Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Atmospherically Relevant Monoterpene-Derived Organic Nitrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Wang ◽  
Ivan R. Piletic ◽  
Masayuki Takeuchi ◽  
Tianchang Xu ◽  
Stefan France ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Hydrolysis of nitrite esters: putative intermediates in the biotransformation of organic nitrates

1994 ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Buckell ◽  
Jeffrey D. Hartry ◽  
Umarani Rajalingam ◽  
Brian M. Bennett ◽  
Ralph A. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Gas–particle partitioning and hydrolysis of organic nitrates formed from the oxidation of <i>α</i>-pinene in environmental chamber experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 2175-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Bean ◽  
Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Decay Rate ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Hydrolysis Rates ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Seed Aerosol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract. Gas–particle partitioning and hydrolysis of organic nitrates (ON) influences their role as sinks and sources of NOx and their effects on the formation of tropospheric ozone and organic aerosol (OA). In this work, organic nitrates were formed from the photo-oxidation of α-pinene in environmental chamber experiments under different conditions. Particle-phase ON hydrolysis rates, consistent with observed ON decay, exhibited a nonlinear dependence on relative humidity (RH): an ON decay rate of 2 day−1 was observed when the RH ranged between 20 and 60 %, and no significant ON decay was observed at RH lower than 20 %. In experiments when the highest observed RH exceeded the deliquescence RH of the ammonium sulfate seed aerosol, the particle-phase ON decay rate was as high as 7 day−1 and more variable. The ON gas–particle partitioning was dependent on total OA concentration and temperature, consistent with absorptive partitioning theory. In a volatility basis set, the ON partitioning was consistent with mass fractions of [0 0.11 0.03 0.86] at saturation mass concentrations (C*) of [1 10 100 1000] µg m−3.

scholarly journals Observations of total RONO<sub>2</sub> over the boreal forest: NO<sub>x</sub> sinks and HNO<sub>3</sub> sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4543-4562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Browne ◽  
K.-E. Min ◽  
P. J. Wooldridge ◽  
E. Apel ◽  
D. R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Atmospheric Lifetime ◽  
Isoprene Nitrates ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract. In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO3 formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO2 (ΣANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questions concerning the chemical lifetime and ultimate fate of ΣANs. We present observations of nitrogen oxides and organic molecules collected over the Canadian boreal forest during the summer which show that ΣANs account for ~20% of total oxidized nitrogen and that their instantaneous production rate is larger than that of HNO3. This confirms the primary role of reactions producing ΣANs as a control over the lifetime of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in remote, continental environments. However, HNO3 is generally present in larger concentrations than ΣANs indicating that the atmospheric lifetime of ΣANs is shorter than the HNO3 lifetime. We investigate a range of proposed loss mechanisms that would explain the inferred lifetime of ΣANs finding that in combination with deposition, two processes are consistent with the observations: (1) rapid ozonolysis of isoprene nitrates where at least ~40% of the ozonolysis products release NOx from the carbon backbone and/or (2) hydrolysis of particulate organic nitrates with HNO3 as a product. Implications of these ideas for our understanding of NOx and NOy budget in remote and rural locations are discussed.

scholarly journals Observations of total RONO<sub>2</sub> over the boreal forest: NO<sub>x</sub> sinks and HNO<sub>3</sub> sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Browne ◽  
K.-E. Min ◽  
P. J. Wooldridge ◽  
E. Apel ◽  
D. R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Atmospheric Lifetime ◽  
Isoprene Nitrates ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract. In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO3 formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO2 (ΣANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questions concerning the chemical lifetime and ultimate fate of ΣANs. We present observations of nitrogen oxides and organic molecules collected over the Canadian boreal forest during the summer that show that ΣANs account for ~ 20% of total oxidized nitrogen and that their instantaneous production rate is larger than that of HNO3. This confirms the primary role of reactions producing ΣANs as a control over the lifetime of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in remote, continental environments. However, HNO3 is generally present in larger concentrations than ΣANs indicating that the atmospheric lifetime of ΣANs is shorter than the HNO3 lifetime. We investigate a range of proposed loss mechanisms that would explain the inferred lifetime of ΣANs finding that in combination with deposition, two processes are consistent with the observations: (1) rapid ozonolysis of isoprene nitrates where at least ~ 40% of the ozonolysis products release NOx from the carbon backbone and/or (2) hydrolysis of particulate organic nitrates with HNO3 as a product. Implications of these ideas for our understanding of NOx and NOy budget in remote and rural locations are discussed.

Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of Atmospherically Relevant Isoprene-Derived Hydroxy Epoxides

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (17) ◽  
pp. 6718-6723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Cole-Filipiak ◽  
Alison E. O’Connor ◽  
Matthew J. Elrod
Keyword(s):  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

scholarly journals Hydrolysis and gas-particle partitioning of organic nitrates formed from the oxidation of α-pinene in environmental chamber experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 20629-20653 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Bean ◽  
L. Hildebrandt Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract. Gas-particle partitioning and hydrolysis of organic nitrates (ON) influences their role as sinks and sources of NOx and their effects on the formation of tropospheric ozone and organic aerosol (OA). Organic nitrates were formed from the photo-oxidation of α-pinene in environmental chamber experiments under varying conditions. A hydrolysis rate of 2 day−1 was found for particle-phase ONs at a relative humidity of 22 % or higher; no significant ON hydrolysis was observed at lower relative humidity. The ON gas-particle partitioning is dependent on total OA concentration and temperature, consistent with absorptive partitioning theory. In a volatility basis set the ON partitioning is consistent with mass fractions of [0 0.19 0.29 0.52] at saturations mass concentrations (C*) of [1 10 100 1000] μg m−3.

scholarly journals Hydrolysis of Organic Nitrates

Nature ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 166 (4212) ◽  
pp. 156-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. BAKER ◽  
D. M. EASTY
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fine Structural Localization of Acyltransferases Involved in Lipid Synthesis in Intestinal Mucosa.

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
R. J. Barrnett ◽  
J. A. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

The main products of intestinal hydrolysis of dietary triglycerides are free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These form micelles from which the lipids are absorbed across the mucosal cell brush border. Biochemical studies have indicated that intestinal mucosal cells possess a triglyceride synthesising system, which uses monoglyceride directly as an acylacceptor as well as the system found in other tissues in which alphaglycerophosphate is the acylacceptor. The former pathway is used preferentially for the resynthesis of triglyceride from absorbed lipid, while the latter is used mainly for phospholipid synthesis. Both lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons. Morphological studies have shown that during fat absorption there is an initial appearance of fat droplets within the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and that these subsequently accumulate in the golgi elements from which they are released at the lateral borders of the cell as chylomicrons.We have recently developed several methods for the fine structural localization of acyltransferases dependent on the precipitation, in an electron dense form, of CoA released during the transfer of the acyl group to an acceptor, and have now applied these methods to a study of the fine structural localization of the enzymes involved in chylomicron lipid biosynthesis. These methods are based on the reduction of ferricyanide ions by the free SH group of CoA.

Lattice imaging and pore structure of β ferric oxyhydroxide

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
T. Baird ◽  
J.R. Fryer ◽  
S.T. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Ferric Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Introduction Previously we had suggested (l) that the striations observed in the pod shaped crystals of β FeOOH were an artefact of imaging in the electron microscope. Contrary to this adsorption measurements on bulk material had indicated the presence of some porosity and Gallagher (2) had proposed a model structure - based on the hollandite structure - showing the hollandite rods forming the sides of 30Å pores running the length of the crystal. Low resolution electron microscopy by Watson (3) on sectioned crystals embedded in methylmethacrylate had tended to support the existence of such pores.We have applied modern high resolution techniques to the bulk crystals and thin sections of them without confirming these earlier postulatesExperimental β FeOOH was prepared by room temperature hydrolysis of 0.01M solutions of FeCl3.6H2O, The precipitate was washed, dried in air, and embedded in Scandiplast resin. The sections were out on an LKB III Ultramicrotome to a thickness of about 500Å.

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