scholarly journals Foetal origins of depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of low birth weight and later depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wojcik ◽  
W. Lee ◽  
I. Colman ◽  
R. Hardy ◽  
M. Hotopf
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Trim And Fill

BackgroundThe foetal origins hypothesis suggests an association between low birth weight and later depression, yet evidence supporting this association has been inconsistent.MethodWe systematically reviewed evidence for an association between low birth weight and adult depression or psychological distress in the general population by meta-analysis. We searched EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science for studies reporting observational data with low birth weight as the exposure and self- or clinician-rated depression or psychological distress measures as an outcome. Selective studies of exposures such as famine or outcomes such as severe illness only were excluded. Altogether,1454 studies were screened for relevance, 26 were included in the qualitative synthesis, 18 were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects meta-analysis method was used to obtain a pooled estimate of effect size.ResultsThe odds of depression or psychological distress was greater for those of low birth weight (<2500 g) compared to those of normal birth weight (>2500 g) or greater [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.00–1.32]. However, this association became non-significant after trim-and-fill correction for publication bias (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92–1.27). Using meta-regression, no differences in effect size were observed by gender, outcome measure of depression or psychological distress, or whether the effect size was adjusted for possible confounders.ConclusionsWe found evidence to support a weak association between low birth weight and later depression or psychological distress, which may be due to publication bias. It remains possible that the association may vary according to severity of symptoms or other factors.

Publication and Related Biases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jennions ◽  
Christopher J. Lortie ◽  
Michael S. Rosenberg ◽  
Hannah R. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation

This chapter discusses the increased occurrence of publication bias in the scientific literature. Publication bias is associated with the inaccurate representation of the merit of a hypothesis or idea. A strict definition is that it occurs when the published literature reports results that systematically differ from those of all studies and statistical tests conducted; the result is that false conclusions are drawn. The chapter presents five main approaches used to either detect potential narrow sense publication bias or assess how sensitive the results of a meta-analysis are to the possible exclusion. These include funnel plots, tests for relationships between effect size and sample size using nonparametric correlation or regression, trim and fill method, fail-safe numbers, and model selection.

scholarly journals Assessing and adjusting for publication bias in the relationship between anxiety and the error-related negativity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Saunders ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Neural Reactivity

Many clinical neuroscience investigations have suggested that trait anxiety is associated with increased neural reactivity to mistakes in the form of an event-related potential called the error-related negativity (ERN). Several recent meta-analyses indicated that the anxiety-ERN association was of a small-to-medium effect size, however, these prior investigations did not comprehensively adjust effect sizes for publication bias. Here, in an updated meta-analysis (k=58, N=3819), we found support for an uncorrected effect size of r =-.19, and applied a range of methods to test for and correct publication bias (trim-and-fill, PET, PEESE, Peters’ test, three-parameter selection model). The majority of bias-correction methods suggested that the correlation between anxiety and the ERN is non-zero, but smaller than the uncorrected effect size (average adjusted effect size: r =-.12, range: r =-.05 to -.18). Moderation analyses also revealed more robust effects for clinical anxiety and anxious samples characterised by worry, however, it should be noted that these larger effects were also associated with elevated indicators of publication bias relative to the overall analysis. Mixed anxiety and sub-clinical anxiety were not associated with the amplitude of the ERN. Our results suggest that the anxiety-ERN relationship survives multiple corrections for publication bias, albeit not among all sub-types and populations of anxiety. Nevertheless, only 50% of the studies included in our analysis reported significant results, indicating that future research exploring the anxiety-ERN relationship would benefit from increased statistical power.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Neo-nates with Unexplained Hyperbilirubinemia: A Systematic Re-view and Meta-Analysis Study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri ◽  
Sanaz Tavasoli ◽  
Nasrin Borumandnia ◽  
Maryam Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The prevalence and risk factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) in neonates with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia are not studied thoroughly. Since the prevalence of UTI is highly variable in different areas and countries, this study aimed to review the existing data of Iranian neonates with UTI presented with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: This study is a meta-analysis of Iranian newborns with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia. We identified all studies indexed in international (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and national (Science Information Database, Magiran) databases from 2000-2018. Search terms included: Urinary Tract Infections OR UTI AND urine OR culture OR microbio, jaundice OR icter OR hyperbili, AND Iran. Results: Overall, 4210 neonates from 17 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of UTI in neonates with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia was 6.81% (95% CI: 4.86-8.77). Considering the subgroups analyses; the prevalence of UTI was higher in the prolonged vs. not-prolonged state (8.34% vs. 4.00%), low birth weight vs. normal birth weight (7.81% vs. 4.51%), and exclusive vs. non-exclusive breastfeeding (8.84% vs. 4.72%). Male gender and low birth weight increased the risk of UTI about two times compared to the female gender and normal birth weight, respectively. The results of the analyses in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia also showed the above-mentioned subgroup differences.  

Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight: a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sanaz Soltani ◽  
Asma Salari-Moghaddam ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Mohammadreza Askari ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Consumption

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity Among Adult HIV Infected Peoples Receiving ART in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272199364
Author(s):  
Robel Hussen Kabthymer ◽  
Solomon Nega Techane ◽  
Temesgen Muche ◽  
Helen Ali Ewune ◽  
Semagn Mekonnen Abate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Trim And Fill

Background: Over-nutrition and diet-linked non-communicable morbidities are showing increasing trend overtime. Even if there are different factors that affect the change in BMI other than ART, several authors have reported increases in BMI among PLHIV on treatment that are equal to or surpass the general population. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adult HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia. Method: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, global health and Google scholar electronic databases were used to perform a systematic literature search. Two authors independently extracted all the necessary data using a structured data extraction format. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using I2 test. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was checked using Funnel plot and Egger’s test. Result: Two thousand seven hundred and fifty-one studies were reviewed and 13 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of 13 studies, comprising 4994 participants resulted in pooled prevalence of overweight to be 17.85% (95% CI: 12.22-23.47). Whereas, the pooled prevalence of overweight was found to be 3.90 (95% CI: 2.31-5.49) but after adjusting for publication bias using trim and fill analysis it has become 3.58 (95% CI: 2.04-5.13). Magnitude of both overweight and obesity was higher in studies conducted in Addis Ababa, studies done after 2016 and studies having sample size of less than 400, in subgroup analysis. Conclusion: The magnitude of overweight and obesity among HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia is high. There is a need to have a routine screening to PLWHA on the risk of over-nutrition in order to facilitate early detection.

scholarly journals Predictability of rotational tooth movement with orthodontic aligners comparing software-based and achieved data: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 146531252110272
Author(s):  
Despina Koletsi ◽  
Anna Iliadi ◽  
Theodore Eliades
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Enamel Reduction

Objective: To evaluate all available evidence on the prediction of rotational tooth movements with aligners. Data sources: Seven databases of published and unpublished literature were searched up to 4 August 2020 for eligible studies. Data selection: Studies were deemed eligible if they included evaluation of rotational tooth movement with any type of aligner, through the comparison of software-based and actually achieved data after patient treatment. Data extraction and data synthesis: Data extraction was done independently and in duplicate and risk of bias assessment was performed with the use of the QUADAS-2 tool. Random effects meta-analyses with effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed and the quality of the evidence was assessed through GRADE. Results: Seven articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which three contributed to meta-analyses. Overall results revealed a non-accurate prediction of the outcome for the software-based data, irrespective of the use of attachments or interproximal enamel reduction (IPR). Maxillary canines demonstrated the lowest percentage accuracy for rotational tooth movement (three studies: effect size = 47.9%; 95% CI = 27.2–69.5; P < 0.001), although high levels of heterogeneity were identified (I2: 86.9%; P < 0.001). Contrary, mandibular incisors presented the highest percentage accuracy for predicted rotational movement (two studies: effect size = 70.7%; 95% CI = 58.9–82.5; P < 0.001; I2: 0.0%; P = 0.48). Risk of bias was unclear to low overall, while quality of the evidence ranged from low to moderate. Conclusion: Allowing for all identified caveats, prediction of rotational tooth movements with aligner treatment does not appear accurate, especially for canines. Careful selection of patients and malocclusions for aligner treatment decisions remain challenging.

Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 097321792199140
Author(s):  
Rimjhim Sonowal ◽  
Anamika Jain ◽  
V. Bhargava ◽  
H.D. Khanna ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Major Congenital Malformations

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.

Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 105154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽  
Mateus de Lima Macêna ◽  
Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Santos Mello
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, Disease Severity, and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Angelo Zinellu ◽  
Arduino A. Mangoni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Red Blood Cell Distribution

The identification of biomarkers predicting disease severity and outcomes is the focus of intense research in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 infection). Ideally, such biomarkers should be easily derivable from routine tests. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the predictive role of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a routine hematological test, in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, from January 2020 to November 2020, for studies reporting data on the RDW and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, defined as severe illness or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality. Eleven studies in 4901 COVID-19 patients were selected for the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that the RDW values were significantly higher in patients with severe disease and non-survivors (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.56, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.81, p < 0.001). Heterogeneity between studies was extreme (I2 = 80.6%; p < 0.001). In sensitivity analysis, the effect size was not modified when each study was in turn removed (effect size range, between 0.47 and 0.63). The Begg’s (p = 0.53) and Egger’s tests (p = 0.52) showed no evidence of publication bias. No significant correlations were observed between SMD and age, gender, whole blood count, end point, study geographic area, or design. Our meta-analysis showed that higher RDW values are significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. This routine parameter might assist with early risk stratification in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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