scholarly journals Evaluation of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with the Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 352-359
Author(s):  
Hamda Shazam ◽  
Fouzia Shaikh ◽  
Zaheer Hussain ◽  
M. Mansoor Majeed ◽  
Saba Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to investigate osteocalcin levels in saliva of healthy and periodontitis patients and correlate these levels with periodontitis severity. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setup. A total of 95 individuals participated in the study with 46 subjects in group I (healthy individuals) and 49 subjects in group II (mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis patients). A detailed assessment of clinical periodontal parameters and alveolar bone loss was made. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all study subjects and osteocalcin levels were quantitatively analyzed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay technique. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test were applied at a significance level of 95%. p-Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The results showed a significant association of qualification with group II (p < 0.02). Bone loss scores were also significantly associated with periodontitis severity (p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between group I and group II in terms of mean salivary osteocalcin levels (p = 0.68). Also, an insignificant correlation was also observed between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity (p = 0.13). Conclusion The overall study results showed that there was no significant difference between saliva osteocalcin levels of healthy and periodontitis patients. Also, there was a nonsignificant correlation between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity. The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that low osteocalcin levels in saliva might be considered as a poor indicator of periodontal disease progression and severity.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF AIRWAY ABNORMALITY IN TERMS OF ALTERATION IN PFT IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Hitesh Kumar Solanki ◽  
Dr. Omnath P Yadav ◽  
Dr. Anita J Gojiya
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

The study was conducted in department of physiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad from Mar. 2012 to Feb. 2013. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung   function and serum lipids in asymptomatic smokers   and comparable non   smokers. The mean of the various spirometric parameters were calculated of the subjects for both the groups. The mean FVC in group I and group II was 2.60 ± 0.62 L and 4.10 ± 0.64L respectively. The mean FEV1 in group I was 1.91 ± 0.57L and     3.19 ± 0.77L in group II Group I had mean FEF25% - 75% and PEFR of 1.98 ± 0.67L/sec and 4.50 ± 1.57L/sec respectively. Group II had mean FEF25 – 75% of 4.22 ± 1.23L/sec and a mean PEFR of 7.22 ± 1.42L/sec. In young smokers and asymptomatic, still the spirometric values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All he spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. Keywords: Progression, PFT, Asymptomatic & Smokers

scholarly journals Position of lips and tongue in rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia

CoDAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Márcia Andrade Campanha ◽  
Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽  
Durval Batista Palhares
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify the position of lips and tongue at rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out with 130 newborns in University Hospital. Data collection was performed by the researcher and speech-language pathologists from the Hospital. Information on gestational age, sex, weight, height and days of life was collected. The position of the lips and tongue at rest was evaluated through visual inspection with the newborns asleep. After the newborns were awakened, Neonatal Screening of the validated Protocol for the evaluation of the lingual frenulum for infants was performed to detect the alteration of the lingual frenulum. The data obtained were described and submitted to statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test to verify the association between the position of the lips with the tongue and to compare the position of the lips and tongue with and without ankyloglossia. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the behavior of the variables the differed between newborns with and without ankyloglossia. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results When comparing the data, a significant difference was found between: weight and height with and without ankyloglossia; position of lips and tongue. An association between the position of the tongue and lips with and without ankyloglossia was also found. Conclusion Newborns without alteration of the lingual frenulum have a tendency to remain with their lips closed and their tongue elevated during rest and newborns with ankyloglossia have a tendency to keep their lips parted and their tongue low during rest.

scholarly journals Effect of obesity on lung function test among adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Dhairya Salvi ◽  
Dhanvi Moradia
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive body fat that causes damage to the individual’s health and is associated with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension and vascular dysfunction. This cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of obesity on lung function test in obese but otherwise healthy adults.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at tertiary care institute of Gujarat, India. It was conducted over a period of 5 months. A total of 240 adult healthy subjects of both sexes were selected randomly belonging to varying socio-economic status. The study subjects were divided into 3 categories (normal body mass index i.e. BMI, overweight, obese). BMI were calculated for the randomly selected subjects from each list till the desired number in each BMI group were attained. Four respiratory parameters viz. forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 3 seconds (FEV3), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were used to assess their lung functions.Results: Two hundred and forty subjects (each group having n=80). The mean age of group I, group II and group III were 27.45±6.37, 28.18±6.42 and 28.98±6.74 respectively. Lung volumes showed significant difference in relation to the BMI. FVC and FEV1 show significant decrease. Group III verses group I (p˂0.001 and p˂0.017 respectively) FEV3 showed significant difference between group I and group III and between group II and group III (p˂0.001). MVV was significantly lower in group III when compared to group I.Conclusions: There is decline in pulmonary function in obese as compared to normal weight adults. These findings suggest deleterious effects on ventilatory mechanics caused by obesity, due to probable lung compression (reduction in the expiratory reserve volume i.e. ERV), leading to a compensatory increase in the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) in an attempt to maintain a constant vital capacity (VC).

scholarly journals Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
W Nargis ◽  
BU Ahamed ◽  
S Zabeen ◽  
F Alam ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39

scholarly journals Antidepressants-a possibly risk factor for cataract development: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Rajnish Raj ◽  
Anuradha Raj ◽  
Rohit Garg
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cataract Development ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Few studies have reported the role of antidepressants as cataractogenic in humans.Methods: It’s a hospital based descriptive, cross-sectional study. 45 Patients were screened for antidepressant use and diminution of vision, 6 were dropped out. 39 patients with 78 eyes were finally enrolled. They were divided into two goups i.e., Group-I, with cataract (N=53) and Group-II, without cataract (N=25). Three clusters of antidepressants were assessed e.g., SSRI, SNRI and TCA with therapeutic dose (TD) and non-therapeutic dose (NTD) range. Psychiatric illness was diagnosed on DSM-5 and severity of depression on HAM-D. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was converted from Snellen units to logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (log MAR) for statistical analysis. Cataract changes in eyes were seen on slit-lamp and classified on Lens opacities classification system-III (LOCS-III) criteria.Results: A total 78 eyes of thirty-nine (39) patients were evaluated. Thirty (38.46%) and forty-eight (61.53%) eyes belonged to males and females, respectively. Mean age of males (n=7) was 41.8±2.3 years and females (n=32) 40.2±1.0 years. In Group-I, out of (N=53) eyes that developed cataract 33 were females (62.26%) as compared to males 20 (37.7%). Group -II, out of (N=25) eyes, females without cataract were 15 (60%) as compared to males 10 (40%).  Therapeutic dose (TD) of antidepressants (AD) in Group-I had more cataract 37 (69.81%) as compared to non-therapeutic dose (NTD) 16 (30.1%). Most of the eyes with cataract 35 (66.03%) had AD exposure of more than 1 year that was possibly associated with increased risk of cataract development (OR 2.10; 95% CI, 0.79-5.55). Amongst users of antidepressants, SSRI was associated with increased risk of cataract development (OR 2.4; 95% CI, 0.72–7.94) with a female preponderance (OR 1.1; 95% CI, 0.41–2.91). Maximum number of eyes 34 (64.15%) that developed cataract had BCVA of ≥6/12 and minimum of 2 (3.77%) eyes had BCVA of ≤6/36. LOCS-III revealed 38 (71.69%) eyes (71.69%) having peripheral cortical cataract and 15 (28.30%) posterior sub-capsular cataract.Conclusions: There is a possible risk of association of cataract amongst user of antidepressants. The AD use of more than 1 year or longer had increased risk for development of cataract with a female preponderance. The highest risk was observed in the users of SSRI as compared to SNRI and TCA. Treatment exposure with antidepressant was longer for mild depression having more than two episodes.

scholarly journals Effect of Female Genital Cutting on the Sexual Function among Egyptian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Genital Cutting ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genital Cutting ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Female Genital

The existing literature on female genital cutting (FGC) is conflicting regarding its effects on sexual functions. The study aims is to evaluate the effects of FGC on the female sexual function. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between April 2018 and January 2019. We included married women, aged 18-45 years old and sexually active during the last six months. All women were asked to complete the Arabic Female Sexual Function Index (ArFSFI) independently. The cut-off score to define sexual dysfunction on the total FSFI score is 28.1. Then, the gynecologist conducted a thorough clinical examination and a detailed assessment of the type and extent of FGC. Continuous data was expressed in the form of mean±SD while nominal data was expressed in the form of frequency and percentage. Results: The study included 200 women divided into two groups; group (I) FGC, n=127 women and group (II) no FGC, n=73 women. There was no statistically significant difference in sexual function between both groups [91 women (71.7%) in group I vs. 53 women (72.6%) in group II, p=0.511]. The mean total ArFSFI score in group I was 25.8±3.05 vs. 25.4±3.64 in group II (p=0.598). No statistically significant difference in the sexual function between women with type I and type II FGC (p=0.555). Conclusions: FGC is not associated with reduced scores of ArFSFI either in all domain scores or the total score. Moreover, no difference in the scores of the ArFSFI between women with type I or type II FGC.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variation of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve with Inferior Thyroid Artery: A Cross Sectional Study in Bangladeshi People

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Md Rabiul Islam ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
Md Moshabbirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Inferior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve is varied anatomically with inferior thyroid artery. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe the anatomical variation of recurrent laryngeal nerve with inferior thyroid artery among Bangladeshi people. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck surgery at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh from January 2004 to December 2004 for a period of one (01) year. Patients whose recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified during thyroidectomy due to various pathological conditions of thyroid gland were selected as group I. Again, the dead body which were undergone dissection were designated as group II. All the patients whose recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery were identified during total, near total, sub-total, hemithyroidectomised or lobectomised were included in this study. Result: A total number of 32 patients were recruited for this study. On the left side nerve was found anteriorly in 2(10.53%), in between in 4(21.05%) and posteriorly in 13(68.42%). On the right side-nerve was found anteriorly in 7(30.43%), in between in 6(26.09%) and posteriorly in 10(43.48%). In this series nerve was seen posterior relation more than other two relations and anterior relation more on right side whereas posterior relation on left side, anterior relation more than in between relation on right side but reverse on left side. In group II On the left side nerve was found anteriorly in 2(6.25%), in between in 6(18.75%) and posteriorly in 24(75%). On the right side-nerve was found anteriorly in 8(25%), in between in 9(28.12%), and posteriorly in 10(46.88%). Conclusion: In conclusion each recurrent laryngeal nerve lies posterior to the inferior thyroid artery in the majority of the occasions whereas the nerve lies anterior to the branches of the inferior thyroid artery less commonly except right side of both study group. Journal of Science Foundation, January 2020;18(1):7-12

scholarly journals Lipid Profile Level among Healthy Subjects and Their Relation with Obesity- A Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Radhika M ◽  
Vinu Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Obesity is a common metabolic disease world-wide and dyslipidemias among the most common metabolic disorders associated with obesity. The present study was undertaken to assess lipid profile level among healthy subjects and their relation with obesity.Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 subjects. General information related to data such as name, age, gender etc. was recorded in case history proforma. BMI was evaluated based on formula of BMI = Weight (kg)/Height (m)2. Based on BMI, subjects were divided into two groups according to their BMI values as- group I- Obese and Group II- Non obese. Group I had 65 and group II had 35 subjects. Lipid profile was done.Results: There was significant difference in group I and group II regarding waist circumference (WC), BMI (kg/m2), body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), total cholesterol (TC) (P< 0.05). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), HDL- C, LDL- C, TG, TC/HDL- C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C was non- significant (P< 0.05). There was negative correlations between BMI and TC, LDL-C, HDL-C; WC, WHR, VAI and HDL-C and positive significant correlations were found between WC, WHR, and TG/HDL-C, as well as between VAI andTC, TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and TG/ HDL-C.Conclusion:Authors found that there was alteration of lipid profile in obese subjects. VAI is strongly related with lipid profile and may be considered as reliable obesity index in obese patients with dyslipidemias.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of effect of adiposity and hypertensive states on airway dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142
Author(s):  
Kunal Kishor Gautam ◽  
Deepak Saxena ◽  
Arvind Kanchan ◽  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Rahul Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Airway Dynamics

Background: Adiposity and hypertensive states are major burden for community. It causes many health-related issues, including problems related to respiratory system. It is proposed that pulmonary functions can be affected in obese hypertensive and obese normotensive adults compared to non-obese normotensive adults. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of adiposity and hypertensive states on the airway dynamics.Methods: About 30 male obese normotensives and 30 male obese hypertensive subjects were selected as study participants. 30 age-controlled non-obese, normotensive males were selected as controls. All participants were in the age group of 40 to 60 years. The pulmonary functions measured were FVC, FEV1, FEV1% and PEFR. All the participants performed 3 attempts of spirometry and maximum among the three recordings were used for analysis. ANOVA followed by Post hoc analysis to find out any significant differences between these groups. Spearman’s rank correlation was used.Results: There was a statistically significant differences in BMI between the group I and group II and III. There was a significant difference in SBP and DBP between obese normotensive (group II) and obese hypertensive (group III) subjects. There were significant decline in % predicted values of PFT parameters, on comparing obese normotensive and obese hypertensive when compared to non-obese normotensive participants. There were statistically significant negative correlations between age and FEV1 as well as BMI and PEFR.Conclusions: There was a significant decrease the pulmonary functions in obese normotensive and obese hypertensive adults in comparison to non-obese normotensive adults. It can be concluded that body weight and adiposity as well as high blood pressure creates deleterious effect on airway dynamics.

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