Identification of Word Retrieval Difficulties in the Normally Aging Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cindy Gill ◽  
Laura Green ◽  
Sneha Bharadwaj ◽  
Tamby Allman ◽  
Jyutika Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Aging Population ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Naming Tasks

Purpose This study examined variations in performance on different verbal tasks completed by typically aging, non-neurologically impaired adults who self-identified as either having or not having word retrieval difficulties that frequently affected their lifestyle. Method Fifty-seven adults aged 54–71 years, who were recruited based on case history responses that indicated the presence or absence of word retrieval difficulties, completed two standardized, norm-referenced language tests, two naming tasks, and three verbal fluency measures. Results Although scores on standardized language tests fell within normal limits for all of the participants, significant differences between those with and those without self-reported word retrieval difficulties were found on the Expressive Vocabulary Test–Second Edition as well as on tasks of naming members of categories and producing procedural narratives. A significantly greater percentage of disfluencies in procedural narratives were found in the group that reported word retrieval difficulties. This fluency indicator was the only factor that was predictive of word retrieval difficulties. Conclusions Many studies have examined the differences in word retrieval in older versus younger populations or in persons with aphasia versus persons without aphasia, but they have not offered definitive pictures of the differences between those with and those without word retrieval difficulties in the normally aging population who have otherwise normal language. This study identified three tasks that appear to be sensitive to the word-finding difficulties experienced by some adults.

Qualitative Examination of Children's Naming Skills through Test Adaptations

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Fried-Oken
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Naming Test

A new procedure entitled the Double Administration Naming Technique is proposed to assist the clinician in obtaining qualitative information about a client's visual confrontation naming skills. It involves the administration of the standard naming test followed by a readministration of the instrument. A series of naming cues then are presented. By examining the number and types of naming errors produced during the two test presentations, the clinician distinguishes word-finding problems from expressive vocabulary limitations and qualitatively describes the language disorder. The cues that facilitate correct naming are used to plan effective treatment goals.

Test–Retest Stability of Word Retrieval in Aphasic Discourse

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 966-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Clinical Decisions ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Research Studies

Purpose This study examined the test–retest stability of select word-retrieval measures in the discourses of people with aphasia who completed a 5-stimulus discourse task. Method Discourse samples across 3 sessions from 12 individuals with aphasia were analyzed for the stability of measures of informativeness, efficiency, main concepts, noun and verb retrieval, word-finding difficulty, and lexical diversity. Values for correlation coefficients and the minimal detectable change score were used to assess stability for research and clinical decision making. Results Measures stable enough to use in group research studies included the number of words; the number of correct information units (CIUs); the number of accurate-complete, accurate-incomplete, and absent main concepts; the percentage of T-units that had word-finding behaviors of any kind; the percentage of T-units that contained empty words; and a lexical diversity measure. Words per minute, CIUs per minute, and the percentage of T-units that contained time fillers or delays were sufficiently stable to use when making clinical decisions about an individual. Conclusion Although several of the measures demonstrated acceptable stability for group research studies, relatively few were sufficiently stable for making clinical decisions about individuals on the basis of a single administration.

Respiratory Kinematics in Speakers with Cerebellar Disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Murdoch ◽  
Helen J. Chenery ◽  
Peter D. Stokes ◽  
William J. Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Cerebellar Disease ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Respiratory Kinematics ◽  
And Gender

The respiratory abilities of a group of 12 speech disordered subjects with cerebellar disease were assessed using both spirometric and kinematic techniques and compared to those of a group of 12 non-neurologically impaired controls matched for age and gender. Results of the spirometric assessment showed that although all of the cerebellar-diseased subjects had normal total lung capacities, almost half had vital capacities below normal limits. All except 1 of the cerebellar-diseased subjects exhibited irregularities in their chest wall movements while performing sustained vowel and syllable repetition tasks. Over half of the cerebellar-diseased subjects also displayed similar rregularities when reading and conversing. The same irregularities were not present in the chest wall movements exhibited by the control subjects suggesting that their presence was caused by the cerebellar disease Results are discussed in terms of the effects of cerebellar disease on neuromuscular function.

scholarly journals Word-Retrieval in Two Cases of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Gurd ◽  
John R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Motor Effects

In this paper, we describe the detailed neuropsychological investigation of two cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and demonstrate word-finding difficulties associated with pervasive problems in word-retrieval. The pattern of deficits resembles that seen in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) but is more severe, even in very mild PSP, and appears less amenable to cue facilitation. Performance on a variety of word-production tasks is compared, and experimental controls for motor effects on performance are included. The role of stimulus cues in speeded word-finding is addressed experimentally, as are central executive influences on task performance. This combines with functional brain-scan data from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) which shows reduced frontal perfusion in one of the two cases.

Communication Skills in Five-Year-Old Children with High-Risk Neonatal Histories

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol H. Ehrlich ◽  
Esther Shapiro ◽  
Bud D. Kimball ◽  
Muriel Huttner
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Audiologic Evaluation

Speech, language, auditory, and intellectual development were tested in 81 fiveyear-old children with one or more of the following high-risk histories: birth weight less than 2500 grams; gestational age less than 38 weeks; SGA; Rh or ABO blood incompatibility; respiratory distress; and hyperbilirubinemia greater than 15 mg%. Tests included the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Templin-Darley Articulation Screening, the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, the Leiter International Performance Scale, audiologic evaluation, and physical examination. Despite normal intelligence, 54% of the children needed special help. Respiratory distress or abnormal birth weight and gestational age led to the greatest incidence of disability. Significant problems were most often noted in auditory and visual figure-ground discrimination and memory, physical examination, expressive vocabulary, and block design. Also noted were difficulties in word finding, articulation, sentence memory, similarities, mazes, sound blending, geometric design, and attention span.

Auditory and visual naming tests: Normative and patient data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARLA J. HAMBERGER ◽  
WILLIAM T. SEIDEL
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Cortical Mapping ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Naming Tasks ◽  
Tip Of The Tongue ◽  
Naming Performance

Naming is typically assessed with visual naming tasks, yet, some patients with genuine word-finding difficulty (evident in auditorily based discourse) show minimal difficulty on such measures. Evidence from cortical mapping, brain imaging and neuropsychological studies suggests that auditory naming measures might provide more relevant or at least, complementary information. We developed comparable auditory and visual naming tests and present normative data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue responses based on 100 controls. Test validity was supported by findings that left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients (i.e., a population with expected naming difficulty) performed more poorly on auditory but not visual naming compared to right TLE patients (i.e., a population without expected naming difficulty). Internal and test–retest reliability coefficients were reasonable. Finally, test utility was assessed on an individual basis, and auditory but not visual naming performance predicted impairment. (JINS, 2003, 9, 479–489.)

scholarly journals Automated Scoring of Tablet-Administered Expressive Language Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gale ◽  
Julie Bird ◽  
Yiyi Wang ◽  
Jan van Santen ◽  
Emily Prud'hommeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Automated Scoring ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Vocabulary Word ◽  
Speech Transcripts

Speech and language impairments are common pediatric conditions, with as many as 10% of children experiencing one or both at some point during development. Expressive language disorders in particular often go undiagnosed, underscoring the immediate need for assessments of expressive language that can be administered and scored reliably and objectively. In this paper, we present a set of highly accurate computational models for automatically scoring several common expressive language tasks. In our assessment framework, instructions and stimuli are presented to the child on a tablet computer, which records the child's responses in real time, while a clinician controls the pace and presentation of the tasks using a second tablet. The recorded responses for four distinct expressive language tasks (expressive vocabulary, word structure, recalling sentences, and formulated sentences) are then scored using traditional paper-and-pencil scoring and using machine learning methods relying on a deep neural network-based language representation model. All four tasks can be scored automatically from both clean and verbatim speech transcripts with very high accuracy at the item level (83−99%). In addition, these automated scores correlate strongly and significantly (ρ = 0.76–0.99, p < 0.001) with manual item-level, raw, and scaled scores. These results point to the utility and potential of automated computationally-driven methods of both administering and scoring expressive language tasks for pediatric developmental language evaluation.

scholarly journals Vocabulary growth in Armenian–English bilingual kindergarteners

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Hovsepian
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Vocabulary Growth ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Unique Predictor ◽  
Naming Tasks ◽  
Picture Identification

Four-year-old ( n = 20) and five-year-old ( n = 22) bilingual children were tested twice in six months on Armenian (minority language) and English (majority language) picture identification and picture naming tasks to examine receptive and expressive vocabulary growth in both languages. Parental education, Armenian/English language exposure, and nonverbal cognitive ability were also measured as potential predictors of vocabulary. Children showed growth over time in all four vocabulary tasks. However, less growth was observed in Armenian expressive task than in others, which indicated a preference to use English. Armenian language exposure was the unique predictor of Armenian picture identification and picture naming, whereas English language exposure was the unique predictor of English picture identification.

Communicative Gestures in Children With Delayed Onset of Oral Expressive Vocabulary

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Thal ◽  
Stacy Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Late Bloomers ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Communicative Gestures

Use of communicative gestures in a group of children with delayed onset of expressive oral vocabulary (late talkers) was compared with such use among normal-language-matched controls and age-matched controls. Analyses revealed that late talkers used significantly more communicative gestures and for a greater variety of communicative functions than did language-matched controls. However, a 1-year follow-up revealed that 4 of the late talkers remained delayed (truly delayed late talkers) and 6 caught up (late bloomers). Reanalyses of Year 1 data based on these follow-up outcomes demonstrated that only late bloomers used more communicative gestures than did language-matched controls. Truly delayed late talkers did not differ from language-matched controls either for number of gestures, type of gestures (symbolic vs. nonsymbolic), or number of different functions for which gestures were used. Late bloomers also used more communicative gestures than did age-matched controls, suggesting that they (the late bloomers) were using gestures to compensate for their small oral expressive vocabulary. Results are discussed in the context of early predictors of risk for language impairment and relationships between language and cognition.

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