Interview with Sandrayati Moniaga: Legal pluralism and the struggle for recognition of customary rights in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-497
Author(s):  
Dik Roth ◽  
Sandrayati Moniaga
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
Struggle For Recognition

scholarly journals The Recognition of Customary Rights by Indonesian Constitutional Court

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
. Rudy ◽  
Ryzal Perdana ◽  
Rudi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
National People ◽  
Customary Rights

Formal law and customary rights never-ending contest have been a challenge for Indonesia in its effort to construct a modern nation. In this kind of battle, there are two conflicting values, the certainty of law versus harmonious value within society. However, the idea of constitutionalism can incorporate customary law as part of its fabric. Within the array of positivism and legal pluralism, the Indonesian Constitutional Court is trying to take leadership in the role of customary rights recognition. One of the legal standings that can put a petition to the constitutional court is a representative of the adat community as long as it still lives according to the values Indonesian State as required by legislation. The provision requires the existence of customary communities stipulated in a specific law. However, the required legislation is not stipulated yet in Indonesia, creating the institutional difficulty for The Constitutional Court upon accepting the customary rights case from specific adat communities. Given the limitation, this paper turns attention to how the Indonesian Constitutional Court deals with the recognition of customary rights as outlined in the Constitution. This study will attempt at answering this question by integrating the reading of Indonesia Constitutional Court judgments, the institutional framework analysis with a sociological approach through Indonesian Constitutional Court judges’ interviews. The study reveals one possible picture of how customary law and constitutionalism can co-exist in the same vision in Indonesia's pluralistic society.   This co-existence is not without risk of tension, but with the possibility of success under the name of constitutionalism order to protect, rather than neglect, the national people living on the plural law.   Received: 16 January 2021 / Accepted: 6 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

scholarly journals Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Revency Vania Rugebregt ◽  
Abrar Saleng ◽  
Farida Patittingi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
The Government

Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.

scholarly journals Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Revency Vania Rugebregt ◽  
Abrar Saleng ◽  
Farida Patittingi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
The Government

Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.

The Struggle for Recognition: Adat Law Trajectories under Indonesian Politics of Legal Unification

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Syahriza Alkohir Anggoro ◽  
Tunggul Anshari Setia Negara
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
New Order ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Struggle For Recognition ◽  
Status Position ◽  
Legal Consequences

Abstract This article examines the trajectories of adat law in Indonesia by looking at the extent to which legal pluralism has been constitutionalized. This article argues that the formation of the 1945 Constitution, which was driven by the political motivation of legal unification, did not produce inclusive constitutional provisions recognizing the jurisdiction of adat law and enabled practice of legal centralism during authoritarian regimes of Soekarno (1959–1966) and Soeharto (1967–1998). Although post-New Order democratization and decentralization offered political opportunities for indigenous peoples’ movements to promote legal pluralism and reconcile their marginalized traditional rights, Indonesia has made little progress as the conditional recognition approach adopted through constitutional amendments poses significant obstacles for legitimizing adat law norms as part of the plurilegal order. This article offers historical interpretation to the status, position and legal consequences of adat law in Indonesian legal system from its independence until the beginning of reformasi era.

scholarly journals Pluralismo Jurídico: o Palimpsesto Político e Jurídico em Moçambique e Direito de Pasárgada no Brasil

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Custódio Vique Jossia Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Parallel Construction ◽  
The City

Sumário: Introdução. 1. Do Monismo Jurídico ao Pluralismo Jurídico: Crise e Emergência do Pensamento Jurídico Moderno. 1.1. Monismos Jurídicos. 1.2. Pluralismo: conceito e origem. 2. Pluralismo Jurídico em Moçambique. 2.1. O Pluralismo Jurídico Moçambicano: o palimpsesto de políticas e culturas jurídicas. 2.1.1. O Estado Colonial. 2.1.2. Monismos Estadualista no período pós Independência: Estado, o único criador do direito. 2.2. Tratamentos constitucionais do pluralismo jurídico em Moçambique. 2.3. Estudos de caso. Justiças cruzadas no bairro Jorge Dimitrov. 3. Pluralismo Jurídico no Brasil. 3.1. Pluralismo jurídico e direito alternativo no Brasil. 3.2. Direito de Pasárgada. 3.3. Do direito de pasárgada à manifestação legal do pluralismo no Brasil: o exemplo dos juizados especiais civil. Considerações Finais. Referências. Resumo: A proposta de trabalho é fazer uma reflexão paralela a respeito da construção do pluralismo jurídico em Moçambique e no Brasil, com ênfase na teoria do estudo feito por Boaventura de Sousa Santos (o palimpsesto político, jurídico e direito de pasárgada). A ideia de pluralismo jurídico é decorrente da existência de dois ou mais sistemas jurídicos, dotados de eficácia, concomitantemente em um mesmo ambiente espaço-temporal. Em Moçambique estudos sobre a matéria reconheceram a presença de direito fora do Estado, onde era fácil identificar a presença de diferentes ordens jurídicas: de um lado, o direito europeu; do outro, os direitos costumeiros dos povos nativos. Já no contexto histórico do surgimento de pluralismo jurídico no Brasil, este surge com o Direito de Pasárgada na década de 1930 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Palavras-chave: Pluralismo Jurídico; Monismo; Palimpsesto; Pasárgada. Abstract: The work proposal is to reflect about the parallel construction of legal pluralism in Mozambique and in Brazil, with emphasis on the theory of the study made by Boaventura de Sousa Santos (the political and legal Palimpsest and the Pasárgada law). The idea of legal pluralism follows the existence of two or more legal systems, endowed with effectiveness, concurrently in the same space-time environment. In Mozambique studies on the subject recognized the presence of law outside the state where it was easy to identify the presence of different legal systems: on the one hand, European law, and on the other, customary rights of indigenous peoples. In the historical context of the emergence of legal pluralism in Brazil, this arises with the Law of Pasárgada in 1930 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Keywords: Legal Pluralism, Monism; Palimpsest; Pasárgada.

The representation of post-conflict gender violence in Iraqi Kurdish novelistic discourse in Bahdinan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-57
Author(s):  
Lolav M. Hassan Alhamid
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Kurdish Women ◽  
Gendered Aggression ◽  
Struggle For Recognition

This article explores the processes of finding a voice, learning to speak, and breaking silence around gender violence for a Kurdish woman endeavouring to resist oppression and destroy forced negative images and identities. It examines the ways in which she struggles to break imposed silences through resisting gender discrimination and telling stories of violence and exploitation, as represented in the Kurdish novelistic discourse in Bahdinan. Studying Sabri Silevani’s Mariama: Kiçe-Jinek ji Zemanek Di (Mariama: A Woman from Another Time, 2007), the article examines the various forms and layers of violence imposed on Kurdish women by the tribal and patriarchal norms and the social and political structures within the post-conflict Kurdish society in Iraqi Kurdistan. The three-fold typological model of violence developed by the political scientist Johan Galtung is adopted in the article to explore the ways in which the personal characteristics of individuals and the political, economic, and cultural structures of society are viewed as factors affecting the generation of gendered aggression. Most importantly, for the purpose of this article, is the significant utilisation of the association of Galtung’s typology with feminist studies of violence in the exploration of Kurdish women’s attempt to resist marginalisation and their struggle for recognition. Moreover, Rita Felski’s description and study of modern writing by women as a medium through which female political identities and collective consciousness are constructed and represented are adopted to discuss the structural and thematic properties of the text.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJITemsîla şideta cinsî ya piştî şerî di gotara edebî ya kurdên Iraqê de li herêma BehdînanEv meqale berê xwe dide merheleyên peydakirina dengî, fêrbûna axiftinê û daşikandina bêdengiya li dor şideta cinsî li cem jineke kurd a hewl dide li hember zextan ber xwe bide û wêne û huwiyetên menfî yên dasepandî ji nav bibe. Meqale lê hûr dibe ka çawa jin têdikoşe ku bi rêya berxwedana li hember cudakariya cinsî û bi gotina hikayêtên şidet û bikaranînê, wek ku di gotara romana kurdî ya li Behdînan tê temsîlkirin, bêdengiyên dasepandî bişikîne. Ev meqale li ser romana Sebrî Silêvanî ya bi navê Meryema: Kiçe Jinek Ji Zemanek Dî (2007) hûr dibe û dikeve dû destnîşankirina wan awa û tebeqeyên cihêreng ên şideta li ser jina kurd yên bi destê dab û nerîtên eşîrî û babsalarî û herwiha bi destê dezgehên civakî û siyasî yên di nav civaka kurd a li Kurdistana Iraqê ya piştî şerî têne dasepandin. Di meqelayê de modêla tîpolojîk û sê-tebeqeyî ya şidetê, ku Johan Galtungê zanyarê siyasetê dahînaye, hatiye bikaranîn ji bo veçirandina awayên ku taybetiyên şexsî yên ferdan û binyadên civakê yên siyasî, aborî û çandî wek fakterên kartêker ên peydabûna êrîşkariya cinsî têne dîtin. Ji bo armancên vê gotarê, ev tîpolojiya Galtung ligel xebatên fêmînîst ên li ser şidetê têne bikaranîn da ku hewla jinên kurd a berxwedana li hember perawêzxistinê û venasînê berçavtir bibe. Herwiha, pênase û lêkolîna Rita Felski ya li ser nivîsînên hevçerx ên jinan wek amrazek ji bo avakirin û temsîlkirina huwiyetên siyasî û şiûra cemawerî hatine bikaranîn ji bo vedîtina xasyetên metnê yên binyadî û têmayî.ABSTRACT IN SORANIWênekirdinî tundûtîjîy cenderî le gutarî novêlîstîkî kurdîy 'Êraq le BadînanEm meqaleye degerrêt be dway ew prosaney dozînewey deng, fêrbûnî peyivîn û şkandinî ew bêdengîye ke ballî be ser tundûtîjî cenderî da kêşawe, le xebatî ew jine kurde da ke deyewêt rûberrûwî stemkarî bibêtewe û wêne û şunase nerênîye be zor dasepênrawekan têk bişkênêt. Ew rêgayane be taqî dekatewe ke ew jine le xebatî da be kariyan dehênêt bo şkandinî bêdengiye be zor beserî da sepêndrawe le rêgay rûberrûbûnewey ciyakarî cenderî û gêrranewey dastangelî tundûtîjî û pawankirdin, herweku le gutarî novêlîstîkî da be kar hênrawin le nawçey Badînan. Le rêgay xwêndinewey "Meryeme Kiçejinek Ji Zemanek Dî" nûsraw le layen Sebrî Slêvanîyewe, em meqaleye ew şêwaz û rehendaney tundûtîjî be taqî dekatewe ke le rêga bawe hozgerayî û bawsalarîyekan û bunyade siyasiyekanî komellgay kurdî dway şerr le Kurdistanî 'Êraq da xirawnete ser jinanî kurdewe. Lem meqaleye da modêlî sê çînî taypolojîy tundûtîjî bekarhênrawe ke le layen zanay siyasî Johan Galtungewe dirust kirawe, be mebestî dozînewey ew rêgayaney ke pêyan karakterîstîke kesiyekanî takekan û bunyade siyasî û abûrî kelepurîyekanî komellga weku fakterî karîger nîşan drawin be ser qehrî cenderîyewe. Giringtirîn layenî mebestî em meqaleye nîşandanî ew sudbexşîye giringeye ke peywendîdarkrdinî taypolojî Galtung legell lêkollînewey fêmînîstî le gerran da be dway hewllî jinanî kurd bo rûberrûbenewe le hember perawêzxistin û xebatyan bo ewey ke danyan pêda binirêt. Herweha wesf û lêkollînewey Rîta Felski le nusînî hawçerxî jinan weku geyenerêk ke le rêgayiyewe şunasgelî siyasî û agayîy giştîy mê bunyad denirêt û nîşan dedirêt, be mebestî giftûgokirdin le ser layene bunyadî û tewerîyekanî deq, be kar hênrawe.

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