The application of the optimization principle in the Italian and European context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Contessa ◽  
S.A. De Crescenzo ◽  
P. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
European Context ◽  
Optimization Principle ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Dose Constraints ◽  
Correct Implementation

The transposition of Directive 2013/59/Euratom has projected Italian radiation protection into the new safety culture, in which optimization is a multidisciplinary process pursuing a suitable balance among different risks. The fundamental tools in the application of the optimization principle are source-related dose constraints, introduced by the Directive to define the range of options to be considered. This article analyzes some critical issues in their use when managing radiation protection at work in any planned, existing or emergency exposure situation, which involves a risk from exposure to ionizing radiation. Simplified procedures and customized guidelines are outlined from international organizations, such as IAEA, OECD/NEA, and the European ALARA Network (EAN), paving the way to a correct implementation of the optimization principle.

Pelatihan Keselamatan dan Keamanan Radiasi Pengion di RSUP Dr Kariadi Pada Masa Pandemi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanggam Ramantisan ◽  
◽  
Siti Akbari Pandaningrum ◽  
Suwardi Suwardi ◽  
Syarifudin Syarifudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Online Delivery ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Security Training ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Radiation Workers

Ionizing radiation safety in the medical field, referred to as radiation safety, is an action taken to protect patients, workers, community members, and the environment from the dangers of radiation. One of the efforts to achieve this is by increasing the qualifications of radiation workers in understanding and implementing radiation protection and safety through ionizing radiation safety and security training initiated by the Radiation Protection Officer (PPR) team at Dr. RSUP. Kariadi Semarang. During the current pandemic, implemented the training by modifying what was previously done using face-to-face and field practice into online delivery of material and making videos as a substitute for field practice. As a result, these activities can run well and smoothly. The impression from the training participants stated that this training was beneficial and should be done regularly. Keywords: training, ionizing radiation, radiation protection officer

Not Entirely Reliable: Private Scientific Organizations and Risk Regulation – The Case of Electromagnetic Fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Gabriel Doménech Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
High Level

Private scientific organizations exert a great deal of influence in the regulation of some technological risks. The high level of expertise of their members is arguably a good reason for them to participate in making and monitoring risk regulations, in order to adjust these to scientific progress. Nevertheless, there are also sound reasons why governments shouldn’t uncritically follow the views expressed by such organizations. Taking the role played by the International Commission on Non–Ionizing Radiation Protection in the regulation of electromagnetic fields as an illustrative example, this paper shows that private scientific organizations such as these are structurally less well suited than democratic authorities when it comes to managing those risks.

scholarly journals New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Uzlenkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The review systematized the current data on new classes of pharmacological compounds and biologically active substances in the field of radiation protection in Ukraine, as well as abroad. Methodological approaches and the importance of using appropriate animal models in the development of new pharmacological drugs for radiation protection are described, specifically in the cases when it is impossible to conduct full clinical trials on patients. Current views on the division of pharmacological agents into radioprotectors, radiomitigators, and therapeutic radiation protection agents are examined. The changes in the hematopoietic tissue, gastrointestinal tract and neurovascular system that occur after acute radiation exposure are also described. Particular attention is paid to pharmacological agents that can protect against acute exposure to ionizing radiation by limiting the risk of radiation mortality from the hematological and gastrointestinal forms of radiation syndrome. Results of the effectiveness of tolerant antioxidants with a wide spectrum of biological activity as promising agents for the prevention of acute and delayed radiation-induced pathology, in particular, in lung tissue, are presented. Possible molecular mechanisms of the radioprotective effect of pharmacological compounds on experimental models of total and local radiation exposure are discussed. The effectiveness of the therapeutic use of growth factors and recombinant cytokines in acute bone marrow suppression аfter accidental radiation exposure is shown. The possibilities of cell therapy with myeloid progenitor cells mobilized by tocopherol succinate hematopoietic/progenitor cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in acute radiation injuries are shown. Special attention is paid to the importance of improving such methodological approaches and regulatory requirements when introducing into practice new radiation protection facilities in Ukraine. Key words: radiation protection, ionizing radiation, pharmacological agents, acute radiation syndrome. For citation: Uzlenkova NE. New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review). Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3) :268–77

Radiation Safety Knowledge and Practice Amongst Doctors in a Teaching Hospital in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
JE Ikubor ◽  
SN Awunor ◽  
EE Atare
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Safety Knowledge

It is important that doctors of the various specialties in a health facility requesting for radiological examinations are knowledgeable about the effect of ionizing radiation. When referring doctors know the amount of radiation their patients receive there will be justification for such investigations in line with the guiding principle of radiation protection – As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) - to minimize risk to the patient. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of radiation protection and safety amongst doctors in a Teaching Hospital in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using a self-administered structured questionnaire among 131 doctors in Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Oghara. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS v.21. Eighty-eight (67.2%) respondents had a good knowledge of radiation safety while 49 (37.4%) of respondents had a good practice of radiation protection and safety. There was an association between the department of respondents (p=0.009), awareness of body parts sensitive to radiation (p=0.005) and their knowledge of radiation safety. Also, there was an association between the department of respondents (p=0.016), their years of experience (p=0.016) and the practice of radiation safety. Knowledge of radiation safety was high while the practice of radiation protection and safety was low amongst respondents. Gender, department of doctor and awareness of body parts that are sensitive to radiation were associated with good knowledge; while department and years of experience was associated with good practice. It is recommended that doctors receive regular updates on radiation hazards, risks and protection in order to reduce the risk of exposure of patients and health workers to unnecessary ionizing radiation.

COVID-19 AS A STRESS TEST OF HEALTHCARE ESTABLISHMENTS EFFECTIVENESS AND RELIABILITY MEASURED NATIONALLY AND GLOBALLY

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2471-2476
Author(s):  
Oleksandr P. Yavorovskyi ◽  
Oleksandr M. Naumenko ◽  
Yurii M. Skaletsky ◽  
Roman P. Brukhno ◽  
Mykhailo M. Rigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Multi Component System

The aim: The authors aimed to estimate the healthcare environment risks and safety problems of the medical staff and patients, methods of neutralizing the negative public health effects and to suggest the new approaches to improved effectiveness and reliability of the healthcare establishments functioning under the emergencies. Materials and methods: The study includes data of questioning of 163 healthcare workers of certain institutions in Ukraine using the questionnaire of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ( the USA) on adherence to the patients’ safety culture. In this study only the data on the patients’ safety culture “response to mistakes” are represented. The more positive answers the respondents gave, the less they are aware that their mistakes and reports do not influence them negatively. Results: Hospital environment reprsents a complex multi-component system, in which specific medical and social tasks are executed, with their fulfillment accompanied with hazardous and unsafe biological, psycho-physiological, chemical, physical and social effects on the staff, patients and the environment. The joined effect of the hospital environment negative factors on the staff is stipulated for the stress and functional tiredness accumulation; it leads to increase in medical mistakes occurrence, which, in its turn, increases probability of occupational catching COVID-19, thus, raising the hospital environment risks under the COVID-19 circumstances both for the medical staff and the patients. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemics turned to be a helpful factor to define critical issues in the hospital environment safety, proving the necessity of further studies, aimed at transforming the safe hospital environment notion from its theoretical meaning into the working paradigm, minimizing practical risk in hospital establishments.

Science, Politics and Transnational Regulation: Regulatory Scientific Institutions and the Dilemmas of Hybrid Authority

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Ayal ◽  
Ronen Hareuveny ◽  
Oren Perez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Scientific Institutions

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to develop a better understanding of the structure of transnational regulatory scientific institutions (RSIs). We will argue that the hybrid political-legal-epistemic nature of RSIs creates a continual tension between their hierarchical and policy-driven structure and the paradigms of objectivity, parallelism and non-centralism that characterize science. The article examines the way in which RSIs cope with the challenge of maintaining their epistemic/political authority against the tensions generated by their hybrid structure. The article focuses on three institutions: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and the International Competition Network (ICN), and examines how this challenge manifests itself in the context of these three bodies. The article links the discussion of hybrid authority with the problem of scientific uncertainty. It concludes with a discussion of the optimal design of RSIs.

scholarly journals Radiation Hazard, Safety, Control and Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Md Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Radiological Procedures

The field of Radiology and Nuclear medicine has advanced from era of X-rays to today's modern imaging techniques, most of which use the ionizing radiation. With the benefits of better diagnosis and treatment, it has caused manifold increase in radiation exposure to the patients and the radiology and nuclear medicine personnel. Many studies done till date have clearly documented the harmful effects of ionizing radiation from radiation exposure, especially cancer. This is more important in paediatric population as their tissues are more radiosensitive, and they have more years to live. Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures including nuclear medicine are integral part of modern medical practices, exposing both patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation. Without proper protective measures, this radiation causes many negative health effects. Hence, proper knowledge and awareness regarding the radiation hazards and radiation protection is mandatory for health professionals, especially the nuclear medicine and radiology professionals. International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) has recommended two basic principles of radiation protection, justification of the practice and optimization of protection. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 100-103

Conceptual Approach to Creating a Complex System of Radiation Protection in the Conditions of Influence of High-Dose Fields of Ionizing Radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
V. Solov'ev ◽  
Andrey Bushmanov ◽  
V. Zorin ◽  
M. Grachev
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Important Place

The general approaches and criteria for substantiating the complex system of radiation protection (RP) of a human operator in the conditions of work in high-dose fields of ionizing radiation are considered. When planning work in such conditions, it is advisable to consider a set of measures of an organizational, technical and medical nature. Each activity has its measures own limits to reduce the dose load on the human operator or the development of adverse effects of radiation, and in some cases only a combination of them can give a certain protective effect, allowing to carry out the necessary activities in such conditions. If an operator works in mobile technical facilities (for example, a bulldozer, a caterpillar all-terrain vehicle, a helicopter, etc.) an important place is occupied by the issue of strengthening the technical component of the RP, primarily by engineering the design of additional shield elements. The biomedical rationale for the optimality of such protection is givenensuring maximum protection of vital organs, in the first place, red bone marrow, a significant volume of which is concentrated in the bones in the lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and pelvis. Several examples of the performance of professional activity of operator in the conditions of high-dose ionizing radiation fields and an expert evaluation of the limiting capabilities of the technical and medical component of the integrated RP are considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document