Spotting the “Ideal” Personality Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Angus W. Hughes ◽  
Patrick D. Dunlop ◽  
Djurre Holtrop ◽  
Serena Wee
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Job Conditions ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
Job Context ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract. Forced choice (FC) personality questionnaires attempt to constrain job applicants from presenting idealized responses (or “faking”). FC questionnaires are designed by identifying items equally desirable in applicants, matching these into “blocks,” and instructing respondents to rank the items “most like” themselves. Nonetheless, how closely items should be matched remains unclear, and desirability seems dependent on the job. We investigated how strongly respondents ( N = 436) agreed regarding the “ideal” applicant response, while varying (a) how closely items were matched into blocks and (b) the job context. While the most closely matched blocks elicited slight agreement on an ideal response, agreement increased noticeably with poorer matching. Nonetheless, differences in item desirability between different job conditions were evident even in closely matched blocks.

Modeling Effects of Faking on an Objective Personality Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Arendasy ◽  
Markus Sommer ◽  
Margit Herle ◽  
Bettina Schützhofer ◽  
Dagmar Inwanschitz
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
Clear Description ◽  
The Ideal

The article investigated the effect of faking on the dimensionality and mean scores of an objective personality test measuring subjectively accepted level of risk. Various studies conducted with standardized personality questionnaires have demonstrated that faking may distort both the dimensionality and mean scores. In contrast, the empirical evidence on the effect of faking on the dimensionality and mean scores obtained with objective personality tests is still sparse. In the first study, we evaluated the effect of naturally occurring faking on the dimensionality and mean scores using a between-subject design that compared professional driver applicants to volunteers matched according to relevant sociodemographic characteristics. The results indicated that the objective personality test measures the same latent trait in both samples. Furthermore, we failed to observe a significant mean difference between volunteers and professional driver applicants. Furthermore, we failed to observe any mean score differences between both samples. The second study experimentally evaluated the effect of individual differences in respondents’ ability to infer the ideal level of the latent trait on the dimensionality and mean scores using a combined between- and within-subject design. Using modern item response theory techniques we found that a less clear description of the ideal level of the latent trait prevented a successful faking attempt. In contrast, a more clear and less difficult to implement a description of the ideal level of the latent trait allowed respondents to successfully increase their test scores. The results are discussed in light of current models of applicants response processes when working personality tests.

scholarly journals Comparing the validity of trait estimates from the multidimensional forced-choice format and the rating scale format

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunike Wetzel ◽  
Susanne Frick
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Scale Format

The multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) format has been proposed as an alternative to rating scales (RS) that may be less susceptible to response biases. The goal of this study was to compare the validity of trait estimates from the MFC and the RS format when using normative scoring for both formats. We focused on construct validity and criterion-related validity. In addition, we investigated test-retest reliability over a period of six months. Participants were randomly assigned the MFC (N = 593) or the RS (N = 622) version of the Big Five Triplets. In addition to self-ratings on the Big Five Triplets and other personality questionnaires and criteria, we also obtained other-ratings (N = 770) for the Big Five Triplets. The Big Five in the Big Five Triplets corresponded well with the Big Five in the Big Five Inventory except for agreeableness in the MFC version. The majority of the construct validity coefficients differed between the MFC and the RS version whereas criterion-related validities were very similar. The self- and other-rated Big Five Triplets showed higher correlations in the MFC format than in the RS format. The reliability of test scores on the Big Five and test-retest reliabilities were lower for MFC compared to RS. For the MFC format to be able to replace the RS format, more research on how to obtain ideal constellations of items that are matched in their desirability is needed.

scholarly journals Implementasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Penerimaan Karyawan Baru Dengan Metode Profile Matching

Respati ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulia Sulistiyono ◽  
Bernadhed Bernadhed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Employee Recruitment ◽  
Profile Matching ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

INTISASIPengambilan keputusan diantara berbagai alternatif pilihan karyawan merupakan hal yang sulit untuk dilakukan, dalam situasi yang kompleks  pengambilan keputusan tidak dipengaruhi oleh satu faktor saja melainkan multi faktor dan mencakup berbagai jenjang maupun kepentingan. Biasanya pengambil keputusan dalam menentukan pilihan terbaik menggunakan intuisi dan subyektifitas semata, sehingga menjadi sebuah tantangan dengan berbagai resiko. Pendekatan dengan metode pencocokan profil atau profile matching merupakan salah satu jawaban dalam permasalahan ini. Dengan menggunakan metode ini keputusan diambil dengan mengidentifikasikan terhadap kelompok karyawan atau pelamar pekerjaan yang baik maupun buruk. Para karyawan dalam kelompok tersebut diukur menggunakan beberapa kriteria penilaian. Pelamar kerja yang diangkat adalah pelamar yang paling mendekai profil ideal seorang karyawan yang berhasil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai terbesar yang mempengaruhi seleksi calon karyawan adalah kriteria kognitif (K1) sebesar 40%, kemudian kriteria kepribadian (K2) sebesar 30% dan kriteria sikap kerja sebesar 30%. Untuk nilai yang digunakan untuk melakukan perankingan berdasarkan jumlah core factor dan secondary factornya.Kata kunci— Sistem pendukung keputusan, Penerimaan karyawan, Profile Matching, SDM . ABSTRACTDecision making among various alternative choices of employees is a difficult thing to do, in complex situations decision making is not influenced by just one factor but multi factors and includes various levels and interests. Usually decision makers in determining the best choice using intuition and subjectivity alone, so that it becomes a challenge with various risks. The approach with profile matching method is one of the answers to this problem. By using this method the decision is taken by identifying the good or bad group of employees or job applicants. Employees in the group are measured using several assessment criteria. Appointed job applicants are the most applicants who approach the ideal profile of a successful employee. The results of this study indicate the greatest value that affects the selection of prospective employees is cognitive criteria (K1) of 40%, then personality criteria (K2) of 30% and criteria for work attitudes of 30%. For values used to rank based on the number of core factors and secondary factors.Keyword—  Decision support system, employee recruitment, Profile Matching

scholarly journals Forced Choice Measures with an Answer Key: A Predictive Modelling Approach for Detecting Faking Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus William Hughes ◽  
Patrick Damien Dunlop ◽  
Djurre Holtrop ◽  
Serena Wee
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Rank Order Data ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Mallows Model ◽  
Modelling Approach ◽  
The Ideal

Forced choice (FC) personality measures are increasingly popular in research and applied contexts. To date however, no method for detecting faking behavior on this format has been both proposed and empirically tested. We introduce a new methodology for faking detection on FC measures, based on the assumption that individuals engaging in faking try to approximate the ideal response on each block of items. Individuals’ responses are scored relative to the ideal using a model for rank-order data not previously applied to FC measures (Generalized Mallows Model). Scores are then used as predictors of faking in a regularized logistic regression. In Study 1, we test our approach using cross-validation, and contrast generic and job-specific ideal responses. Study 2 replicates our methodology on two measures matched and mismatched on item desirability. We achieved between 80 – 92% balanced accuracy in detecting instructed faking, and predicted probabilities of faking correlated with self-reported faking behavior. We discuss how this approach, driven by trying to capture the faking process, differs methodologically and theoretically to existing faking detection paradigms, and measure and context-specific factors impacting accuracy.

Localization of Intracellular Antigens in thin Sections with Ferritin Labeled Antibody

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
M.S. Shahrabadi ◽  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Conjugate Prior ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
Intracellular Antigen ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
The Ideal

The technique of labeling of macromolecules with ferritin conjugated antibody has been successfully used for extracellular antigen by means of staining the specimen with conjugate prior to fixation and embedding. However, the ideal method to determine the location of intracellular antigen would be to do the antigen-antibody reaction in thin sections. This technique contains inherent problems such as the destruction of antigenic determinants during fixation or embedding and the non-specific attachment of conjugate to the embedding media. Certain embedding media such as polyampholytes (2) or cross-linked bovine serum albumin (3) have been introduced to overcome some of these problems.

Criteria and Methods for Reliable Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
R. A. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
General Object ◽  
The Ideal

The reconstruction of a three-dimensional image of a specimen from a set of electron micrographs reduces, under certain assumptions about the imaging process in the microscope, to the mathematical problem of reconstructing a density distribution from a set of its plane projections.In the absence of noise we can formulate a purely geometrical criterion, which, for a general object, fixes the resolution attainable from a given finite number of views in terms of the size of the object. For simplicity we take the ideal case of projections collected by a series of m equally spaced tilts about a single axis.

X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
R. Beeuwkes ◽  
A. Saubermann ◽  
P. Echlin ◽  
S. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Method ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Classic Paper ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

High Resolution Study of Polytypism: Application to SiC and Au3 Mn

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. Van Tendeloo ◽  
J. Van Landuyt ◽  
S. Amelinckx
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Resolution Study ◽  
The Ideal

Polytypism has been studied for a number of years and a wide variety of stacking sequences has been detected and analysed. SiC is the prototype material in this respect; see e.g. Electron microscopy under high resolution conditions when combined with x-ray measurements is a very powerful technique to elucidate the correct stacking sequence or to study polytype transformations and deviations from the ideal stacking sequence.

Possible applications of fraunhofer holography in high resolution electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bonnet ◽  
M. Troyon ◽  
P. Gallion
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Field Region ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
The Ideal

Two main problems in high resolution electron microscopy are first, the existence of gaps in the transfer function, and then the difficulty to find complex amplitude of the diffracted wawe from registered intensity. The solution of this second problem is in most cases only intended by the realization of several micrographs in different conditions (defocusing distance, illuminating angle, complementary objective apertures…) which can lead to severe problems of contamination or radiation damage for certain specimens.Fraunhofer holography can in principle solve both problems stated above (1,2). The microscope objective is strongly defocused (far-field region) so that the two diffracted beams do not interfere. The ideal transfer function after reconstruction is then unity and the twin image do not overlap on the reconstructed one.We show some applications of the method and results of preliminary tests.Possible application to the study of cavitiesSmall voids (or gas-filled bubbles) created by irradiation in crystalline materials can be observed near the Scherzer focus, but it is then difficult to extract other informations than the approximated size.

The DQE of an electron image recording system

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
D. Krahl ◽  
H.-P Rust
Keyword(s):  
Primary Electron ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
High Detection ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Video Amplifier ◽  
Detection Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

The high detection quantum efficiency (DQE) is the main requirement for an imagerecording system used in electron microscopy of radiation-sensitive specimens. An electronic TV system of the type shown in Fig. 1 fulfills these conditions and can be used for either analog or digital image storage and processing [1], Several sources of noise may reduce the DQE, and therefore a careful selection of various elements is imperative.The noise of target and of video amplifier can be neglected when the converter stages produce sufficient target electrons per incident primary electron. The required gain depends on the type of the tube and also on the type of the signal processing chosen. For EBS tubes, for example, it exceeds 10. The ideal case, in which all impinging electrons create uniform charge peaks at the target, is not obtainable for several reasons, and these will be discussed as they relate to a system with a scintillator, fiber-optic and photo-cathode combination as the first stage.

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