scholarly journals MYCO-TB: the first IVD kit suitable for the digestion and decontamination of extra-pulmonary specimens to detect Mycobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bisognin ◽  
Giulia Lombardi ◽  
Silvia Felici ◽  
Paola Dal Monte
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Manual Skills ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
High Level

AbstractExtra-pulmonary mycobacterial infections are characterized by a paucibacillary nature and extra-pulmonary samples consist of different matrices; the processing of these samples requires a high level of manual skills and non-standardized procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of MYCO-TB with MycoPrep on extra-pulmonary samples in terms of Mycobacteria detection, culture contamination and suitability for molecular assay. This prospective study was conducted on 201 extra-pulmonary samples from suspected cases of mycobacterial infection. Specimens were divided into two equal aliquots; one was decontaminated with MYCO-TB the other with MycoPrep. The contamination rate of liquid cultures was significantly different: 2.5% (5/201) for MYCO-TB and 7.5% (15/201) for MycoPrep (p = 0.036). At least 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) positive culture was detected in 6 specimens treated with MYCO-TB and 8with MycoPrep, without significant differences in times to positivity (TTP) in liquid culture. No Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra invalid results were obtained with samples decontaminated with MYCO-TB. The MYCO-TB kit had greater activity than MycoPrep in the digestion and decontamination of extra-pulmonary specimens for the detection of Mycobacteria, supporting the use of MYCO-TB in this type of sample. Ready-to use reagents, rapid protocol and single-sample formulation of MYCO-TB reduced the level of manual skills required as well as the risk of sample contamination.

scholarly journals ROLE OF GENE XPERT AND LIQUID CULTURE IN DIAGNOSIS OF EXTRA PULMONAR TUBERCULOSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Shashank Sharma ◽  
Ajith Kumar M S ◽  
Sudheer Sharma ◽  
SP Agnihotri
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

INTRODUCTION: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for 15- 25% of all TB cases. It is more difficult to diagnose than Pulmonary tuberculosis and often requires invasive procedures to obtain tissue and or fluid samples. Histology is time-consuming and establishing a diagnosis of TB with high specificity remains difficult. Tissue smear microscopy after special staining is often negative. Tissue culture often leads to considerable delays compromising patient care and outcomes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:1. To diagnose Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Gene Xpert(Xpert MTB/Rif assay or CBNAAT) and Liquid Cultures. 2. To evaluate the Sensitivity and Specificity of Gene Xpert in Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis in comparison with Liquid Culture MGIT960 system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by reviewing all suspected extra pulmonary tuberculosis samples of 430 patients attending OPD at Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jaipur from April 2020 to March 2021.The extrapulmonary samples (pleural fluid,CSF,pus,BAL,Ascitic fluid,Synovial fluid,Gastric aspirate,Liver aspirate) were subjected to GeneXpert and Liquid culture MGIT960 system. RESULTS: Of the 430 Extra Pulmonary Samples, The Sensitivity and Specificity of CBNAAT was 79.77% and 95.30% respectively in comparison with Liquid Culture. Out of the 430 Samples CBNAAT was Positive in 87 samples of which 71(81.60%) were Rifampicin sensitive and 16(18.39%) were Rifampicin Resistant.Out of the 430 Samples,Liquid cultures was Positive in 89 samples. CONCLUSION: Gene Xpert has a notable advantage of detecting tuberculosis within two hours which is acceptable to all clinicians to institute early treatment.CBNAAT is one of the rapid diagnostic tests available in the country and it should be routinely used under the public and private health sector effectively to detect early tuberculosis in Extra Pulmonary Samples.

scholarly journals Comparison of BACTEC MGIT with conventional methods for detection of Mycobacteria in clinically suspected patients of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3530
Author(s):  
Deepali Saini ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Adesh Kumar ◽  
Rajani Rawat ◽  
Rajesh K. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Background: Tuberculosis is an important public health problem in India and globally.  Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes for approximately 15 to 20 per cent of all cases of tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients and accounts for more than 50 per cent of the cases in HIV- positive individuals. Main problem with the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is the paucibacillary nature of the specimen, which makes the diagnosis difficult and delay the treatment. With this in background, this study aimed at the isolation of Mycobacteria from clinical specimens of patients suspected of extra pulmonary tuberculosis using BACTEC MGIT, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media and direct acid-fast bacilli smear examination.Methods: A total of 66 samples were processed for direct AFB smear examination, and culture on MGIT and LJ media. Acid fast staining of the specimens was done using the Ziehl-Neelsen method.Results: Among 66 specimens, MGIT gave a higher yield of mycobacteria (46.9%), lower contamination rate (3%) and shorter time to positive culture as compared to LJ media.Conclusions: MGIT gives higher yield and faster results.

scholarly journals Monthly endoscopy surveillance culture facilitates detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure: 5 year-experience in an endoscopy center

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Heng Yen ◽  
Shu-Hui Chen ◽  
Huei-Wen Lai ◽  
Hui-Lan Chang ◽  
Yu-Chun Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract AIM To review the clinical impact of monthly microbiology surveillance culture for monitoring endoscope contamination after high-level disinfection.METHODS Monthly surveillance culture of the endoscopes was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 at our endoscopy center. A total of 1931 cultures were collected, including 765 cultures from 16 gastroscopes, 730 cultures from 18 colonoscopes, 379 cultures from 8 duodenalscopes, 46 cultures from 1 echoscopes, and 11 cultures from 1 enterscope. Cultures were obtained from ready-to-use endoscopes after a full reprocessing cycle and storage. Samples were cultured to test for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.RESULTS The positive culture rates for the endoscope were 2% (15/765) for gastroscopes, 1.9% (14/730) for colonoscopes, 0.8% (3/379) for duodenscopes, 4.3% (2/46) for echoscopes, and 9.1% (1/11) for enterscopes. These findings were predominantly attributed to human factors (71.4%, 25/35) followed by storage cabinet failure (14.3%, 5/35), automatic endoscope reprocessing failure (11.4%, 4/35), and endoscope channel damage (2.8%, 1/35). Multivariate analysis showed that the years 2015 [odds ratio (OR) 0.19, 0.04 to 0.91], 2016 (OR 0.21, 0.05 to 0.80), and 2017 (OR 0.22, 0.06 to 0.83) were associated with decreased risk of endoscope contamination. The age, type, and number of times the scope was used were not related to contamination.CONCLUSIONS A low risk of endoscope contamination was found over a 5-year period in our endoscopy center. The most common cause of contamination was human factor. Duodenalscopes showed the lowest scope contamination rate. We suggested the implantation of a systematic endoscope culture regardless of the type of scope to facilitate early detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Reprocessing of Contaminated MGIT 960 Cultures to Improve Availability of Valid Results for Mycobacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Balaji Subramanyam ◽  
Gomathi Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
Devi Sangamithrai ◽  
Rajkumar Ravi ◽  
Kannan Thiruvengadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Significant Recovery ◽  
Negative Results

Optimal recovery of mycobacteria from the contaminated liquid culture is a challenge. While alternative methods have been suggested to reduce the rate of contamination in the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, reprocessing the contaminated liquid culture improves recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among 793 MGIT cultures raised from as many sputum specimens after primary decontamination by the standard NaLC-NaOH method, valid results were available for 687 (86.6%) as 106 (13.4%) were contaminated. Reprocessing and reculturing of the contaminated cultures increased valid results to 739 (93.2%) and reduced the contamination rate to 6.8%. Both values were statistically significant. Recovery of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex increased from 45.6% to 48.4%. Valid negative results were available for an additional 3.4%. The method may be adopted to reduce the rate of contamination and to improve the valid culture results for mycobacteria.

Incidence of microbiological contamination of local bone autograft used in posterior lumbar interbody fusion and its association with postoperative spinal infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Suh Lee ◽  
Kyung-Chung Kang ◽  
Sung-Soo Chung ◽  
Ki-Tack Kim ◽  
Seong-Kee Shin
Keyword(s):  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Spinal Infection ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Microbiological Culture ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Bone Autograft ◽  
Spinal Infections

OBJECT The aim of this study was to examine the results of microbiological cultures from local bone autografts used in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and to identify their association with postoperative spinal infection. METHODS The authors retrospectively evaluated cases involving 328 patients who had no previous spinal surgeries and underwent PLIF for degenerative diseases with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Local bone was obtained during laminectomy, and microbiological culture was performed immediately prior to bone grafting. The associations between culture results from local bone autografts and postoperative spinal infections were evaluated. RESULTS The contamination rate of local bone was 4.3% (14 of 328 cases). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29%) was the most common contaminant isolated, followed by Streptococcus species and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Of 14 patients with positive culture results, 5 (35.7%) had postoperative spinal infections and were treated with intravenous antibiotics for a minimum of 4 weeks. One of these 5 patients also underwent reoperation for debridement during this 4-week period. Regardless of the microbiological culture results, the infection rate after PLIF with local bone autograft was 2.4% (8 of 328 cases), with 5 (62.5%) of 8 patients showing positive results on autograft culture. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of contamination of local bone autograft during PLIF was considerable, and positive culture results were significantly associated with postoperative spinal infection. Special attention focused on the preparation of local bone for autograft and its microbiological culture will be helpful for the control of postoperative spinal infection.

Pigmentation phenotype instability in Myxococcus xanthus

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Burchard ◽  
Ann C. Burchard ◽  
J. H. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Phenethyl Alcohol ◽  
Fluctuation Test ◽  
Pigmentation Phenotype

Cells of Myxococcus xanthus FB2 produce tan or yellow colonies. Subcultures of tan colonies yielded tan and yellow colonies and subcultures of most yellow colonies yielded only yellow colonies. Strain FB2 variants in which the color type is more stable were obtained. Yellow cells were distinguishable from tan by the presence of a pigment(s) with an absorption maximum at 379 nm. Fluctuation Test experiments and the presence of this pigment(s) in liquid cultures of FB2 indicated that tan phenotype cells spontaneously became or segregated yellow cells in liquid culture. The frequency of appearance of yellow cells was increased in low density cultures (<106/ml). The increase cannot be explained by differences in growth rates of the two phenotypes. No evidence that cell–cell contact or culture medium constituents affect the appearance of the yellow phenotype was found. Ultraviolet irradiation of FB2 resulted in an increased proportion of cells producing yellow colonies among the survivors. Greater UV resistance of yellow cells and UV-induced conversion of tan to yellow accounts for this increase. Low level photoreactivation of viability and of the tan phenotype occurred. Incubation of FB2 in medium containing mitomycin C, nalidixic acid, phenethyl alcohol, or at 36.5 °C also resulted in conversion of tan to yellow cells.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterisation of ΦcrAss002, a crAss-like phage from the human gut that infects Bacteroides xylanisolvens

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Guerin ◽  
Andrey N. Shkoporov ◽  
Stephen R. Stockdale ◽  
Joan Colom Comas ◽  
Ekaterina V. Khokhlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The gut phageome comprises a complex phage community of thousands of individual strains, with a few highly abundant bacteriophages. CrAss-like phages, which infect bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, are the most abundant bacteriophage family in the human gut and make an important contribution to an individual’s core virome. Based on metagenomic data, crAss-like phages form a family, with four sub-families and ten candidate genera. To date, only three representatives isolated in pure culture have been reported: ΦcrAss001 and two closely related phages DAC15 and DAC17; all are members of the less abundant candidate genus VI. The persistence at high levels of both crAss-like phage and their Bacteroidales hosts in the human gut has not been explained mechanistically, and this phage-host relationship can only be properly studied with isolated phage-host pairs from as many genera as possible. Results Faeces from a healthy donor with high levels of crAss-like phage was used to initiate a faecal fermentation in a chemostat, with selected antibiotics chosen to inhibit rapidly growing bacteria and selectively enrich for Gram-negative Bacteroidales. This had the objective of promoting the simultaneous expansion of crAss-like phages on their native hosts. The levels of seven different crAss-like phages expanded during the fermentation, indicating that their hosts were also present in the fermenter. The enriched supernatant was then tested against individual Bacteroidales strains isolated from the same faecal sample. This resulted in the isolation of a previously uncharacterised crAss-like phage of candidate genus IV of the proposed Alphacrassvirinae sub-family, ΦcrAss002, that infects the gut commensal Bacteroides xylanisolvens. ΦcrAss002 does not form plaques or spots on lawns of sensitive cells, nor does it lyse liquid cultures, even at high titres. In keeping with the co-abundance of phage and host in the human gut, ΦcrAss002 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens can also co-exist at high levels when co-cultured in laboratory media. Conclusions We report the isolation and characterisation of ΦcrAss002, the first representative of the proposed Alphacrassvirinae sub-family of crAss-like phages. ΦcrAss002 cannot form plaques or spots on bacterial lawns but can co-exist with its host, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, at very high levels in liquid culture without impacting on bacterial numbers.

scholarly journals Positive Culture Mycobacterial Infections. Clinic Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Sensitivity Profil

CHEST Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 776A
Author(s):  
Franco Montufar ◽  
Carlos Builes ◽  
Carolina Aguilar ◽  
Alicia Quiroga ◽  
Carolina Saldarriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document