Unemployment disparities in Asia-Pacific economies: physical capital or human capital

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hui-Hsuan Tang ◽  
De-Chih Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Asia Pacific

scholarly journals The Change of Sources of Growth and Sustainable Development in China: Based on the Extended EKC Explanation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Huaide Wen ◽  
Jun Dai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Traditional Economy

This paper extends the “sources of growth” explanation for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) proposed by Copeland and Taylor in a concise theoretical framework, that is, when the sources of growth are transformed from physical capital and labor to human capital and knowledge, the environmental pollution could at first rise and then fall with a sustainable growth in per capita income. Using the provincial panel data from 1995 to 2017 in the mainland of China, an empirical analysis is carried out by the System Generalized Method of Moment (sys-GMM). The results show that: first, the EKC hypothesis exists in China. The inflection point for SO2 emissions has been passed in all of the provincial regions, and for CO2 and comprehensive environmental pollution losses have not been passed in some regions, but the inflection point from the national average level in China has been passed; second, the main production factors of the traditional economy, physical capital and labor, are positively correlated with environmental pollution, while human capital and green technological progress, the main production factors of the knowledge economy, are negatively related to environmental pollution; third, human capital and green technological progress have become important factors to promote economic growth, and human capital, in particular, has become the primary factor, which indicates that China is in the process of transforming traditional economy into a knowledge economy. The stage of China’s economic development and the trend of environmental pollution is consistent with the extended “sources of growth” explanation for the EKC, which proved the theoretical hypothesis. This has an important practical significance for China’s current economic reform and important theoretical value for the economic transformation and sustainable development of developing countries. The paper finally puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Economic Growth of Asia Pacific Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Nabaz T. Khayyat ◽  
Sherwan Kafoor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Impact

This empirical study examines the determinant of economic growth among Asia Pacific countries. While many other studies focused on specific economies with particular determinants identified from previous studies, this study expands the boundaries of countries to examine different factors that are expected to affect the economic growth in Asia Pacific countries. Estimation results of this study are based on the analysis of a panel data for the period 1994–2011. The impact of total population, industry share of GNI, interest rate, gross fixed capital formation, and tax rate are statistically examined to be strongly significant for the whole sample. In the case of government expenditure and trade openness, they are examined to be significant to some degree. Finally, though human capital is expected to be the main driver of economic growth, the result from correlation analysis revealed that there is a high correlation between expenditure on education and health. To show the impact of human capital on economic growth in Asia Pacific countries, estimation with years of schooling may enhance the study instead of using expenditure on education and health.

scholarly journals FDI INFLOW SPILLOVER EFFECT IMPLICATIONS ON THE ASIA PACIFIC PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH THROUGH THE EXPORT CHANNEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Rahim KIA LASHAKI ◽  
Elsadig Musa AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Impact

This paper inspects the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows onthe catching up process developed by labour, physical capital, human capital, absorptivecapacity, telecommunications investment, and export channel on Asia Pacific's sustainableproductivity growth. A panel data from the period of 1970 to 2012 was used. The modifiedextensive growth theory model that is based on output approach was applied. Bothgrowth accounting and econometric approaches were considered to estimating theparameters of variables in first step and in the second step productivity indicators werecalculated. The results show that the FDI inflows and inputs used are input driven thatwas generally more predominant than total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Meanwhile,The GDP grew significantly during the periods of the study by development of humancapital, export, and telecommunications investment (input driven) variables, whichsupported by FDI inflows. Accordingly, the impact of export channel on the TFP growthfound to be positive with insignificant contribution in most the group selected countries.

Growth strategy with social capital, human capital and physical capital-Theory and evidence: The case of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong Le Van ◽  
Anh Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc-Minh Nguyen ◽  
Michel Simioni
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Capital Theory

PROBLEMS OF REALIZING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Marina N. Khramova ◽  
◽  
Dmitry P. Zorin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

In the current geopolitical conditions and fierce competition in world markets from such dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and a number of others, the preservation and increase of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is of a strategic nature. To ensure the national security and integrity of the country, to strengthen Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific area, the role of the Far East regions comes to the fore. However, the pronounced processes of depopulation of the population of the Far East regions and the stable migration outflow of the working-age population to other regions of Russia and abroad call into question the implementation of many tasks for the sustainable socio-economic development of this macro-region. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are already experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in several industries. This deficit, in the absence of a governmental long-term strategy in the field of human capital formation, will not allow Russia to compete with the fast-growing economies of Asia-Pacific countries in the future. In this article, we analyze the opportunities and potential risks of human capital development through the prism of demographic processes occurring in the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on modern data on fertility, mortality, age-sex structure of the population, trends in interregional and international migration we conclude that for the growth of human capital and sustainable economic growth, the necessary conditions are: the development of transport and social infrastructure of the macro-region, the development of programs of labor mobility of the popu-lation, attracting young people through the educational migration channel, attracting international migrants from the CIS countries as well as from Asia-Pacific countries with a level of education and qualifications corresponding to the economic specialization of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.

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