Protosternini (Coleoptera : Hydrophilidae) corroborated as monophyletic and its larva described for the first time: a review of the myrmecophilous genus Sphaerocetum

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fikáček ◽  
Munetoshi Maruyama ◽  
Takashi Komatsu ◽  
Christoph von Beeren ◽  
Dominik Vondráček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Ant Nest ◽  
First Time

The genus Sphaerocetum Fikáček, 2010 is reviewed on the basis of specimens collected from mixed ant nests shared by Camponotus Mayr, 1861 and Crematogaster Lund, 1831 ants in Peninsular Malaysia. Two new species, S. arboreum, sp. nov. and S. hortulanum, sp. nov., are described. A larva of S. arboreum was collected in the same nest as the adults, implying that it is likely that the entire life cycle takes place inside the ant nest; its association with adults was confirmed by cox1 sequences. It is described in detail and represents the first known larva of the tribe Protosternini. Fragments of four genes (cox1, cox2, 18S and 28S) were amplified for S. arboreum and combined with previously generated data in order to test the position of the genus within the subfamily Sphaeridiinae. The analyses revealed Sphaerocetum as a sister taxon to Protosternum Sharp, 1890, corroborating the monophyly of the tribe Protosternini. Bayesian analysis revealed an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic position of the tribe, indicating that Protosternini is a sister-group to Omicrini. This position is supported by the chaetotaxy of the maxillary stipes of the larva, which lacks the increased number of stout setae on the inner face present in all other Sphaeridiinae larvae except Omicrini.

Biodiversity in the Andean Mountains: Two new rain frogs of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5040 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-364
Author(s):  
MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA ◽  
GUSTAVO A. GONZÁLEZ-DURÁN ◽  
ANA M. SALDARRIAGA-GÓMEZ ◽  
SEBASTIÁN DUARTE-MARÍN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Central Cordillera

Frequent biodiversity sampling and monitoring programs often lead to relevant taxonomic findings. Here, as a product of different field expeditions to two places in the northern Andes, we discover and describe two new species of rain frogs of the genus Pristimantis from the cloud forests of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Pristimantis chocolatebari sp. nov. is diagnosed by having the following character states: dentigerous process of vomer triangular, snout large and protruding, dorsum smooth, vocal slits and vocal sac present, groin and hidden part of the thighs yellow. Pristimantis carylae sp. nov. is diagnosed by having iris copper red, dentigerous process of vomer oval, snout short and rounded, dorsum finely shagreen with scattered tubercles, double nuptial pad in males, groin and hidden part of thighs pink. We also infer, for the first time, the phylogenetic position of P. permixtus, P. platychilus, and two candidate new species. In addition, we emphasize not to use genetic distance as the only source of evidence for species delimitation, considering the high intraspecific diversity found in one of the species described here. Finally, we highlight the relevance of different habitat and ecosystem conservation strategies to promote amphibian diversity studies in the Andes.  

Two New Species of Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Region in China and Rediscovery of D. brevicaudum (Manthey, Wolfgang, Hou, Wang, 2012)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4941 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
KAI WANG ◽  
WEI GAO ◽  
JIAWEI WU ◽  
WENJIE DONG ◽  
XIAOGANG FENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Hengduan Mountain ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Dry Valley ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Recent studies have highlighted the underestimated diversity of the genus Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 in the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China, but much of the region remains poorly surveyed for reptile diversity. In this study we describe two new species of Diploderma from the upper Jinsha and middle Yalong River Valley, based on evaluations of morphological, genetic, and distribution data. The two new species are morphologically most similar to D. angustelinea and D. vela, but they can be diagnosed from both recognized taxa and all remaining congeners by a suite of morphological features, particularly the distinct coloration of gular spots. Additionally, both new species either render other recognized species paraphyletic or are allopatric with respect to their morphologically similar congeners. Furthermore, we rediscover D. brevicaudum in the wild for the first time, which was known from historical museum specimens only. We estimate the phylogenetic position of D. brevicaudum within the genus Diploderma based on mitochondrial genealogy, and we provide an expanded diagnosis and comparisons against closely related congeners and provide a detailed description of coloration in life based on newly collected specimens. Our discoveries of the new Diploderma species further highlight the urgent conservation needs of the currently neglected hot-dry valley ecosystems in the Hengduan Mountain Region of China. 

Discovery of the worker caste and descriptions of two new species of Anomalomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) with unique abdominal morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2810 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAREK L. BOROWIEC ◽  
ANDREAS SCHULZ ◽  
GARY D. ALPERT ◽  
PETR BAŇAŘ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Main Character ◽  
First Report ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Cameron Highlands ◽  
Worker Caste ◽  
First Time

The hitherto unknown worker caste of Anomalomyrma Taylor, 1990 is described for the first time. Two new species, Anomalomyrma boltoni n. sp. from Cameron Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia and Anomalomyrma helenae n. sp. from El Nido region of Palawan, Philippines, are described. In workers of both new species abdominal segments II and III (petiole and postpetiole) are rigidly fused together across both tergites and sternites. This is the first report of such fused abdominal morphology in worker Formicidae. Both new species lack a vertical lamella on the mandible, originally considered to be diagnostic for the genus and the main character separating Anomalomyrma from Protanilla Taylor, 1990. Modified generic diagnoses are proposed for both Anomalomyrma and Protanilla. Wing venation is described for the first time from an anomalomyrmine alate gyne, and prospects for the future of the nomenclature of the group's genera are discussed. A modified key to the genera of Leptanillinae is given along with a short note on the correct authorship of some leptanilline names.

New species, redescriptions and phylogenetic revision of tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4551 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. DAVID ◽  
S. RAMANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Plant Character ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phylogenetic Revision

The tribe Dacini comprising four genera, namely Bactrocera Macquart, Dacus Fabricius, Monacrostichus Bezzi and Zeugodacus Hendel, is a derived lineage in Tephritidae. It is one of the most economically important tribes in Tephritidae harbouring several species of quarantine concern across the world. We describe two new species of Bactrocera Macquart, B. (Parazeugodacus) conica David & Ramani, sp. n. & B. (B.) prabhui David, sp. n. from India. Postabdominal structures of males and/or females of 23 species of Bactrocera, 16 species of Zeugodacus and 8 species of Dacus from India are illustrated and described for the first time, which revealed similarities between Dacus and Zeugodacus with respect to epandrial shape and praeputium patterning. Bactrocera is unique in possessing oval shaped epandrium and an unpatterned praeputium. An analysis of phylogenetic relationships between three genera of the tribe Dacini from India based on morphological characters has been attempted for the first time. Cladistic analysis employing 51 characters of 62 species in Dacini, with seven species as outgroups revealed the monophyly of Dacini, Bactrocera and Dacus with supporting nonhomplasious synapomorphies. Ichneumonopsis Hardy, often included in the Gastrozonini, does not possess any synapomorphies of Dacini, eventhough it appeared at the base of the Dacini clade. Zeugodacus was retrieved as a monophyletic sister-group to Dacus based solely on a single homoplasious host plant character, with weak statistcal support. 

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Enigmatic Ghost Lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera: Nematocera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kania-Kłosok ◽  
André Nel ◽  
Jacek Szwedo ◽  
Wiktoria Jordan-Stasiło ◽  
Wiesław Krzemiński
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Fossil Genus

Abstract Ghost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here We clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.

A review of the genus Amphicnemis in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, with descriptions of two new species (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2605 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
RORY A. DOW ◽  
CHEE YEN CHOONG ◽  
YONG FOO NG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

The Amphicnemis species occurring in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore are reviewed, and two new species are described: A. bebar and A. hoisen (holotype for both: Malaysia, Pahang, Sungai Bebar). Keys to both sexes of all species are provided. A. ecornuta is recorded from Borneo for the first time. A summary of the distributions of the named species of Amphicnemis occurring in Sundaland is given. Four species of Amphicnemis are now known from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, and twelve from Borneo.

scholarly journals First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family

2020 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Andrés Rivera-Quiroz ◽  
Booppa Petcharad ◽  
Jeremy A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Genus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

The family Hahniidae is reported from Thailand for the first time. The genus Hexamatia gen. nov. and two new species, Hexamatia seekhaow gen. et sp. nov. and Hahnia ngai sp. nov., are described and illustrated. DNA sequences are provided for all the species reported here. The phylogenetic position of the novel genus Hexamatia gen. nov. and its relation to Hahnia are discussed. Based on these results, a new combination is proposed for Hexamatia senaria (Zhang, Li & Zheng, 2011) gen. et comb. nov. = Hahnia senaria. Known distribution of the species Hahnia saccata Zhang, Li & Zheng, 2011, originally described from China, is expanded. A brief review and notes on the taxonomy of the six-eyed hahniids are included.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kania-Kłosok ◽  
André Nel ◽  
Jacek Szwedo ◽  
Wiktoria Jordan-Stasiło ◽  
Wiesław Krzemiński
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Fossil Genus

AbstractGhost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here we clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.

Two new species of the spider genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Pakistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4820 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
TIANQI LAN ◽  
ZHIYUAN YAO ◽  
ABID ALI ◽  
GUO ZHENG ◽  
SHUQIANG LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Type ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan ◽  
First Time ◽  
Beijing China

The genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 is reported from Pakistan for the first time. Two new species of the Pholcus nenjukovi species-group are described: Pholcus hamuchal Yao & Li sp. nov. (Gilgit Baltistan, male and female) and Pholcus kalam Yao & Li sp. nov. (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, male and female). Type material is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.

Two new species and taxonomic notes on the Neotropical spiny orb-weaving spi-ders Micrathena and Chaetacis (Araneae: Araneidae), with remarks on the development of Micrathena excavata IVAN L. F. MAGALHÃES & ADALBERTO J. SANTOS (Brazil)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2983 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN L. F. MAGALHÃES ◽  
ADALBERTO J. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
First Time

In this paper, M. yanomami n. sp., from Brazilian Amazonia, Chaetacis bandeirante n. sp., from Central Brazil, and the males of M. gaujoni Simon, 1897 and M. ruschii (Mello-Leitão, 1945) n. comb. , respectively from Ecuador and Brazil, are described and illustrated for the first time. An ontogenetic series of the last development stages of both sexes of Micrathena excavata (C. L. Koch, 1836) is illustrated and briefly described. Adult females are larger and have longer legs and larger abdomens than adult males. Probably females undergo at least one additional moult before adulthood, compared to males. Micrathena ornata Mello-Leitão, 1932 is considered a junior synonym of M. plana (C. L. Koch, 1836), and M. mastonota Mello-Leitão 1940 is synonymized with M. horrida (Taczanowski, 1873). Acrosoma ruschii Mello-Leitão, 1945 is revalidated, transferred to Micrathena and considered a senior synonym of M. cicuta Gonzaga & Santos, 2004. Chaetacis necopinata (Chickering, 1960) is recorded for Brazil for the first time. Chaetacis incisa (Walckenaer, 1841) is considered a nomen dubium.

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