Combining local knowledge and field surveys to determine status and threats to Timneh Parrots Psittacus timneh in Guinea-Bissau

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 400-412
Author(s):  
DANIEL C. LOPES ◽  
ROWAN O. MARTIN ◽  
MOHAMED HENRIQUES ◽  
HAMILTON MONTEIRO ◽  
PAULO CARDOSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Status ◽  
Line Transects

SummaryTimneh Parrots Psittacus timneh are a threatened species endemic to the moist forests of West Africa. In 2016, they were categorised as ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN Red List, due to suspected rapid population declines driven by habitat loss and heavy trapping for the pet trade. Systematic assessments of the status of populations are lacking for much of their range and addressing this knowledge shortfall has been identified as a priority action. We combined multiple research approaches to investigate the distribution, trends and threats to Timneh Parrots in Guinea Bissau, where the species is restricted to the islands of the Bijagós archipelago and Pecixe. Direct observational surveys were conducted along line transects on 19 islands. A total of 69 groups were observed on eight of these islands, with the majority (78%) seen on just two islands. Forty-two interviews were conducted with local community members on 24 islands. Interviewees reported the species to occur on 20 islands and that populations are generally perceived to have declined in recent decades. Based on these findings and existing data we conclude that Timneh Parrots occur on 22 of the 32 islands considered and estimate the national population in Guinea-Bissau to be in the order of several hundred individuals, with perhaps half of the parrots occurring on the islands of João Vieira and Meio. Investigations into the factors linked to inter-island variation in parrot densities indicate that densities are highest on the islands which are most remote from permanent human settlements. These findings suggest that human activities including habitat modification and trapping have been important in driving population declines in Guinea-Bissau. We consider the implications of these findings for the conservation of Timneh Parrots.

Notes on the genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) in South Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD V. LANSDOWN ◽  
RENE GLEN ◽  
GUSTAVO HASSEMER
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Status

Historically there has been confusion over the status and identification of Callitriche species in South Africa. Review of herbarium specimens and fieldwork have enabled confirmation of the presence of C. deflexa as a naturalised species in this country and confirmed that C. compressa and specimens named as C. bolusii are conspecific. Field surveys showed that C. compressa still occurs in the areas from which most historic collections were made with no evidence of a decline, it is widespread but local in Kwa-Zulu Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces and extends into eastern Western Cape Province. However because it is known from only five widely scattered sites, it is classed as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List. We also typify here the names C. compressa and C. deflexa.

Yellow-naped AmazonAmazona auropalliatapopulations are markedly low and rapidly declining in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY F. WRIGHT ◽  
THOMAS C. LEWIS ◽  
MARTÍN LEZAMA-LÓPEZ ◽  
GRACE SMITH-VIDAURRE ◽  
CHRISTINE R. DAHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Allee Effects ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Reproductive Rates

SummaryAccurate assessments of population sizes and trends are fundamental for effective species conservation, particularly for social and long-lived species in which low reproductive rates, aging demographic structure and Allee effects could interact to drive rapid population declines. In the parrots (Order Psittaciformes) these life history characteristics have combined with habitat loss and capture for the pet trade to lead to widespread endangerment, with over 40% of species classified under some level of threat. Here we report the results of a population survey of one such species, the Yellow-naped Amazon,Amazona auropalliata, that is classified as ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN Red List. We conducted a comprehensive survey in June and July of 2016 of 44 night roosts of the populations in contiguous Pacific lowlands of northern Costa Rica and southern Nicaragua and compared numbers in Costa Rica to those found in a similar survey conducted in June 2005. In 2016 we counted 990 birds across 25 sites surveyed in Costa Rica and 692 birds across 19 sites surveyed in Nicaragua for a total population estimate of only 1,682 birds. Comparisons of 13 sites surveyed in both 2005 and 2016 in Costa Rica showed a strong and statistically significant decline in population numbers over the 11-year period. Assessment of group sizes approaching or leaving roosts indicated that less than 25% of groups consisted of three or more birds; there was a significantly higher proportion of these putative family groups observed in Nicaragua than Costa Rica. Taken together, these results are cause for substantial concern for the health of this species in a region that has previously been considered its stronghold, and suggest that stronger conservation action should be undertaken to protect remaining populations from capture for the pet trade and loss of key habitat.

scholarly journals Analysis of two whale shark watching destinations in Indonesia: status and ecotourism potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASRIL DJUNAIDI ◽  
Jamaluddin Jompa ◽  
Nadiarti Nurdin Kadir ◽  
Ahmad Bahar ◽  
Sukirman DJ Tilahunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Abstract. Djunaidi A, Jompa J, Nadiarti N, Bahar A, Tilahunga SD, Lilienfeld D, Hani MS. 2020. Analysis of two whale shark watching destinations in Indonesia: status and ecotourism potential. Biodiversitas 21: 4511-4523. Botubarani in Gorontalo, on the northern coast of Tomini Bay and Labuhan Jambu in Teluk Saleh, Sumbawa recently became whale shark tourism destinations in Indonesia. Both sites offer visitors opportunities to interact with whale sharks, either watching from canoes or snorkelling and diving. In this study, we investigated the status and ecotourism potential of whale shark watching as a form of marine wildlife tourism development in eastern Indonesia by examining the existing operations in both sites. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to local community members and visitors to understand their perceptions, and how this opportunity was valued. Secondary data were collected to explore and understand influencing factors. Findings revealed that whale sharks commonly emerge near bagan lift-nets and other interactive areas as a response to the presence of their favorite prey, anchovies, and rebon shrimp. In general, whale sharks most commonly visit bagan lift nets and can be found in the interaction areas in the morning and stay for couple of hours before swimming away to deeper waters. Out of 119 community respondents in Labuhan Jambu village (Teluk Saleh) and Botubarani, Gorontalo, 80.7% knew about the occurrence of whale sharks in their locality. Of the 111 visitor respondents, 67.6% knew about the whale shark watching sites from word of mouth. The study results also suggest a correlation between chlorophyll-a concentration, anchovies, rebon shrimp and whale sharks. Regarding management approaches to this type of tourism, a local community-based management model is strongly recommended, with 87.4% of respondents showing interest in this approach. The roles and responsibility of local government in developing such tourism is very significant, especially with respect to facilitating appropriate competency within the local community throughout training and education, as suggested by nearly 26% of respondents.

scholarly journals Is the Martinique ground snake Erythrolamprus cursor extinct?

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Caut ◽  
Michael J. Jowers
Keyword(s):  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Rugged Terrain ◽  
South West ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

AbstractThe Caribbean Islands are a biodiversity hotspot where anthropogenic disturbances have had a significant impact, causing population declines and extinction of endemic species. The ground snake Erythrolamprus cursor is a dipsadid endemic to Martinique; it is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is known only from museum specimens. The snake was common on Martinique during the 18th and 19th centuries but there have been no reliable sightings since 1968, suggesting it may have gone extinct, probably as a result of the introduction of the small Indian mongoose Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus. However, the islet known as Diamond Rock, south-west of Martinique, is mongoose-free and the last reported sighting of E. cursor there was in 1968. The islet was last occupied during the Napoleonic Empire (the early 19th century), is now completely protected, and is difficult to access (it spans 5.8 ha, with a maximum elevation of 175 m). We conducted the first extensive survey of the islet, over 10 days, to clarifty the status of E. cursor. Our study revealed that unique conditions exist on Diamond Rock (i.e. aridity and a distinct potential prey community) and that E. cursor would have had to modify its ecology to persist on the islet. Although the rugged terrain of Diamond Rock makes it difficult to explore, it is probable that E. cursor is now extinct.

A review of the status of the Western polecat Mustela putorius: a neglected and declining species?

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Croose ◽  
J.W. Duckworth ◽  
Sandrine Ruette ◽  
Dmitry V. Skumatov ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Kolesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
The Status ◽  
Declining Species

Abstract The Western polecat Mustela putorius has a widespread European distribution and is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Reports are increasing of polecat population declines in several countries, although a paucity of data means population trends are poorly understood. This paper reviews and summarises information on the polecat’s status and range-wide population trends. Information and opinion were gathered for 34 countries, from individuals and organisations studying polecats and from reviewing the literature and national Red Lists. Where trends were identified, the polecat population is known or suspected to be declining in 20 countries, reported to be stable in five countries, stable or increasing in one country, and increasing in two countries. For many countries, data are so limited in quantity or spatial scale, or at risk of bias, that trends could not be identified or confidence in trend assessments is low. The main drivers of polecat decline are poorly understood, but might include habitat degradation; changes in prey availability; competition with invasive carnivores; poisoning; conflict with human interests; harvesting and killing of polecats; and hybridisation. Robust survey methods and systematic monitoring programmes are urgently needed to gather up-to-date data on polecat population trends across the species’ range.

scholarly journals Trade, status and management of three parrots in the North Moluccas, Indonesia: White Cockatoo Cacatua alba, Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus and Violet–eared Lory Eos squamata

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Fair Division ◽  
Habitat Conservation ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

SummaryBetween October 1991 and February 1992 field surveys on the status of parrots in the North Moluccas were conducted on Obi, Bacan and Halmahera, with principal focus on three significantly traded species, White Cockatoo Cacatua alba, Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus and Violet-necked Lory Eos squamata. Variable circular plots and variable-distance line transects were used to estimate minimum and maximum population densities at each of 18 sites. C. alba and L. garrulus preferred forest, the former largely confined to lowlands to 600 m, the latter occurring more in hilly areas to at least 1,300 m. E. squamata frequented all habitat types, being commoner in disturbed habitats though rarer at higher altitudes. Minimum populations (the first two being global) were 50,000, 46,000 and 66,000 respectively, and minimum estimated captures in 1991 5,120, 9,600 and 2,850, indicating overexploitation of the first two species. To ensure sustainability, total annual catch quotas should be reduced to 1,710, 810 and 1,590 respectively and allow for fair division between islands. Training, enforcement, monitoring, research and habitat conservation are all needed.

On the road to extinction? The status of elephant Loxodonta africana in Guinea Bissau and western Guinea, West Africa

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Iacouba Badjinca ◽  
Cristina Silva ◽  
Abubacar Serra ◽  
Mamadou Barry
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
West African ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Road ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Status ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
On The Road

We carried out a nationwide survey of elephant Loxodonta africana in Guinea Bissau, a small West African country for which records of elephant are limited. We also investigated parts of western Guinea along the border with Guinea Bissau likely to harbour a transboundary elephant population. Standardized interviews with hunters were held in 110 villages in Guinea Bissau and 60 villages in Guinea, and field surveys were carried out to validate interviewee responses. Results suggest that elephants are mainly restricted to an area between the Corubal River (Guinea Bissau) and the Kogon River (Guinea) and that elephants occur only seasonally in Guinea. Based on the number, geographical localization and interpretation of observed tracks, our estimate of the minimum number of elephants in Guinea Bissau is 4–10 animals. We did not observe any signs of young elephants. The most immediate threat to elephants is a road scheme between Guinea Bissau and Guinea that cuts through elephant range. The future of elephants in this region depends on the capacity of the two countries to manage their common elephant population jointly. In particular, the creation of a transboundary park is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Range contractions in the Critically Endangered Seychelles terrapins (Pelusios spp.)

Oryx ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gerlach ◽  
L. Canning
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Captive Breeding Programme ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Wetland Habitats

AbstractThe status of the Seychelles endemic terrapins is reviewed based on field-surveys. Pelusios castanoides intergularis and P. subniger parietalis are confined to a small number of marshes and rivers. All the sites occupied are limited in area (<4.5 ha) and under threat from drainage, predation and invasion by alien water plants. The smallest populations are unlikely to be viable in the long-term. Both species can be categorized as Critically Endangered using the IUCN Red List categories, with highly restricted ranges (2.89 and 6.02 ha for P. castanoides and P. subniger, respectively) that have decreased by over 50 per cent in recent years. Conservation of these species requires both the protection of wetland habitats and the establishment of new populations in protected areas. A captive breeding programme has been established with the aim of reintroducing juveniles into secure reserves. The endemic species P. seychellensis may be extinct.

DIFFUSION AND ADOPTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SOUTH AFRICAN TELECENTRES: SELECTED TELECENTRES IN KWAZULU-NATAL

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
The Government ◽  
Types Of Information

This study investigated the usage and types of information and communications technologies (ICTs) accessible to community members in four selected Thusong Service Centres (TSCs or telecentres) in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The telecentres that participated in the study were: Nhlazuka, Mbazwane, Dududu and Malangeni. The study was informed by Rogers’ (1995) Diffusion of Innovations (DoI) theory. Through a survey, four TSCs were purposively selected. A questionnaire was used to collect data from community members in the four telecentres involved. The data collected was tabulated under the various headings and presented using tables, frequencies, percentiles and generalisations with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that a variety of ICT tools have been adopted in the TSCs to provide the local community with the much-needed access to information and improved communication. The government should ensure that adequate varieties and levels of ICT competence are offered to all the citizens. In conclusion, there is a need for sufficient and coherent government policies regulating the training of the local community to use these ICTs effectively.

Medicine between Cultures in the Hellenistic Fayum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel King
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Medical Culture ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Local Health Care ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
Medical Documents ◽  
Medical Treatises

This paper looks into the relationship between Greek medicine and Egyptian culture in Tebtynis. Cultural interaction in this context has often been interpreted from a perspective that privileges the status of Greek culture: Hellenistic medical treatises (and other texts) were imported to Tebtynis to ‘improve’ the local community and local health-care. This paper looks at two aspects of Greek medical culture at the site: theoretical Hippokratic treatises and pharmaceutical recipes. These medical documents were associated with the Egyptian community in the village, especially the famous sanctuary of Soknebtynis. Analysis suggests that these documents were part of a medical culture that transcended cultural or ethnic divides; there is, this paper argues, considerable evidence for the co-existence of Greek medicine and Egyptian religious practice and ritual life.

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