The Efficacy of Pine Wood Pellets reinforced with Active Hexaflumuron Against the Subterranian Termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren

Abstract Bait formulation using hexaflumuron is the most used baiting techniques because it is relatively friendly to the environment. One of the potential wood species for bait formulation for termites is pine wood. The resin in pine wood can reduce termites preference. Therefore, the resin contained in pine wood needs to be reduced so that the level of termites preference for pine wood can be increased. This study aims to determine the efficacy of the bait formulation in the form of pellets from pine wood (Pinus merkusii Jungh er de Vries) which was pre-treated with presto (0.4 bar, 100 °C) for one, two, three, four, and five hours with active hexaflumuron (0.25%) against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus. Pine wood chips were treated with presto for one hour, two hours, three hours, four hours, and five hours. The treated pine wood chips then made into sawdust by 40-60 mesh. Pine sawdust then added with hexaflumuron (0.25%) and formed into pellets without adding any adhesive material and then fed to the subterranean termites C. curvignathus (JIS K 1571: 2010). Solid pine wood used as a control sample. The result showed that palatability of formulation pellet bait with active hexaflumuron (14.33%) was higher than solid pine wood (6.58%). The formulation of pellet bait with 0.25% active hexaflumuron with presto pre-treatment was able to eliminate C. curvignathus termites.

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Bacterial Biodegradation of Extractives and Patterns of Bordered Pit Membrane Attack in Pine Wood

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.66.12.5201-5205.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 5201-5205 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Todd A. Burnes ◽

Robert A. Blanchette ◽

Roberta L. Farrell

Keyword(s):

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Pulp Mills ◽

Wood Extractives ◽

Bordered Pit ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Pit Membrane ◽

Pine Wood Chips ◽

Ray Parenchyma Cells

ABSTRACT Wood extractives, commonly referred to as pitch, cause major problems in the manufacturing of pulp and paper. Treatment of nonsterile southern yellow pine chips for 14 days withPseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp.,Xanthomonas campestris, and Serratia marcescens reduced wood extractives by as much as 40%. Control treatments receiving only water lost 11% of extractives due to the growth of naturally occurring microorganisms. Control treatments were visually discolored after the 14-day incubation, whereas bacterium-treated wood chips were free of dark staining. Investigations using P. fluorescens NRRL B21432 showed that all individual resin and fatty acid components of the pine wood extractives were substantially reduced. Micromorphological observations showed that bacteria were able to colonize resin canals, ray parenchyma cells, and tracheids. Tracheid pit membranes within bordered pit chambers were degraded after treatment with P. fluorescensNRRL B21432. P. fluorescens and the other bacteria tested appear to have the potential for biological processing to substantially reduce wood extractives in pine wood chips prior to the paper making process so that problems associated with pitch in pulp mills can be controlled.

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The effect of the ionic liquid anion in the pretreatment of pine wood chips

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/b918787a ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 672 ◽

Cited By ~ 235

Author(s):

Agnieszka Brandt ◽

Jason P. Hallett ◽

David J. Leak ◽

Richard J. Murphy ◽

Tom Welton

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Pine Wood Chips

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1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Lodgepole Pine Wood Chips Affected by the Mountain Pine Beetle

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma4010131 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 131-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tara M. Todoruk ◽

Ian D. Hartley ◽

Roshanak Teymoori ◽

Jianzhen Liang ◽

Hartwig Peemoeller

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Mountain Pine ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Pine Wood Chips

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Soaking of pine wood chips with ionic liquids for reduced energy input during grinding

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c2gc15663f ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Agnieszka Brandt ◽

James K. Erickson ◽

Jason P. Hallett ◽

Richard J. Murphy ◽

Antje Potthast ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Energy Input ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Pine Wood Chips

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Pine Wood Chips as an Alternative to Perlite in Greenhouse Substrates: Nitrogen Requirements

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.26.2.199 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 199-205

Author(s):

W. Garrett Owen ◽

Brian E. Jackson ◽

Brian E. Whipker ◽

William C. Fonteno

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Similar Response ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Substrate Solution ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

N Concentration ◽

Pine Wood Chips

Processed pine wood (Pinus sp.) has been investigated as a component in greenhouse and nursery substrates for many years. Specifically, pine wood chips (PWC) have been uniquely engineered/processed into a nonfiberous blockular particle size, suitable for use as a substrate aggregate. In container substrates, nitrogen (N) tie-up during crop production is of concern when substrates contain components with high carbon (C):N ratios, like that of PWC that are made from fresh pine wood. The objective of this research was to compare the N requirements of plants grown in sphagnum peat–based substrates amended with perlite or PWC. Fertility concentrations of 100, 200, or 300 mg·L−1 N were applied to ‘Profusion Orange’ zinnia (Zinnia ×hybrida) and ‘Moonsong Deep Orange’ marigold (Tagetes erecta) grown in sphagnum peat–based substrates containing 10%, 20%, or 30% (by volume) perlite or PWC. Zinnia plant substrate solution electrical conductivity (EC) was not influenced by percentage of perlite or PWC. Perlite-amended substrates fertilized with 200 mg·L−1 N for growing zinnia, maintained a constant EC within optimal levels of 1.0 to 2.6 mS·cm−1 from 14 to 42 days after planting (DAP), and then EC increased at 49 DAP. In substrates fertilized with 100 and 300 mg·L−1 N, EC levels steadily declined and then increased, respectively. Zinnia plants grown in PWC-amended substrates fertilized with 200 mg·L−1 N maintained a constant EC within the optimal range from 14 to 49 DAP. Marigold substrate solution EC was only influenced by N concentration and followed a similar response to zinnia substrate solution EC. Zinnia and marigold substrate solution pH was influenced by N concentration and generally decreased with increasing N concentration. Plant growth and shoot dry weight were similar when fertilized with 100 and 200 mg·L−1 N. According to this study, plants grown in PWC-amended substrates fertilized with 100 to 200 mg·L−1 N can maintain adequate substrate solution pH and EC levels and sustain plant growth with no additional N supplements. Pine wood chips are engineered and processed to specific sizes and shapes to be functional as aggregates in a container substrate. Not all wood components are designed or capable of improving/influencing the physical and chemical behavior of a substrate the same. On the basis of the variability of many wood components being developed and researched, it is suggested that any and all substrate wood components not be considered the same and be tested/trialed before large-scale use.

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