scholarly journals The Blonde d’Aquitaine T3811>G3811 mutation in the myostatin gene: association with growth, carcass, and muscle phenotypes in veal calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Vinet ◽  
Claire Bouyer ◽  
Lionel Forestier ◽  
Ahmad Oulmouden ◽  
Véronique Blanquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Myostatin Gene ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Holstein Population

Abstract The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d’Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation was indeed the only known mutation segregating in this population. Fifty-six calves (43 F2, 13 back-cross) were intensively fattened and slaughtered at 24.0 ± 1.4 wk of age. The effects of the mutation were estimated by comparing the calves with the [T/T] (n = 18), [T/G] (n = 30), and [G/G] (n = 8) genotypes. Highly significant substitution effects (P < 0.001), above + 1.2 phenotypic SD, were shown on carcass yield and muscularity scores. Birth weight (P < 0.001) was positively affected by the mutation (+0.8 SD) but not growth rate (P = 0.97), while carcass length (P = 0.03), and fatness (P ≤ 0.03) were negatively affected (–0.5 to –0.7 SD). The characteristics of the Triceps brachii muscle were affected by the mutation (P < 0.001), with lower ICDH activity (oxidative) and a higher proportion of myosin type 2X muscle fibers (fast twitch). The effects of the TG3811 mutation were similar to those of other known myostatin mutations, although the Blonde d’Aquitaine animals, which are predominantly [G/G] homozygous, do not exhibit extreme double muscling.

Relationship between muscle force and muscle area showing glycogen loss during locomotion

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
R. B. Armstrong ◽  
C. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fast Twitch

This experiment was designed to study the relationship between the cross-sectional area of rat skeletal muscle showing glycogen loss and the muscle forces exerted during exercise. Muscular force exerted by the extensors of the elbows and ankle was increased by 24% by loading rats with 24% of their body mass while running them on a treadmill at 30 m.min-1. VO2 increased by 24% and stride frequency was unchanged when the rats ran with loads. Cross-sectional areas of the elbow and ankle extensor muscles showing glycogen loss were compared from rats running with and without the load. We found a nearly direct proportionality between the changes in force and the changes in muscle area showing glycogen loss, i.e. when the force of the extensors was increased by 24%, the cross-sectional area of the elbow extensors showing glycogen loss increased by 28%, and that of the ankle extensor group increased by 24%. The more peripheral muscles in each group accounted for a greater proportion of the increase in cross-sectional area of the group showing glycogen loss (i.e. lateral and long heads of triceps brachii muscle accounted for 91% of the increase in the elbow extensor group, and gastrocnemius muscle accounted for 84% of the increase in the ankle extensor group). Most of the increases in muscle area showing glycogen loss occurred in fast-twitch-glycolytic fibres (84% in the elbow and 88% in the ankle). The data suggest that increasing muscle force requirements by 24% by loading resulted in proportional increases in cross-sectional area of muscles recruited to produce the force, i.e. that spatial recruitment primarily accounted for the elevation in force. The relatively greater increases in cross-sectional area showing glycogen loss of peripheral muscles within a group indicate the importance of studying whole groups of muscles when considering muscular recruitment patterns during exercise.

scholarly journals Combined Analyses of Data From Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Studies: Chromosome 4 Effects on Porcine Growth and Fatness

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1369-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A Walling ◽  
Peter M Visscher ◽  
Leif Andersson ◽  
Max F Rothschild ◽  
Lizhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Mapping Populations ◽  
Combined Data

Abstract For many species several similar QTL mapping populations have been produced and analyzed independently. Joint analysis of such data could be used to increase power to detect QTL and evaluate population differences. In this study, data were collated on almost 3000 pigs from seven different F2 crosses between Western commercial breeds and either the European wild boar or the Chinese Meishan breed. Genotypes were available for 31 markers on chromosome 4 (on average 8.3 markers per population). Data from three traits common to all populations (birth weight, mean backfat depth at slaughter or end of test, and growth rate from birth to slaughter or end of test) were analyzed for individual populations and jointly. A QTL influencing birth weight was detected in one individual population and in the combined data, with no significant interaction of the QTL effect with population. A QTL affecting backfat that had a significantly greater effect in wild boar than in Meishan crosses was detected. Some evidence for a QTL affecting growth rate was detected in all populations, with no significant differences between populations. This study is the largest F2 QTL analysis achieved in a livestock species and demonstrates the potential of joint analysis.

Influence of muscle anatomical cross-sectional area on the moment arm length of the triceps brachii muscle at the elbow joint

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 2844-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihide Sugisaki ◽  
Taku Wakahara ◽  
Naokazu Miyamoto ◽  
Koichiro Murata ◽  
Hiroaki Kanehisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
The Moment

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

Cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of shoulder and elbow tendons in adult German Shepherd dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Loprete ◽  
V. Musella ◽  
D. Britti ◽  
J. M. Vilar ◽  
G. Spinella
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Distal Tendon

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of the main tendons of the shoulder and elbow joints in adult German Shepherd dogs and to determine the effects of sex, weight, and age on these parameters. No previous publications in the veterinary literature have reported information regarding quantitative ultrasonographic tendon measurements in dogs.Thirty German Shepherd dogs were examined: 13 males and 17 females. The cross-sectional area was significantly higher in males than in females (p <0.05) for the distal tendon of the triceps brachii muscle and the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and common digital extensor muscles. The influence of sex on mean echogenicity was not significant. According to age, mean echogenicity was higher in older dogs, while the cross-sectional areas were similar in the two groups. Cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of the tendons showed a direct increase with an increase in body weight. The data gained from this study can help support the clinician to discriminate between normal and pathological conditions.

The performance of pregnant and lactating Merino ewes and their lambs fed survival rations of wheat grain and sawdust

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata ◽  
Maintenance Ration

Merino ewes were mated at pasture and then fed in pens either a maintenance or an 80 per cent maintenance ration of wheat grain three times a week. Half the animals at each feeding level were offered Spotted Gum (Eucalyptus maculata) sawdust. Addition of sawdust to the ration did not affect liveweight change and the wool growth rate of ewes or the birth weight and growth rate of lambs. It did, however, affect the long-term survival rate of ewes. Of the ewes that died after three months of survival feeding, four were in groups fed wheat alone and one in a group fed sawdust with the wheat. The survival rate and growth rate of lambs in all treatments were poor.

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