scholarly journals Relative Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Predicts Brain Microstructural Changes in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 445-445
Author(s):  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
Bennett Landman ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Susan Resnick ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Abstract Physical activity especially at moderate-to-vigorous intensity may preserve brain structure in old age. However, current findings are cross-sectional and rely on absolute intensity. This study aimed to examine whether relative or absolute vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) predicts brain microstructural changes. We analyzed 260 initially cognitively normal and well-functioning participants(age=70.5yrs) who had VPA data via ActiHeart and longitudinal brain microstructure by DTI(follow-up=3.7yrs). Associations of VPA with microstructural changes were examined using linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for demographics. Each SD higher relative VPA defined by heart rate reserve (i.e. 21 min/day) was significantly associated with less decline in memory-related microstructural integrity, including mean diffusivity of entorhinal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus and fractional anisotropy of uncinate fasciculus and cingulum-hippocampal part, and not executive/motor-related microstructure. Absolute VPA was not associated with microstructural markers. Among well-functioning older adults, participating in VPA defined by heart rate reserve may predict less brain microstructural decline in memory-related areas.

Abstract P063: The Association Between Physical Activity and Fasting and 2-Hour Glucose in US Adults: NHANES 2013-2014

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R Sparks ◽  
Xuewen F Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Background: Glucose concentrations in a fasted and during a glucose challenged state rely on different mechanisms for regulation. In a fasted state, hepatic regulation of glucose is important; while in a glucose challenged state, muscle glucose disposal becomes more important. Evidence suggests that physical activity of moderate or higher intensities can increase muscle glucose disposal during an insulin-stimulated state, but has less effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between glucose concentrations (fasting and after an oral glucose ingestion) and minutes of physical activity at moderate- and vigorous-intensity in a large population. Methods: The sample included 2,807 adults (47.4% male and 52.6% female) aged 18-80 years who participated in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2013-2014 and who did not take any diabetic medications. Minutes being physically active at moderate- and vigorous-intensities during work, and recreationally, were collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire, which was based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Moderate-intensity physical activity was defined as any activity that caused a small increase in breathing or heart rate, while vigorous-intensity physical activity was defined as large increases in breathing or heart rate. Both intensities had to be performed for a minimum of 10 continuous minutes. Plasma glucose concentrations at fasting and 2 hours after consumption of a drink containing 75g glucose (2-hour glucose) were determined. Pearson product correlations were performed for analysis. Results: The population had 141±133 (mean±SD) minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity during work and 63±56 minutes recreationally, as well as 174±156 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity during work and 77±56 minutes recreationally. Minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity performed during work was associated with 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations (r=0.15; p=0.045); this association was not affected after adjusting for age, race, and sex (p=0.049), but was no longer significant after BMI was also adjusted (p=0.059). Recreational or total minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity, and moderate-intensity physical activity was not associated with 2-hour glucose (p>0.20). Additionally, none of the physical activity minutes was associated with fasting glucose (p>0.27). Conclusion: Self-reported vigorous-intensity physical activity during work was positively associated with 2-hour glucose, but not fasting glucose. The results are surprising. Further studies with objective physical activity measures are needed to examine the associations with fasting and 2-hour glucose.

scholarly journals Moderate-to-Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Observed in People With Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers Over a One-Week Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-835
Author(s):  
Maggie Lee ◽  
Jaap J. van Netten ◽  
Helen Sheahan ◽  
Peter A. Lazzarini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Daily Time

Background: Regular moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity results in health benefits in people with diabetes. No study has observed the moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity typically performed by people with diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) in their everyday free-living environments. We observed the bouts, and accumulated time, spent doing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in cases with DFU compared with diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetes (DM) controls over a one-week period. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional case-control study. Participants wore a multisensor device for >5 days (>22 hours per day). Primary outcomes included the number, duration (minutes) and intensity (metabolic equivalent tasks [METs]) of bouts of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (defined as at least >3 METs for >10 consecutive minutes). Secondary outcomes included the total accumulated times spent doing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (>3 METs) and doing sedentary-intensity activity (<1.5 METs). DFU subgroups with minor amputations and nonremovable offloading devices were also analyzed. Results: Overall, 15 DM, 23 DPN, and 27 DFU participants were included. All groups recorded similar low median daily numbers (0.33, 0.29, 0.25 numbers, respectively), duration (15, 17, 14 minutes), and intensity of daily bouts of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (4.1, 4.3, 3.9 METs) (all, P > .1). Median accumulated daily time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity was also similar (40, 37, 36 minutes; P > .8). Those with DFU had more mean accumulated daily time spent doing sedentary-intensity activity (796 minutes) compared to DPN (720 minutes; P < .05), but not compared to DM (728 minutes; P < .08). DFU subgroups with minor amputations had more median accumulated daily time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (66, 28 minutes; P < .05) and less mean time doing sedentary-intensity activity (745, 837; P < .05) than those without amputations. Conclusions: People with DFU performed similar low numbers of daily bouts of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity to controls, but spend more time doing sedentary-intensity activities. Interventions that gradually increase the moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in people with DFU should be investigated.

Predictivity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form for 5-Year Incident Disability Among Japanese Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kurita ◽  
Takehiko Doi ◽  
Kota Tsutsumimoto ◽  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
Hideaki Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Japanese Older Adults ◽  
Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Physically Inactive

Background: This study aimed to examine whether physical activity measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) can predict incident disability in Japanese older adults. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults participated in a prospective cohort survey. The time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was assessed at the survey baseline using the IPAQ-SF. The participants were categorized into those who spent ≥150 minutes per week (physically active) or <150 minutes per week (physically inactive) in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. Incident disability was monitored through Long-Term Care Insurance certification during a follow-up lasting 5 years. Results: Among the 4387 analyzable participants (mean age = 75.8 y, 53.5% female), the IPAQ-SF grouped 1577 (35.9%) and 2810 (64.1%) participants as those who were physically active and inactive, respectively. A log-rank test showed a significantly higher incidence of disability among the inactive group of participants (P < .001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that physically inactive participants had a higher risk of incident disability than the physically active ones did, even after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07–1.45, P < .001). Conclusions: Older adults identified as physically inactive using the IPAQ-SF had a greater risk of developing disabilities than those identified as physically active. The IPAQ-SF seems to be appropriate to estimate the incidence risk of disability.

scholarly journals Validation and extension of a simple questionnaire to assess physical activity in pre-school children

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otmar Bayer ◽  
Marc Jarczok ◽  
Joachim Fischer ◽  
Rüdiger von Kries ◽  
Freia De Bock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
School Children ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

AbstractObjectiveTo (i) validate a recently proposed questionnaire tool for the simple assessment of physical activity (PA) in pre-school children by comparison with accelerometry and heart-rate recordings; and (ii) extend the tool by adding more questions to improve validity and to refine the classification from two to three categories (PA low, medium, high).SettingBaseline data of an intervention evaluation study.SubjectsPre-school children.DesignChildren were categorized as either physically active or non-active, based on their parents’ answers to the five-item questionnaire. Activity and heart rate were recorded for 6 d (Actiheart device; CamNtech, Cambridge, UK). Nightly sleeping periods were removed and mean accelerometry counts (MACT), time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and time spent in sedentary behaviour (SB) were computed. In a second step, additional questions that improved validity were added, resulting in an extended seven-item questionnaire.ResultsFor 748 (90·4 %) of the participating children aged 2·3–6·7 years, the questionnaires were filled out sufficiently for classification. Children classified as physically active showed 9·6 % higher MACT (P < 0·0003), spent more time in MVPA and insignificantly less time in SB. Using the extended questionnaire, children with PA classified as medium (reference: low) showed 11·0 % more MACT, spent 11·8 % more time in MVPA and 4·8 % less time in SB. Children with PA classified as high showed 16·9 % more MACT, spent 20·2 % more time in MVPA and 7·2 % less time in SB.ConclusionsWith validated PA questionnaires for pre-school children lacking, the proposed questionnaire might be a reasonable option to include for PA assessment in epidemiological studies where more elaborate measurements are unavailable.

scholarly journals Comparison of Physical Activity in Small-Sided Basketball Games versus Full-Sided Games

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. McCormick ◽  
James C. Hannon ◽  
Maria Newton ◽  
Barry Shultz ◽  
Nicole Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Average Heart Rate ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Quality Learning

Organized youth sports leagues attempt to meet many goals. Three primary needs for a youth sports league are to meet the participants' desires, provide quality learning experiences, and develop the competencies needed for continued participation. Possessing the ball, shooting more, and being more involved with a team's offense lead to more enjoyment and feelings of competence. Therefore, increasing the involvement of each player through more ball contacts should be a goal of youth sports leagues. Twelve male basketball players (age=15) from one high-school basketball team participated in this study. This study used paired t-tests to examine the differences between three-on-three basketball games and five-on-five basketball games that lasted for eight minutes in terms of average heart rate, moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, vigorous intensity activity, and ball contacts. There were no significant differences between average heart rate, moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity, or vigorous intensity activity in the two conditions, but there were significantly more ball contacts on average in the three-on-three games. These results suggest that three-on-three leagues may be an appropriate sport for the initial exposure to basketball for youth players.

Light-Intensity Physical Activity Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Elderly Japanese Women Independent of Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Gando ◽  
Haruka Murakami ◽  
Ryoko Kawakami ◽  
Noriko Tanaka ◽  
Kiyoshi Sanada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly Japanese Women ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Elderly Japanese

Background:It is unclear whether light physical activity is beneficially associated with insulin resistance, similar to moderate and/or vigorous physical activity. This cross-sectional study was performed to determine the relationship between the amount of light physical activity, as determined with a triaxial accelerometer, and insulin resistance.Methods:A total of 807 healthy men and women participated in this study. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer worn for 28 days and summarized as light intensity (1.1–2.9 METs) or moderate to vigorous intensity (≥ 3.0 METs). Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA_R (FPG [mg/dL] × IRI [μU/mL]/405).Results:The daily time spent in light physical activity was inversely associated with HOMA_R (r = –0.173, P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the association between light physical activity and HOMA_R remained statistically significant (β = –0.119, P < .05). Light physical activity remained significantly associated with HOMA_R following further adjustment for moderate to vigorous intensity activity (β = –0.125, P < .05). Similar results were observed when light physical activity was modeled as quartiles, especially in elderly women.Conclusions:These cross-sectional data suggest that light-intensity physical activity is beneficially associated with insulin resistance in elderly Japanese women.

scholarly journals Sedentary behavior, physical activity and renal function in middle-aged and older adults: isotemporal substitution modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisei Kosaki ◽  
Koichiro Tanahashi ◽  
Masahiro Matsui ◽  
Nobuhiko Akazawa ◽  
Yosuke Osuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Potential Benefits

Abstract Background: Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (too much sitting) can contribute to renal dysfunction. However, the potential benefits of behavior change (e.g., replacing sedentary behavior with physical activity) on renal function are not fully understood. We used isotemporal substitution to model potential impacts on renal function of replacing time from one behavior to another in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: For 174 Japanese adults (aged 50 – 83 years; 76 % women), the time spent in sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using uniaxial accelerometers. Renal function was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels. Results: In univariate analyses, eGFR was significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with time spent in sedentary behavior ( r s = – 0.229), LPA ( r s = 0.265) and with MVPA ( r s = 0.353). In the isotemporal substitution models, replacement of 30 min/day of sedentary behavior with equivalent LPA time was not significantly associated with eGFR ( β = 2.25, p = 0.111); however, replacement with the same amount of MVPA was beneficially associated with eGFR ( β = 5.51, p < 0.05). Conclusions: These cross-sectional findings suggest that both sedentary behavior (detrimentally) and physical activity (beneficially) may be contributors to maintaining renal function and that replacing sedentary behavior with MVPA may benefit renal health in middle-aged and older adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document