Urinary stone composition analysis and clinical characterization of 1520 patients in central China

AbstractA total of 1520 patients with urinary stones from central China were collected and analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy between October 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. For all patients, age, sex, comorbidities, stone location, laboratory examination and geographic region were collected. The most common stone component was calcium oxalate (77.5%), followed by calcium phosphate (8.7%), infection stone (7.6%), uric acid (UA) stone (5.3%)and cystine (0.9%). The males had more calcium oxalate stones (p < 0.001), while infection stone and cystine stones occurred more frequently in females (p < 0.001). The prevalence peak occurred at 41–60 years in both men and women. UA stones occurred frequently in patients with lower urinary pH (p < 0.001), while neutral urine or alkaline urine (p < 0.001) and urinary infection (p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with infection stone stones. Patients with high levels of serum creatinine were more likely to develop UA stones (p < 0.001). The proportion of UA stones in diabetics was higher (p < 0.001), and the incidence of hypertension was higher in patients with UA stones (p < 0.001). Compared to the other types, more calcium oxalate stones were detected in the kidneys and ureters (p < 0.001), whereas struvite stones were more frequently observed in the lower urinary tract (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in stone composition across the Qinling-Huaihe line in central China except UA stones, which were more frequently observed in patients south of the line (p < 0.001).

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Spectrum of pediatric urinary stone composition in North Western India: analysis at tertiary care center

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20194974 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4102

Author(s):

Rama Kishan Saran ◽

Pawan Katti ◽

Kiran Mirdha ◽

Sanya Saran ◽

Rajendra Prasad Takhar

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Urinary Stones ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

North Western

Background: Pediatric urolithiasis results in significant morbidity in later life. Incidence as well as site and chemical composition of calculi varies according to the changes in socio-economic conditions over time and the subsequent changes in dietary habits leading to a marked variation in the spectrum of urinary stone composition. To evaluate the spectrum of urinary stone composition in pediatric population from North-western India.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted between October 2013 and February 2019 which included pediatric patients with urolithiasis. Demographic and epidemiological characteristics including age, sex, geography, religion, socio-economic status, dietary habits were recorded. The location and sizes of stones were documented. The data was collected, analyzed and presented using summary statistics.Results: A total of 163 patients with urolithiasis were enrolled, of which 86 (53%) aged between 6 and 10 years, 49 (30%) aged between 11 and 14 years and 28 (17%) were aged between 0 and 5 years. The majority of patients were male (n=134; 82.21%). The most common location of the stone was urinary bladder (n=106; 65.03%) followed by kidney (n=33; 20.25%), urethra (n=16; 9.82%) and ureter (n=8; 4.91%). The upper tract (kidney and ureter) to the lower tract (bladder and urethra) stone ratio was 1:4. Stones with mixed composition were more than pure stones (73.62% versus 26.38%). The most common composition was the mixed stone of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid (n=36; 22.09%) followed by mixed stone of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate with uric acid (n=29; 17.79%), calcium oxalate and uric acid (n=25, 15.34%), calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (n=20; 12.27%). Calcium oxalate was present in 80% of the stones, followed by uric acid in 7%, struvite in 6%, cystine in 3% and calcium phosphate in 2%.Conclusions: These results suggest that the prevalence of mixed stones with calcium oxalate as the predominant chemical component in the urinary stones of pediatric patients studied.

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URINARY STONE COMPOSITION ANALYSIS IN INDONESIAN POPULATION: A SINGLE MAJOR CENTRE ANALYSIS

Indonesian Journal of Urology ◽

10.32421/juri.v25i2.406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Her Bayu Widyasmara ◽

Ponco Birowo ◽

Nur Rasyid

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Urinary Stone Disease ◽

Indonesian Population ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Stone Type

Objective: To evaluate the urinary stone composition of Indonesian population. Material & Methods: This is a retrospective study analyzing total 277 urinary stone, obtained from urinary stone patient that underwent treatment in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta in period 2000-2013. Results: Urinary stone disease is more common in male, with male : female ratio 1.8 : 1, with both in male and female patient, the incidence are highest at 51-60 years old. Calcium containing stone is predominant in this study with calcium oxalate as the most frequent stone with 61% overall, 43.7% in male and 17.3% in female and founded most frequent in 51-60 years old. Uric acid become the second most common stone after calcium containing stone with 9.0% overall, 6.5% in male and 2.5% in female. Infection associated stone such as struvite is 5.8% and Amonium urate 0.7%. In our study, struvite is founded more in male 3.6% than in female 2.2%. Cystine is a rare stone which is only founded 0.7%, in young age at 21-30 years old. Conclusion: Calcium oxalate is the most frequently stone type in our country as it is worldwide. This study revealed information of stone composition in Indonesian population, that could be beneficial for strategies and management to prevent urinary stone disease and recurrence.

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Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition: A Role for Climate Variations?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41398/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Trinchieri ◽

Alessandro Maletta ◽

Giovanni Simonelli ◽

Luca Boeri ◽

Elisa De Lorenzis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Urinary Stones ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Statistical Institute ◽

Time Changes

Abstract Introduction: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003. Materials and Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute. Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 MI and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods. Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

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Effect of Climate on Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41398/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Trinchieri ◽

Alessandro Maletta ◽

Giovanni Simonelli ◽

Luca Boeri ◽

Elisa De Lorenzis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Urinary Stones ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Time Changes

Abstract Background: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003.Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute.Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods.Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

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The analysis of Upper tract Urinary Stone Composition in HIV-positive Patients: a single center experience

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29836/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wu Menghua ◽

Zheng Xin ◽

Fan Bohan ◽

Zhang Yu ◽

Zhao Jimao

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Chi Square ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Positive Group ◽

Single Center Experience ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: To appraise the most common stone composition, serum and urinary biochemical features in HIV-positive patients with urolithiasis.Methods: We retrospectively searched the records of HIV-positive patients in our stone registry. A retrospective study was generated from our registry. Collecting statistics about fundamental indexes and analyzing them is our basic procedure. Medications were considered. Groups were compared using the Student t and chi-square/Fisher exact tests with significance considered at p<0.05.Results: In total of 101 patients were included age, gender, Body Mass Index(BMI), serum calcium, serum uric acid(UA), stone position, and operative method were statistically described. The serum UA of HIV-positive group was higher than that of the negative group (P = 0.028). Patients with HIV-infected had a higher incidence of calcium oxalate dehydrate (CaODH) (p<0.001). The evaluation of overall stone composition showed that the number of CaODH was higher in HIV-positive group (21.4% vs 8.5%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in single calcium oxalate monohydrate(CaOMH) (p = 0.146), and UA (p = 0.7) between the two groups.Conclusions: In our study the highest stone proportion in HIV patients is calcium oxalate (CaO). HIV positive patients should pay attention to the diet, especially the food containing more calcium. In HIV-positive patients, the level of serum UA should be controlled accordingly. In the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), for low-risk patients, it may not be necessary to consider too much the factors of protease inhibitors (PIs) and other drugs forming urinary calculus.

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Time changes in the spectrum of urinary stone composition: a role for climate variations?

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-020-02193-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Trinchieri ◽

Alessandro Maletta ◽

Giovanni Simonelli ◽

Luca Boeri ◽

Elisa De Lorenzis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Urinary Stones ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Statistical Institute ◽

Time Changes

Abstract Background An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016–18 compared to 2001–2003. Methods Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001–2003 and 2016–2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute. Results The average age of the 2001–2003 group (45.8+/− 15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016–18 group (57.9+/− 14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1,0.58) in 2001–2003 and 527 / 292 (1,0.55) in 2016–18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016–18 group than in 2001–03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001–03 than in 2016–18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001 to 03 to 2016–18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016–18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14 °C to 15.4 °C during the two observation periods. Conclusions No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

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The analysis of Upper tract Urinary Stone Composition in HIV-positive Patients: a single center experience

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27468/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wu Menghua ◽

Zheng Xin ◽

Fan Bohan ◽

Zhang Yu ◽

Zhao Jimao

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Chi Square ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Positive Group ◽

Single Center Experience ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background To appraise the most common stone composition, serum and urinary biochemical features in HIV-positive patients with urolithiasis. Methods We retrospectively searched the records of HIV-positive patients in our stone registry. A retrospective study was generated from our registry. Collecting statistics about fundamental indexes and analyzing them is our basic procedure. Medications were considered. Groups were compared using the Student t and chi-square/Fisher exact tests with significance considered at p < 0.05. Results In total of 101 patients were included age, gender, Body Mass Index(BMI), serum calcium, serum uric acid(UA), stone position, and operative method were statistically described. The serum UA of HIV-positive group was higher than that of the negative group (P = 0.028). Patients with HIV-infected had a higher incidence of calcium oxalate dehydrate (CaODH) (p < 0.001). The evaluation of overall stone composition showed that the number of CaODH was higher in HIV-positive group (21.4% vs 8.5%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in single calcium oxalate monohydrate(CaOMH) (p = 0.146), and UA (p = 0.7) between the two groups. Conclusions In our study the highest stone proportion in HIV patients is calcium oxalate (CaO). HIV positive patients should pay attention to the diet, especially the food containing more calcium. In HIV-positive patients, the level of serum UA should be controlled accordingly. In the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), for low-risk patients, it may not be necessary to consider too much the factors of protease inhibitors (PIs) and other drugs forming urinary calculus.

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Urinary stone composition analysis of 3684 patients in the eastern Shandong region of China

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519887266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 030006051988726

Author(s):

Xuebao Zhang ◽

Jiajia Ma ◽

Ning Wang ◽

Chunhua Lin

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Urinary Calculi ◽

High Rate ◽

Urinary Stones ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Carbonate Apatite ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽

Uric Acid Stones

Objective There has not been a study that analyzed the composition of urinary stones from patients in the eastern Shandong region of China. Thus, we explored the composition of urinary stones in the eastern Shandong region of China and discuss the clinical significance of the findings. Methods A total of 3684 urinary calculi from the eastern Shandong region were collected in our study. Compositions of the stones were analyzed using an Automatic Infrared Spectrum Analysis System (type LIIR-20). The results were verified through manual analysis of the spectrograms, which was accompanied by polarizing microscopy and chemical analysis if necessary. Results Among the 3684 specimens, there were 1767 single-component stones and 1917 mixed-component stones. According to the main components of the stones, the stones were divided into the following types: calcium oxalate monohydrate stones (1779, 48.3%), anhydrous uric acid stones (1105, 30.0%), carbonate apatite stones (590, 16.0%), ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate stones (143, 3.9%), calcium oxalate dihydrate stones (36, 1.0%), and cystine stones (31, 0.8%). Conclusions There was a relatively high rate of uric acid stones in patients from the eastern Shandong region of China.

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Urine stones of different chemical composition occurrence depending on the level of uricuria

Urologicheskie vedomosti ◽

10.17816/uroved102107-113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113

Author(s):

Michail Y. Prosiannikov ◽

Nikolay V Anokhin ◽

Sergey A. Golovanov ◽

Olga V Konstantinova ◽

Andrey V. Sivkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Urinary Stones ◽

Acid Excretion ◽

Uric Acid Excretion ◽

Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽

Urinary Acid

Introduction. According to modern concepts one of the key links in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis is metabolic lithogenic disturbances. The study of the complex effect of many factors on the metabolism of urolithiasis patient is the basis of modern scientific research. We studied the frequency of various chemical urinary stones occurrence depending on various levels of uricuria. Materials and methods. Data from of 708 urolithiasis patients (303 men and 405 women) were analized. The results of blood and urine biochemical analysis and chemical composition of urinary stone were studied. The degree of uricuria was ranked by 10 intervals: from 0.4 to 14.8 mmol/day to assess the occurrence of different stones at various levels of uricuria. Results. The incidence of calculi consisting of uric acid also increases with increasing levels of uric acid in the urine. An increase in the level of uricuria above 3.11 mmol/day is observed to increase calcium-oxalate stones occurrence. Decrease in the prevalence of carbonatapatite and struvite stones observed at an increase of urine uric acid excretion. At high levels of uric acid excretion, we found uric acid and calcium oxalate stones most often. Conclusion. Control over the level of urinary acid excretion in urine is important in case of calcium-oxalate and uric acid urolithiasis.

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The Relation between the Concentration of Calcium Salts in the Urine and Renal Stone Composition in Patients with Calcium-Containing Renal Stones

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0430433 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 433-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. W. Marshall ◽

M. Cochran ◽

W. G. Robertson ◽

A. Hodgkinson ◽

B. E. C. Nordin

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Renal Stones ◽

Urine Ph ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽

Urine Oxalate ◽

The Difference ◽

Normal Urine ◽

Normal Men

1. Diurnal variations in urine calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate activity products were observed in normal men and patients with recurrent calcium oxalate or mixed oxalate—phosphate renal stones. 2. Maximum and minimum calcium oxalate products were higher in the patients than in the controls, the difference being most marked in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 3. Maximum and minimum calcium phosphate products expressed as octocalcium phosphate [(Ca8H2(PO4)6], brushite or hydroxyapatite, were significantly higher than normal in the patients with mixed stones but not in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 4. The raised calcium oxalate products in the patients were due mainly to increased concentrations of Ca2+ ions; these, in turn, were due mainly to an increased rate of excretion of calcium. Raised calcium phosphate products were due mainly to hypercalciuria, combined with abnormally high urine pH values. 5. Patients with recurrent calcium stones appear to fall into two types: (1) patients with calcium oxalate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a normal urine pH; (2) patients with mixed oxalate—phosphate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a raised urine pH. 6. The implications of these findings in regard to treatment are discussed.

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