASKA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Minina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Usa

The similarity of the regions of the Russian Arctic and the state of Alaska in the United States in the climate, geographical and geopolitical terms is obvious. However, at the same time there are many differences, in many ways determining the level and quality of life of the population of these territories. The historical retrospective of the development of Siberian and northern lands development by the Russian people, who reached the strait between Asia and America and colonized part of the territory of North America, about the successful beginning and end of this "company" stretching for two centuries, some understanding of the need to develop new lands for the Russian man individually and the state as a whole, the article refers. Considering the situation of modern Russia and the United States of America in terms of the sustainable development of the northern, Arctic regions of both countries, an attempt is made to find possible ways to improve the financial situation of the indigenous peoples of the North and the non-native inhabitants of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation by comparing constitutional approaches to socio-economic development and the area of environmental management of the Russian and American Arctic.

Medical geographic modeling of spatiotemporal changes of naturally determined diseases under the changing climate and economic development of the Russian Arctic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Malkhazova ◽  
Dmitry Orlov ◽  
Irina Bashmakova
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Frost Period ◽  
Geographic Modeling

<p>This research aims at the solution of environmental problems related to sustainable and economically efficient development of the North, which could enhance the quality of life and health of the population in the changing Russian Arctic. The medical geographic modeling of spatiotemporal patterns of naturally determined diseases is based on the detailed database covering the Arctic zone of Russia. The role of factors affecting the spread of diseases is unequal, with the climatic factor regarded as the most significant at all levels of territorial differentiation. At the highest (national) level, this factor determines the latitudinal zoning, which, in turn, determines the existence conditions of disease hosts and vectors and, ultimately, the foci of diseases. At regional level, the effect of climate is traced in monthly mean temperatures, temperature extremes, precipitation, snow depth, length of no-frost period, etc. Changes of these characteristics influence the poikilothermic (cold-blooded) arthropods, as well as the pathogens spending a part of their life cycles in the arthropods’ organisms. Another important factor is related to water resources, particularly, water-table height and ecological state of water bodies. Comparative analysis of hydrological and hydrochemical data, and their total impact on morbidity rates in terms of pathogenicity eco-indices, can serve as an additional tool for detecting the critical infection areas and population early warning. The original methodology is applied to evaluate the actual medical environmental situation, to forecast possible spatiotemporal changes in morbidity, including due to the most virulent infections, and to elaborate recommendations to public health authorities on planning the preventive and health-improving activities in the Arctic.</p>

scholarly journals Socio-economic development of the village of Tiksi in the Russian Arctic: strategy and growth potential

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
P.Y. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Potravnaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village

The article consider the implementation of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the village of Tiksi for the period up to 2025, worked out by the Ministry for the Development of the Arctic and the Affairs of the Peoples of the North of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors outline constraints and perspective directions of the village development, its capacity and growth points, which include modernization and development of seaport, the implementation of projects in the field of energy and resource efficiency, the creation of a tourist cluster “Russian North of the Arctic”, the construction of a trade and logical center. The implementation of this approach will contribute to the creation of an economic growth center for the Arctic.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian Arctic: some socio-economic results of 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
E.A. Korchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
State Control ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of this study is determined by the fundamentally new reality of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is expected will significantly exacerbate the systemic problems of the Russian Arctic, increase the need for state control over main spheres of life and produce precedents for changes in corporate governance practices in the Arctic. The study intends to identify the current socio-economic dynamics of the Russian Arctic regions under the COVID-19 pandemic. The author set the following objectives for her study: analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic as a threat to the economic security of the Russian Arctic, review of the actions of resource corporations and regional authorities under the COVID-19 pandemic, including in relation to the indigenous population of the North, and analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of the Russian Arctic regions. Among the main socio-economic outcomes of 2020 for the Russian Arctic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the author identifies a decline in economic activity and an increase in unemployment.

Navigation in the Russian Arctic: Sea Ice Caused Difficulties and Accidents

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Ice Conditions

The 5 Russian Arctic Seas have common features, but differ significantly from each other in the sea ice regime and navigation specifics. Navigation in the Arctic is a big challenge, especially during the winter season. However, it is necessary, due to limited natural resources elsewhere on Earth that may be easier for exploitation. Therefore sea ice is an important issue for future development. We foresee that the Arctic may become ice free in summer as a result of global warming and even light yachts will be able to pass through the Eastern Passage. There have been several such examples in the last years. But sea ice is an inherent feature of Arctic Seas in winter, it is permanently immanent for the Central Arctic Basin. That is why it is important to get appropriate knowledge about sea ice properties and operations in ice conditions. Four seas, the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi have been examined in the book “Russian Arctic Seas. Navigation Condition and Accidents”, Marchenko, 2012 [1]. The book is devoted to the eastern sector of the Arctic, with a description of the seas and accidents caused by heavy ice conditions. The traditional physical-geographical characteristics, information about the navigation conditions and the main sea routes and reports on accidents that occurred in the 20th century have reviewed. An additional investigation has been performed for more recent accidents and for the Barents Sea. Considerable attention has been paid to problems associated with sea ice caused by the present development of the Arctic. Sea ice can significantly affect shipping, drilling, and the construction and operation of platforms and handling terminals. Sea ice is present in the main part of the east Arctic Sea most of the year. The Barents Sea, which is strongly influenced and warmed by the North Atlantic Current, has a natural environment that is dramatically different from those of the other Arctic seas. The main difficulties with the Barents Sea are produced by icing and storms and in the north icebergs. The ice jet is the most dangerous phenomenon in the main straits along the Northern Sea Route and in Chukchi Seas. The accidents in the Arctic Sea have been classified, described and connected with weather and ice conditions. Behaviour of the crew is taken into consideration. The following types of the ice-induced accidents are distinguished: forced drift, forced overwintering, shipwreck, and serious damage to the hull in which the crew, sometimes with the help of other crews, could still save the ship. The main reasons for shipwrecks and damages are hits of ice floes (often in rather calm ice conditions), ice nipping (compression) and drift. Such investigation is important for safety in the Arctic.

Health, indigenous food security and social politics in the Arctic region (with the special focus on Murmansk oblast )

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Zhanna Kasparyan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Murmansk Oblast ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
Murmansk Region

Social policy is directly concerned with food security issues, and the task to improve nutrition and related population health assumes increased importance given the context of Arctic globalization. It is obvious that Arctic social policies in term of food security should be distinguished from the "non-Arctic" one, and focused on identifying, assessing, monitoring and easing, if not completely eliminating the harmful impact of the risks involved. However, most studies on the subject, have focused mainly on the problem of small indigenous minorities (“indigenous food security”), meanwhile the food security issues of newcomers and, later, rooted population were not studied in such detail. Geographically, the survey covers the area of the Murmansk region, since it is fully integrated into the Arcticzone of the Russian Federation and has a number of features that distinguish it from other regions. The study was designed to identify the various risks and threats to the health of the population of the Murmansk region. The various factors that are directly related to the manner, style and quality of nutrition (as well as the “weight” of these groups of factors in human life quality in the North) have been identified. It is evident the food security is important factor tightly connected with the human life quality in the Arctic. 

scholarly journals Prospects for the development of Arctic cruise tourism in the western sector of the Russian Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
A.V. Kunnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
The World ◽  
Cruise Tourism

Arctic cruise tourism is becoming more and more popular every year. With the development of tourism infrastructure, icebreaker fleet and other delivery means, the number of tourists visiting the Arctic from all over the world is growing. Arctic tourism includes not only cruises directly to the North Pole, but also cruises to the Arctic Archipelagos of Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya and voyages along the Northern Sea Route.

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