Supporting Experts’ Written Knowledge Communication Through Reflective Prompts on the Use of Specialist Concepts

2007 ◽  
Vol 215 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Jucks ◽  
Petra Schulte-Löbbert ◽  
Rainer Bromme
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Reflection Process ◽  
Reflection Phase ◽  
Focus Condition ◽  
Reflective Prompts ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Knowledge Communication

Communicating expert knowledge to a lay addressee in writing is a demanding task that requires a great deal of mental effort. This article reports on a study in which experts were prompted to reflect either on a text they had produced (content focus condition) or on its comprehensibility to a layperson (recipient focus condition). A software tool highlighted the specialist terms or concepts used by the expert writers and guided the reflection process. Subsequent to this reflection phase, writers had the opportunity to revise their texts. Experts in the recipient focus condition significantly expanded their texts and made more meaningful revisions. For example, they were more likely than experts in the content focus condition to explain central concepts in their revision. Results are discussed from the perspective of writing theories and in terms of their practical implications for written knowledge communication.

scholarly journals Active Learning Through Discussion: ICAP Framework for Education in Health Professions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeseo Lim ◽  
Hyunwoong Ko ◽  
Jiwon Yang ◽  
Songeui Kim ◽  
Seunghee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Interactive Engagement ◽  
Self Study ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Background The ICAP framework based on Cognitive Science posits four modes of cognitive engagement: Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive. Focusing on the wider applicability of discussion as interactive engagement in medical education, we investigated the effect of discussion when self-study preceded it and further investigated the effect of generating questions before discussions. Methods This study was conducted in the second semester of 2018, and 129 students majoring in health professions, including medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and nursing, participated. The students were assigned into four different trial groups, who were asked to fill out a Subjective Mental Effort Questionnaire after completing each session. Their performance in post-test scores and their mental efforts were analyzed. Results A Bonferroni test for group comparison indicated that the self-study and question-generated group had the highest performance and that the lecture and question-received group had the lowest performance when comparing the total score. By using a mediation model, it was confirmed that the participants who showed a higher level of testing mental effort also showed higher levels of studying and discussion mental effort. Conclusions Our findings support the ICAP framework and provide practical implications for medical education, representing the fact that students learn more when they are involved in active learning activities, such as self-study and question generation, prior to discussions.

Means-ends based know-how mapping

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Sturm ◽  
Daniel Gross ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Eric Yu
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Know How ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Prototype Tool ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on research that aims to make knowledge, and in particular know-how, more easily accessible to both academic and industrial communities, as well as to the general public. The paper proposes a novel approach to map out know-how information, so all knowledge stakeholders are able to contribute to the knowledge and expertise accumulation, as well as using that knowledge for research and applying expertise to address problems. Design/methodology/approach This research followed a design science approach in which mapping of the know-how information was done by the research team and then tested with graduate students. During this research, the mapping approach was continuously evaluated and refined, and mapping guidelines and a prototype tool were developed. Findings Following an evaluation with graduate students, it was found that the know-how maps produced were easy to follow, allowed continuous evolution, facilitated easy modification through provided modularity capabilities, further supported reasoning about know-how and overall provided adequate expressiveness. Furthermore, we applied the approach with various domains and found that it was a good fit for its purpose across different knowledge domains. Practical implications This paper argues that mapping out know-how within research and industry communities can further improve resource (knowledge) utilization, reduce the phenomena of “re-inventing the wheel” and further create linkage across communities. Originality/value With the qualities mentioned above, know-how maps can both ease and support the increase of access to expert knowledge to various communities, and thus, promote re-use and expansion of knowledge for various purposes. Having an explicit representation of know-how further encourages innovation, as knowledge from various domains can be mapped, searched and reasoned, and gaps can be identified and filled.

Assessing the dynamics of knowledge transfer between masters and apprentices

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Optimum Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Training Path ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper concentrates on the deployment of asymmetric evolutionary game theory to reveal how innovative organizations best effect knowledge sharing by aligning the incentivized desire of masters to share their expert knowledge with the self-interest of apprentices who are highly motivated to accept that knowledge on an accelerated training path. These insights improve the strategic capacity of human resources teams to add value to their organization by encouraging the optimum form of knowledge transfer between masters and apprentices. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

scholarly journals Eliciting experts’ knowledge in emergency response organizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Okechukwu Okoli ◽  
Gordon Weller ◽  
John Watt
Keyword(s):  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Elicitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Elicitation Study ◽  
Structured Knowledge ◽  
Fire Stations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Fire Ground

Purpose – Experienced fire ground commanders are known to make decisions in time-pressured and dynamic environments. The purpose of this paper is to report some of the tacit knowledge and skills expert firefighters use in performing complex fire ground tasks. Design/methodology/approach – This study utilized a structured knowledge elicitation tool, known as the critical decision method (CDM), to elicit expert knowledge. Totally, 17 experienced firefighters were interviewed in-depth using a semi-structured CDM interview protocol. The CDM protocol was analysed using the emergent themes analysis approach. Findings – Findings from the CDM protocol reveal both the salient cues sought, which the authors termed critical cue inventory (CCI), and the goals pursued by the fire ground commanders at each decision point. The CCI is categorized into five classes based on the type of information each cue generates to the incident commanders. Practical implications – Since the CDM is a useful tool for identifying training needs, this study discussed the practical implications for transferring experts’ knowledge to novice firefighters. Originality/value – Although many authors recognize that experts perform exceptionally well in their domains of practice, the difficulty still lies in getting a structured method for unmasking experts’ tacit knowledge. This paper is therefore relevant as it presents useful findings following a naturalistic knowledge elicitation study that was conducted across different fire stations in the UK and Nigeria.

scholarly journals EHreact: Extended Hasse Diagrams for the Extraction and Scoring of Enzymatic Reaction Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Heid ◽  
Samuel Goldman ◽  
Karthik Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Connor W. Coley ◽  
Christoph Flamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Hasse Diagrams ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
The Given

Data-driven computer-aided synthesis planning utilizing organic or biocatalyzed reactions from large databases has gained increasing interest in the last decade, sparking the development of numerous tools to extract, apply and score general reaction templates. The generation of reaction rules for enzymatic reactions is especially challenging, since substrate promiscuity varies between enzymes, causing the optimal levels of rule specificity and optimal number of included atoms to differ between enzymes. This complicates an automated extraction from databases and has promoted the creation of manually curated reaction rule sets. Here we present EHreact, a purely data-driven open-source software tool to extract and score reaction rules from sets of reactions known to be catalyzed by an enzyme at appropriate levels of specificity without expert knowledge. EHreact extracts and groups reaction rules into tree-like structures, Hasse diagrams, based on common substructures in the imaginary transition structures. Each diagram can be utilized to output a single or a set of reaction rules, as well as calculate the probability of a new substrate to be processed by the given enzyme by inferring information about the reactive site of the enzyme from the known reactions and their grouping in the template tree. EHreact heuristically predicts the activity of a given enzyme on a new substrate, outperforming current approaches in accuracy and functionality.

Mapping customer experience: a taxonomical study using bibliometric visualization

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranay Sindhu ◽  
Kumkum Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Taxonomical Study

Purpose This study aims to examine the trends and themes in the field of customer experience using a bibliometric analysis between 1957 and 2017. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses 1,767 papers selected from Web of Science (WoS) database using VOS Viewer software tool to create bibliometric networks. The results of the study were classified under the following bibliometric indicators: evaluation of the number of studies analyzed; most cited documents; most influential authors; and highly influential journals, institutions and countries with the highest productivity. Additionally, the paper also presents three co-citation studies analyzing most co-cited references, first authors and journals. Findings Authors and institutes from the American and European countries dominate the contribution to the development of the field. The presence of Asian countries signifies the rising importance being given to the research field. The findings establish the argument that most of the ideas that follow today in the development of the field are mostly sourced from the works published in highly reputed journals. Co-citation analysis indicates the presence of multi-disciplinarity in the research field with journals representing different research areas such as management, strategy and psychology. Research limitations/implications The papers analyzed in the study were retrieved only from the WoS. Furthermore, the precise number of clusters obtained during the analysis depends on the parameter set by the authors which is subjective. Researchers are encouraged to draw further insights by manipulating the parameter criteria. Practical implications The findings in the study can be used to enrich the understanding of customer experience and future research on the topic. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first comprehensive papers offering a general overview of the leading trends in the field over a period of 60 years.

scholarly journals Qualitative Approach to Environmental Risk Assessment in Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5494
Author(s):  
Zdenek Dvorak ◽  
David Rehak ◽  
Andrej David ◽  
Zoran Cekerevac
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Global Model ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Basic Part

The purpose of this paper is to present the development of a qualitative approach to environmental risk assessment (QAERA) in transport. The approach is described as a model developed for the future software tool which will be utilizable as a risk decision support system. The basic part is aimed on developing a quantitative environmental risk assessment. Thus, this paper describes a set of 6 pillars of safety and security. Accordingly, the paper contains both chosen safety and security indicators and selected criteria for assessing the risk of launching the environmental change of global model thinking in the transport sector. The environmental risk assessment as a global model of thinking was originally based on historical experience but, nowadays, it is changing. Based on new expert knowledge, more precisely, on input of new global data, paper displays an environmental risk assessment with actual interpretation. The discussion of the paper is oriented to support research results, a new knowledge-oriented approach to global climate changes, using suitable risk assessment methods and technics. The result of the paper is a new approach for the modeling of environmental risk assessment in the transport sector.

scholarly journals Active Learning Through Discussion: ICAP Framework for Education in Health Professions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeseo Lim ◽  
Hyunwoong Ko ◽  
Jiwon Yang ◽  
Songeui Kim ◽  
Seunghee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Question Generation ◽  
Interactive Engagement ◽  
Self Study ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Background The ICAP framework based on Cognitive Science posits four modes of cognitive engagement: Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive. Focusing on the wider applicability of discussion as interactive engagement in medical education, we investigated the effect of discussion when self-study preceded it and further investigated the effect of generating questions before discussions. Methods This study was conducted in the second semester of 2018, and 129 students majoring in health professions, including medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and nursing, participated. The students were assigned into four different trial groups, who were asked to fill out a Subjective Mental Effort Questionnaire after completing each session. Their performance in post-test scores and their mental efforts were analyzed. Results These results indicated that the self-study and question group had the highest performance and that the lecture and summary group had the lowest performance when comparing the total score. Using the analysis of mental effort, it was confirmed that the participants who showed higher levels of mental effort also showed higher levels of studying and discussion. Conclusions Our findings support the ICAP framework and provide practical implications for medical education, representing the fact that students learn more when they are involved in active learning activities, such as self-study and question generation, prior to discussions.

An OD approach to leadership development: questions and consequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Wiggins ◽  
Janet Smallwood
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organisation Development ◽  
Expert Power ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Health Leadership ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of ideas and practice from Organisation Development to the creation of a leadership development programme, based in a UK Business School. When leadership development is constructed as a personal and relational endeavour, rather than using competences to create identikit heroes, faculty need to draw less on the espoused certainties of “expert” power and adapt their teaching style and language. Design/methodology/approach This case study of an ongoing Masters programme in health leadership, draws on external evaluation data and action research. Findings The paper’s prime contribution is as a conceptual stimulus to rethink leadership development programmes based on OD. Practical implications The practical implications could be far reaching if business schools want to offer an alternative to perpetuating heroic, individualist models of leadership. Social implications As leaders take charge of their own learning, as much as their leading, faculty become powerful participants and draw on OD skills rather than those of expert knowledge. Originality/value The paper thus offers a practical example with evaluation of how leadership development can be redesigned congruent with seeing leadership as a socially constructed, relational, dynamic and context specific.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document