In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics for Different Ratios of Soluble to Insoluble Dietary Fiber by Fresh Fecal Microbiota from Growing Pigs

Prebiotic dietary fiber supplements are commonly consumed to help meet fiber recommendations and improve gastrointestinal health by stimulating beneficial bacteria and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), molecules beneficial to host health. The objective of this research project was to compare potential prebiotic effects and fermentability of five commonly consumed fibers using an in vitro fermentation system measuring changes in fecal microbiota, total gas production and formation of common SCFAs. Fecal donations were collected from three healthy volunteers. Materials analyzed included: pure beta-glucan, Oatwell (commercially available oat-bran containing 22% oat β-glucan), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), WholeFiber (dried chicory root containing inulin, pectin, and hemi/celluloses), and pure inulin. Oatwell had the highest production of propionate at 12 h (4.76 μmol/mL) compared to inulin, WholeFiber and XOS samples (p<0.03). Oatwell’s effect was similar to those of the pure beta-glucan samples, both samples promoted the highest mean propionate production at 24 h. XOS resulted in a significant increase in the genus Bifidobacterium after 24 h of fermentation (0 h: 0.67 OTUs; 24 h: 5.22 OTUs; p = 0.038). Inulin and WholeFiber increased the beneficial genus Collinsella, consistent with findings in clinical studies. All analyzed compounds were fermentable and promoted the formation of beneficial SCFAs.

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Sources of Dietary Fiber Affect the SCFA Production and Absorption in the Hindgut of Growing Pigs

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.719935 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Bai ◽

Xingjian Zhou ◽

Jinbiao Zhao ◽

Zhenyu Wang ◽

Hao Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Oat Bran ◽

Sh Group ◽

Beet Pulp

Effects of different dietary fiber (DF) sources on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and absorption in the hindgut of growing pigs were studied by an in vivo–vitro (ileal cannulated pigs and fecal inoculum-based fermentation) method. Thirty-six cannulated pigs (body weight: 48.5 ± 2.1 kg) were randomly allocated to 6 treatments containing the same DF content (16.5%), with either wheat bran (WB), corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), oat bran (OB), soybean hulls (SH), or rice bran (RB) as DF sources. Pigs were allowed 15 days for diet adaptation, and then, fresh ileal digesta and feces were collected to determine SCFA concentration which was normalized for food dry matter intake (DMI) and the hindgut DF fermentability. Fecal microbiota was inoculated into the freeze-dried ileal digesta samples to predict the ability of SCFA production and absorption in the hindgut by in vitro fermentation. The SH group had the largest concentration of total SCFA and propionate in ileal digesta and fecal samples of growing pigs (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the predicted acetate, total SCFA production, absorption in the SBP group were the highest (p < 0.01), but the lowest in the OB group (p < 0.01) among all groups. Even SBP and OB group had a similar ratio of soluble DF (SDF) to insoluble DF (IDF). The CB group had high determined ileal and fecal butyrate concentration but the lowest butyrate production and absorption in the hindgut (p < 0.01). Overall, the source of DF had a great impact on the hindgut SCFA production and absorption, and SBP fiber had a great potential to increase hindgut SCFA production and absorption.

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162 The interactions between dietary fiber and lipid sources alter the predicted production and absorption of caecal and colorectal volatile fatty acids in growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 91-91

Author(s):

Saymore Petros Ndou ◽

Elijah Kiarie ◽

Maria Walsh ◽

Cornelis de Lange ◽

C Martin Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Beef Tallow ◽

Acid Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

Abstract A combination of in vivo and in vitro fermentation methodologies was used to determine the interactive effects of dietary fiber (DF) and lipid types on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and absorption, and organic matter (OM) fermentability in the cecum and colorectal tract of pigs. Eight ileal- and caecal-cannulated Yorkshire barrows were fed either pectin- or cellulose-containing diets that were supplemented with either corn oil or beef tallow in two independent Youden squares with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 6). Ileal and caecal digesta were collected, freeze-dried and fermented using inoculum from fresh caecal digesta and feces, respectively, to determine VFA production and absorption, and fermentability of OM. There were interactions (P < 0.001) between DF and lipid types observed in which the addition of corn oil increased the quantity of caecal and colorectal acetic acid production and caecal acetic absorption, caecal butyric production, predicted caecal OM fermentability, and the predicted colorectal propionic acid in pectin diets but did not have effects in cellulose diets. The addition of beef tallow increased (P < 0.001) the production of caecal butyric and propionic acids during in vitro fermentation in cellulose diets and fermentability of OM in pectin diets. The interactions between DF and lipids on gastrointestinal fermentation largely depends on the degree of saturation of fatty acids in dietary lipids. The addition of beef tallow selectively decreased the production and absorption of individual SCFA in pectin and cellulose diets but increased caecal butyric and propionic acid production in cellulose diets and the fermentability of OM in pectin diets.

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Xylan alleviates dietary fiber deprivation-induced dysbiosis by selectively promoting Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in pigs

Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s40168-021-01175-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhenyu Wang ◽

Yu Bai ◽

Yu Pi ◽

Walter J. J. Gerrits ◽

Sonja de Vries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Positive Association ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Gut Health ◽

Gut Dysbiosis

Abstract Background Low dietary fiber intake has been shown to disturb the gut microbiome community, damage the mucus barrier, and promote pathogen susceptibility. However, little is known about the temporal response of the gut microbiome to dietary fiber deprivation and the recovery induced by dietary fiber inclusion in pigs. Objective In the present study, temporal responses of ileal and fecal microbiota to dietary fiber deprivation were profiled using an ileum cannulated growing pig model. In addition, the potential of dietary-resistant starch, β-glucan, and xylan to alleviate gut dysbiosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract, as well as its possible mechanisms were investigated. Methods Six cannulated growing pigs were fed a fiber deprivation diet for 35 days. Ileal digesta and feces were collected at days 0, 7, 21, and 35 for 16S rRNA sequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) determination. Another twenty-four healthy growing pigs were assigned to one of four dietary treatments including (1) fiber-free diet, (2) resistant starch diet, (3) β-glucan diet, and (4) xylan diet. These twenty-four pigs were fed a corresponding diet for 35 days and slaughtered. Gut microbiome and SCFA concentration were profiled along the gastrointestinal tract. Results Dietary fiber deprivation-induced consistent microbiota extinction, mainly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and decreased SCFA concentrations in both ileum and feces. The community structure partially recovered at day 35 compared with baseline while SCFA concentrations remained low. Xylan supplementation alleviated gut dysbiosis by selectively promoting Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum within the large intestine. SCFA concentration increased significantly after xylan supplementation and exhibited a positive association with B. pseudocatenulatum abundance. An elevated abundance of xylan degradation-related enzyme genes was also observed in the gut microbiome after xylan supplementation. In vitro growth assay further verified the xylan utilization capacity of B. pseudocatenulatum. Conclusions Dietary fiber deprivation could induce probiotic extinction and loss of the SCFA production while potential pathogen was promoted. Xylan intervention could partially restore dietary fiber deprivation-induced gut dysbiosis through selectively promoting B. pseudocatenulatum and therefore normalizing the gut environment. These findings collectively provide evidence that dietary fiber-driven microbiota metabolism bridges the interplay between microbiome and gut health.

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In vitro starch digestibility, edible quality and microstructure of instant rice noodles enriched with rice bran insoluble dietary fiber

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 111008

Author(s):

Tengnu Liu ◽

Kang Wang ◽

Wei Xue ◽

Li Wang ◽

Congnan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Starch Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Starch Digestibility ◽

Insoluble Dietary Fiber

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Dietary Fiber Modulates the Fermentation Patterns of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside in a Fiber-Type Dependent Manner

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1386

Author(s):

Zixin Yang ◽

Ting Huang ◽

Ping Li ◽

Jian Ai ◽

Jiaxin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Gas Volume

The interactions between cell-wall polysaccharides and polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract have attracted extensive attention. We hypothesized that dietary fiber modulates the fermentation patterns of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in a fiber-type-dependent manner. In the present study, the effects of four dietary fibers (fructose-oligosaccharides, pectin, β-glucan and arabinoxylan) on the modulation of C3G fermentation patterns were investigated through in vitro fermentation inoculated with human feces. The changes in gas volume, pH, total carbohydrate content, metabolites of C3G, antioxidant activity, and microbial community distribution during in vitro fermentation were analyzed. After 24 h of fermentation, the gas volume and total carbohydrate contents of the four dietary-fiber-supplemented groups respectively increased and decreased to varying degrees. The results showed that the C3G metabolites after in vitro fermentation mainly included cyanidin, protocatechuic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde. Supplementation of dietary fibers changed the proportions of C3G metabolites depending on the structures. Dietary fibers increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and the relative abundance of gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, thus potentially maintaining colonic health to a certain extent. In conclusion, the used dietary fibers modulate the fermentation patterns of C3G in a fiber-type-dependent manner.

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In vitro fermentation of six kinds of edible mushrooms and its effects on fecal microbiota composition

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 627-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ruiqiu Zhao ◽

Wenjian Yang ◽

Fei Pei ◽

Liyan Zhao ◽

Qiuhui Hu

Keyword(s):

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Edible Mushrooms ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

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A Small In Vitro Fermentation Model for Screening the Gut Microbiota Effects of Different Fiber Preparations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20081925 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1925 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tsitko ◽

Wiik-Miettinen ◽

Mattila ◽

Rosa-Sibakov ◽

Maukonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Model ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate

The development of prebiotic fibers requires fast high-throughput screening of their effects on the gut microbiota. We demonstrated the applicability of a mictotiter plate in the in vitro fermentation models for the screening of potentially-prebiotic dietary fibers. The effects of seven rye bran-, oat- and linseed-derived fiber preparations on the human fecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production were studied. The model was also used to study whether fibers can alleviate the harmful effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate on the microbiota. The antibiotic induced a shift in the bacterial community in the absence of fibers by decreasing the relative amounts of Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and increasing proteobacterial Sutterilaceae levels from 1% to 11% of the total microbiota. The fermentation of rye bran, enzymatically treated rye bran, its insoluble fraction, soluble oat fiber and a mixture of rye fiber:soluble oat fiber:linseed resulted in a significant increase in butyrate production and a bifidogenic effect in the absence of the antibiotic. These fibers were also able to counteract the negative effects of the antibiotic and prevent the decrease in the relative amount of bifidobacteria. Insoluble and soluble rye bran fractions and soluble oat fiber were the best for controlling the level of proteobacteria at the level below 2%.

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