scholarly journals 1H NMR based metabolic profiling distinguishes the differential impact of capture techniques on wild bighorn sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen O’Shea-Stone ◽  
Rachelle Lambert ◽  
Brian Tripet ◽  
James Berardinelli ◽  
Jennifer Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Environmental Metabolomics ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Single Capture ◽  
Capture Techniques ◽  
Capture Technique

AbstractEnvironmental metabolomics has the potential to facilitate the establishment of a new suite of tools for assessing the physiological status of important wildlife species. A first step in developing such tools is to evaluate the impacts of various capture techniques on metabolic profiles as capture is necessary to obtain the biological samples required for assays. This study employed 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolite profiling of 562 blood serum samples from wild bighorn sheep to identify characteristic molecular serum makers of three capture techniques (dart, dropnet, and helicopter-based captures) to inform future sampling protocols for metabolomics studies, and to provide insights into the physiological impacts of capture. We found that different capture techniques induce distinct changes in amino acid serum profiles, the urea cycle, and glycolysis, and attribute the differences in metabolic patterns to differences in physical activity and stress caused by the different capture methods. These results suggest that when designing experiments involving the capture of wild animals, it may be prudent to employ a single capture technique to reduce confounding factors. Our results also supports administration of tranquilizers as soon as animals are restrained to mitigate short-term physiological and metabolic responses when using pursuit and physical restraint capture techniques.

1H NMR Based Metabolic Profiling Distinguishes the Differential Impact of Capture Techniques on Wild Bighorn Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen O’Shea-Stone ◽  
Rachelle Lambert ◽  
Brian Tripet ◽  
James Berardinelli ◽  
Jennifer Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Environmental Metabolomics ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Single Capture ◽  
Capture Techniques ◽  
Capture Technique

Abstract Environmental metabolomics has the potential to facilitate the establishment of a new suite of tools for assessing the physiological status of important wildlife species. A first step in developing such tools is to evaluate the impacts of various capture techniques on metabolic profiles as capture is necessary to obtain the biological samples required for assays. This study employed 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolite profiling of 562 blood serum samples from wild bighorn sheep to identify characteristic molecular serum makers of three capture techniques (dart, dropnet, and helicopter-based captures) to inform future sampling protocols for metabolomics studies, and to provide insights into the physiological impacts of capture. We found that different capture techniques induce distinct changes in amino acid serum profiles, the urea cycle, and glycolysis, and attribute the differences in metabolic patterns to differences in physical activity and stress caused by the different capture methods. These results suggest that when designing experiments involving the capture of wild animals, it may be prudent to employ a single capture technique to reduce confounding factors. It also supports administration of tranquilizers as soon as animals are restrained to mitigate stress and other physiological and metabolic responses.

Lipoprotein(a) and postmenopausal oestrogen

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Farish ◽  
Hilary A Rolton ◽  
Judith F Barnes ◽  
Colin D Fletcher ◽  
David J Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Unopposed Oestrogen

Epidemiological studies have shown that postmenopausal oestrogen therapy substantially reduces the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and this is partly mediated by oestrogen-associated changes in lipoproteins, particularly high-density lipoprotein. In this study, we investigated whether changes in lipoprotein(a) might help to account for the reduction in coronary heart disease and stroke associated with postmenopausal oestrogen therapy. The study group consisted of 18 women who had hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy at least 2 months prior to recruitment and had received no previous hormonal therapy. Serum samples were collected for measurement of lipoprotein(a) before and after 4 months of treatment with oestradiol valerate (2 mg/day). Lipoprotein(a) levels ranged from 35 to 720 mg/l (median 180 mg/l) before treatment and from 55 to 780 mg/l (median 1 30 mg/l) after oestradiol treatment and showed no consistent pattern of change. It would appear, therefore, that treatment with unopposed oestrogen in relatively low doses does not have a marked effect on lipoprotein(a), at least in the short term.

Factors Contributing to Intra-Individual Variation of Serum Constituents: 5. Short-Term Day-to-Day and Within-Hour Variation of Serum Constituents in Healthy Subjects

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1520-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Winkel ◽  
Bernard E Statland ◽  
Henning Bokelund
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
First Case ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analytical Variation

Abstract We evaluated the variations in some serum constituents in a group of healthy young men for two selected time intervals: short-term day-to-day changes and within-hour changes. In the first case, we used a two-way ANOVA model to compute the main-day effect and the subject-day interaction terms, which were combined to yield the total day-to-day variation. A main-day effect was seen to be statistically significant only for acid phosphatase, while all of the 18 serum constituents except for sodium, calcium, and albumin demonstrated a statistically significant subject-day interaction. For the within-hour biologic variation, a three-way ANOVA model was used to analyze results of duplicate serum samples drawn at 1100 h and 1130 h on two different days. Although a significant main effect of hour was found only for total lipids and alkaline phosphatase, pooling the main effect of hour, subject-hour interaction, and subject-day-hour interaction terms resulted in a chemically significant variation for potassium, total protein, albumin, iron, total lipids, cholesterol, and bilirubin. The relationship of these biological fluctuations is compared to the expected analytical variation in all cases.

scholarly journals The Role of Anti-Endothelial Cell Autoantibodies and Immune Response in Acute Low-Tone Hearing Loss

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132095250
Author(s):  
Diyan Chen ◽  
Zhujian Wang ◽  
Gaogan Jia ◽  
Huanyu Mao ◽  
Yusu Ni
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Low Tone

Objective: Immunity is associated with acute low tone hearing loss. However, the exact pathophysiology of immunity-mediated acute low tone hearing loss remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the presence, therapeutic effectiveness, and immunopathological mechanisms of anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECEs) in patients with acute low-frequency hearing loss. Material and Methods: Forty-nine patients who were treated as inpatients having acute low-frequency hearing loss and additional symptoms, such as ear fullness, tinnitus, dizziness, or hyperacusis, were enrolled in this study. Serum samples from these patients were collected for laboratory serum autoimmunity detection, including AECAs, antinuclear antibodies, immunoglobulin, and circular immune complex. Therapeutic responses to combination therapy in short-term outcome and serum cytokine levels were compared between AECA-positive and AECA-negative patients. Results: Anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies–positive patients tended to show significantly less response to standard therapy compared with AECAs controls ( P < .05). Moreover, some serum cytokine levels elevated in both AECAs− and AECAs+ groups. Positive ratio of interleukin-8 and concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α were found higher in AECAs+ groups ( P < .05). Conclusion: The results supported that AECAs might wield influence on the short-term outcome of acute low-tone hearing loss (ALHL) treatment. Furthermore, AECA-mediated acute low-frequency hearing loss possibly involved dysregulation of inflammation process and release of cytokines.

scholarly journals The effect of short-term calcium supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy young adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Ginty ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Kevin D. Cashman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Usual Diet

The influence of Ca supplementation of the usual diet for 14d on biochemical markers of bone turnover was investigated in healthy young adults aged 21–26 years. In a crossover study, eighteen subjects (five male and thirteen female) were randomly assigned to their self-selected diet (about 22 mmol Ca/d) or their self-selected diet with a 20 mmol/d Ca supplement (about 40 mmol Ca/d) for 14d followed by crossover to the alternative diet for a further 14d. During each dietary period fasting morning first void urine samples (last 3d) and fasting blood serum samples (morning of twelfth day) were collected. Ca supplementation reduced urinary excretion of pyridinoline (14%) and deoxypyridinoline (16%) (biochemical markers of bone resorption) but had no effect on biochemical markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase;EC3.1.3.1). It is concluded that Ca supplementation of the usual diet in young adults suppresses bone resorption over a 2-week period. If sustained, this could result in suppression of the bone remodelling rate and an increase in bone mass over time. The findings of this short-term study with a relatively small number of young adults highlight the need for a longer-term intervention study of the effect of increased Ca intake on bone mass in this age group.

Short-term lifestyle modification alters circulating biomarkers of endothelial health in sedentary, overweight adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Rector ◽  
James R. Turk ◽  
Grace Y. Sun ◽  
Brianne L. Guilford ◽  
Brian W. Toedebusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Intracellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Circulating Markers

Obesity and inactivity are associated with endothelial dysfunction that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. We examined the effects of a short-term lifestyle intervention on circulating biomarkers of endothelial health. Nineteen overweight or obese (mean body mass index (BMI): 28.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2) men and women underwent 6 weeks of body mass reduction induced by moderate energy restriction (~750 kcal/d; 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ) and aerobic training (~400 kcal/d). Fasting serum samples were collected at baseline and after reduction in body mass (week 6) to assess concentrations of nitrotyrosine (NT), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). Body mass was significantly reduced from 81.3 ± 2.8 to 77.3 ± 2.6 kg (p < 0.05). Circulating concentrations of NT and sICAM-1 were significantly reduced with treatment (~25% and ~10%, respectively), whereas sPLA2 levels were significantly elevated (~45%). Elevations in sPLA2 were negatively correlated with changes in NT (r = –0.58, p = 0.047); reductions in NT did not correlate significantly with reductions in sICAM-1. It appears that circulating markers of endothelial health are susceptible to short-term exercise interventions with modest reduction in body mass, and such a lifestyle modification may improve endothelial health by reducing protein nitration products and cellular adhesion.

scholarly journals A short-term diet and exercise intervention ameliorates inflammation and markers of metabolic health in overweight/obese children

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (4) ◽  
pp. E542-E550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Izadpanah ◽  
R. James Barnard ◽  
Anna Jane E. Almeda ◽  
Gayle C. Baldwin ◽  
Sydney A. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Diet And Exercise

The present study was designed to examine the effects of short-term diet and exercise on markers of metabolic health, serum-stimulated production of inflammatory biomarkers from cultured monocytes and adipocytes, and serum lipomics. Twenty-one overweight/obese children (9 boys and 12 girls, age 13.0 ± 0.5 yr, BMI 33.0 ± 1.8 kg/m2) were placed on a 2-wk ad libitum, high-fiber, low-fat diet and daily exercise regimen. Fasting serum samples were taken pre- and postintervention for determination of cytokines, metabolic risk markers, and lipomics. Monocytes and adipocytes were incubated with pre- and postintervention serum to investigate changes in cytokine secretion. Correlative associations were calculated, followed by hierarchical clustering to determine relationships between fatty acid (FA) species and clinical biomarkers. Despite remaining overweight/obese, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, TNFα, PAI-1, resistin, amylin, leptin, insulin, and IL-1ra decreased and adiponectin increased. Culture studies indicated decreases in monocyte secretion of IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β and adipocyte secretion of IL-6. Lipomic analysis revealed a decrease in total lipids and decreases in saturated FAs and an increase in 18:1/18:0. In general, Pearson's correlations revealed that inflammatory markers are negatively associated with a cluster of polyunsaturated FAs and positively correlated with several saturated FAs. These results indicate significant modification of multiple indices of metabolic health with short-term rigorous lifestyle modification in overweight/obese children prior to obesity reversal.

Development and in vitro evaluation of a flow-adjustable elastic drug infusion pump

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (11) ◽  
pp. 1070-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-W Choi ◽  
S-M Kang ◽  
H-Y Kim ◽  
K-W Nam
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Infusion Pumps

Passive-type drug infusion pumps have several advantages over active-type pumps including a simple drug chamber structure and relatively high operational stability. However, conventional passive-type infusion pumps also have several limitations compared to active ejection pumps, such as a fixed flowrate and monotonic flow pattern. To enhance the clinical feasibility of using passive-type drug infusion pumps, flow readjustment and flow regulation abilities are needed. This paper proposes a new portable elastic drug infusion pump that integrates the advantages of active and passive infusion pumps to improve clinical feasibility. The proposed infusion pump incorporates a passively driven drug chamber and an actively adjusted flow controller, which can adjust and regulate various target flowrates and adjust the flow pattern in accordance with the patient’s time-varying physiological status. The proposed infusion pump uses the contraction force of an expanded elastic membrane to extract the drug from the drug chamber for delivery into the patient’s body through an outlet catheter. It also utilizes a flow sensor, a flow resistor, and a motor-driven flow restrictor that can monitor the real-time flowrate through the outlet catheter and automatically regulate the actual flowrate around the target value. Experiments on the proposed system resulted in actual injection rates of 0.49 ± 0.03 (mean ± standard deviation), 0.98 ± 0.03, 1.49 ± 0.04, and 1.99 ± 0.03 ml/h when the target injection rate was set to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml/h, respectively. During the entire period of operation from the fully filled state to the totally empty state, an inner-chamber pressure of >100 mmHg was maintained, which shows that the proposed infusion pump can stably maintain its target flowrate as the amount of drug remaining to be injected decreases. It appears that the proposed drug infusion pump can be applied to a wide variety of patient treatments that require short-term, accurate, and stable drug delivery.

scholarly journals Short-Term Stability of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Human Serum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugène H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
Piet K. Beekhof ◽  
Johannes W. J. M. Cremers ◽  
Dale Viezeliene ◽  
Vladimira Muzakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antioxidant Assays ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Time

The oxidation and antioxidant status of serum are often determined in serum samples which have been frozen for some time. The oxidative stress process is prone to fast alterations in the sample because of the possible instability of the reactants. Here one oxidation assay (ROM) and three antioxidant assays (FRAP, TAS, and BAP) have been tested on their performance and stability at short-time storage. The most commonly used temperatures for storage and handling of serum samples (+4 and +20°C) were selected. In three short-term studies in which the storage time varied between 3 and 48 hrs the performance of these assays were tested on human serum samples. The general conclusion is that most assays performed well and gave stable results during 2 days of storage of the samples at both temperatures. Only the FRAP and TAS assays showed a small deviation at some storage conditions. In conclusion, handling of serum samples at +4 and +20°C during short-time periods did not affect the quality and performance of the oxidation and antioxidant assays during day-to-day analyses.

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