scholarly journals 2700. Evaluation of 10- and 13-Valent Protein Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine Effectiveness for Children in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S949-S950
Author(s):  
Sangho Sohn ◽  
Kwan Hong ◽  
Hari Hwang ◽  
Byung Chul Chun
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background Pneumococcal vaccination for infants was introduced to the mandatory National Immunization Program (NIP) of Korea in May 2014. Both 10- and 13-valent protein conjugated vaccines (PCV) have been in use with 3 + 1 dose schedule. We assessed the vaccine effectiveness in protecting children from all-cause pneumonia (ACP), pneumococcal pneumonia (PP), invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), and acute otitis media (AOM). Methods The birth cohort of children born between 2013 and 2015 was identified from the national population registry for retrospective observation. Vaccination status was confirmed through NIP registry by Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and disease occurrence was detected through the National Health Insurance System. Children who finished at least 3-doses of PCV were classified vaccinated while who did not receive any type of pneumococcal vaccine until study end were classified unvaccinated. The outcome of interest was hospital admission from any of pneumococcal infections among ACP, PP, IPD or AOM. After adjusting for high risk and underlying conditions, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated with Cox regression. VE of different valent PCV was also compared within fully vaccinated (4-doses) children. Results A total of 1,243,432 children were included. Fifty-one percent of children were boys and median age was 30-months. Ninety-eight percent were vaccinated and 89% of them were fully vaccinated. The incidence (per 100,000 person-years) of ACP was 10,982 in vaccinated and 9,276 in unvaccinated, and that of IPD and AOM were 1.0 vs 1.5 and 45.7 vs 31.3, respectively. The vaccine had protective effect for ACP (VE 20.2% [95% CI 19.5–20.9]), PP (VE 25.5% [95% CI 21.1–29.6]), IPD meningitis (VE 93.6% [95% CI 27.1–99.4]) and AOM (VE 4.6% [95% CI 4.1–5.1]). When fully vaccinated with PCV10, compared with PCV13, it was statistically more protective against ACP (VE 22.7% vs. 19.6%, P = 0.033) and PP (VE 50.8% vs. 21.3%, P < 0.001) but not different against AOM (VE 4.2% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.53). Conclusion Four-doses of PCV strategy for children in current mandatory NIP is effective for protecting the vaccinated from ACP, PP, IPD, and AOM. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals 2713. Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Korean National Population Cohort over 65 Years Old

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S954-S954
Author(s):  
Sangho Sohn ◽  
Kwan Hong ◽  
Hari Hwang ◽  
Byung Chul Chun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
National Population ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background Twenty-three valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) has been introduced to the National Immunization Program (NIP) for adults aged 65 years and older in Korea since 2013. We describe the effectiveness evaluation of PPSV among adults against pneumococcal infections including all-cause pneumonia (ACP), pneumococcal pneumonia (PP), and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) using national population cohort. Methods Vaccination records of the national population, aged 65 years and older, from NIP registry by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) were matched to their corresponding medical records by National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) for retrospective cohort analysis. Adults vaccinated with 1-dose PPSV between 2013 and 2016 were compared with those non-vaccinated. Primary outcomes were hospitalization due to ACP, PP, and IPD. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) adjusted for high risk and underlying conditions was calculated as one minus hazard rate ratio (HR) using Cox regression. Results Records of 6,743,002 cohort members were included. Forty-three percent were male, and median age was 75-years. Among the cohort, 3,425,949 (51%) were vaccinated during the study period. Incidence (per 100,000 person-years) of each disease in vaccinated and unvaccinated, respectively, was 2,184 and 1,584 for ACP, 8.9 and 5.4 for PP, and 1.6 and 1.9 for IPD. VE against IPD was 41.7% (95% CI 28.8–52.3) and against IPD sepsis was 53.5% (95% CI 39.8–64.0). PPSV was also protective against ACP with VE 7.2% (95% CI 6.6–7.8). When stratified by age-group, adults aged 65–74 years were better protected from ACP (VE 16.5% [95% CI 15.6–17.3]) compared with older adults aged 75 years or older (VE –0.4% [95% CI –1.2 to 0.4]), while VE was higher in older adults against IPD (VE 47.6% [95% CI 32.4–59.4]) and IPD sepsis (VE 54.9 [95% CI 38.4–66.9]) than in 65–74 years group (IPD VE 30.4% [95% CI 3.4–49.9]; sepsis VE 49.0% [95% CI 19.7–67.6]). Conclusion Single-dose PPSV strategy for adults in general population is protective against PCV, IPD, and IPD sepsis. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccination against Recurrent Otitis Media

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karma ◽  
J. Luotonen ◽  
J. Pukander ◽  
M. Leinonen ◽  
M. Timonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Parenteral Immunization

For this study, 781 children, aged 3 to 83 months, after presenting with acute otitis media, were immunized with either 14-valent pneumococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine. The vaccines were tolerated well. Antibody responses to the 14 pneumococcal polysaccharide types, measured by radioimmunoassay, were fair to good and increased with age, with the exception of types 1, 6 and 12 to which the responses were generally poor. During the follow-up of 1–17 months, average 13 months, 45 vaccine type (except type 6) pneumococcal recurrences were met among 456 pneumococcal-vaccinated and 45 among 288 H. influenzae-vaccinated children, at least six months old ( P < .05). The corresponding protective efficacy by the pneumococcal vaccine was 37%, for the first six months, 51% ( P < .01). No protection by the pneumococcal vaccine was seen against group 6 pneumococci, nor among 19 infants under six months of age. Nonvaccine type pneumococcal and H. influenzae recurrences did not significantly concentrate in either of the vaccination groups. Thus, it seems that parenteral immunization of children can reduce the recurrence rate of otitis media caused by pneumococci of types (except type 6) present in the vaccine.

scholarly journals Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Gidding ◽  
Hannah Moore ◽  
Lisa McCallum ◽  
Parveen Fathima ◽  
Thomas Snelling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Universal Program ◽  
National Immunisation

ABSTRACTObjectivesAustralia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide. We have, for the first time, linked the ACIR to other health datasets to measure the real-world impact of Australia’s immunisation program. In this study, we aimed to assess the population-based effectiveness of the 3-dose infant pneumococcal vaccination program (due at 2, 4, and 6 months) against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been available since 2001 and a funded universal program started in 2005 (with a switch to 13-valent PCV in 2011). ApproachVaccination records from ACIR, death records, and invasive pneumococcal disease notifications for 2001-2013 were individually linked for 1.37 million children born in 2001-2012 in two Australian states (Western Australia and New South Wales). A Cox proportional hazards model (adjusting for sex, Indigenous status and year of birth) was used to estimate the hazard ratio for invasive pneumococcal disease in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated children less than 2 years old. The per cent of disease prevented by vaccination, or vaccine effectiveness, was calculated as (1-adjusted hazard ratio) x 100%. ResultsFrom 2005, vaccination coverage with dose 3 of the pneumococcal vaccine was steady at ~91% in eligible cohorts. Between 2001 and 2013, there were 468 notifications of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes during 2.66 million person years of observation; only 39 (8.3%) of these cases occurred after the universal program was implemented. Vaccine effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes for 1, 2 and 3 doses of the pneumococcal vaccine was 68% (95%CI: 44-89%), 93% (81-97%), and 92% (95%CI: 86-93%), respectively. ConclusionThis is the first study to link Australia’s national immunisation register and measure population-based vaccine effectiveness. The study provides robust evidence of the effectiveness of at least 2 doses of pneumococcal vaccine against vaccine serotype specific infection using a 3 dose infant schedule.

scholarly journals 1373. Vaccine Effectiveness and Pneumococcal Serotypes in Pediatric Otitis Media in the Era of Routine 13-valent Pneumococcal Vaccination in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S696-S697
Author(s):  
Kristina G Hulten ◽  
William Barson ◽  
P Ling Lin ◽  
John S Bradley ◽  
Timothy R Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Pneumococcal acute otitis media (AOM) in children due to vaccine related serotypes (St) declined after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Methods Patients &lt; 18 years with pneumococcal OM isolates from 2014-2019 from the U S Pediatric Multicenter Pneumococcal Surveillance Group were analyzed for demographics, immunization status, antimicrobial susceptibility and St distribution. p&lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated using a standard formula: 1-([PCV13St vaccinated (≥3 PCV13 doses) x Non-PCV13St unvaccinated (0-1 PCV13 doses)]/[PCV13St unvaccinated x Non-PCV13St vaccinated]) Results 646 patients were identified. Patients with PCV13 St were older compared to patients with non-PCV13 serotypes (3.3 vs 1.5 median years, p&lt; 0.0001). Most isolates were from spontaneous drainage (71.4 %) and PE tube placements (26.9%). 36 different Sts were identified; 83.4% of isolates were non-PCV13 Sts; 35B represented 18.3% of all isolates. St 19A decreased over time (p=0.0003). 14% of isolates had penicillin MIC ≥2 µg/ml and 2.4% had ceftriaxone MIC &gt;1 µg/ml. (Figure) 633 patients had known vaccine status. VE was 86.4% (Table). Table. Conclusion Non-PCV13 Sts caused most pneumococcal OM. St35B was the most common St. St 19A decreased as a cause of otitis. In this study the VE of≥3 PCV13 doses was 86% for pneumococcal OM. Disclosures Tina Q. Tan, MD, Pfizer (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Chair, DMSB for PCV20 vaccine) Pia S. Pannaraj, MD, MPH, AstraZeneca (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Advisor or Review Panel member) Sheldon L. Kaplan, MD, Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION OF CHILDREN AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

2016 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Chuchalin ◽  
G. G. Onischenko ◽  
V. P. Kolosov ◽  
O. P. Kurganova ◽  
N. L. Tezikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
High Level

Aim. To study the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal vaccination of children in the organization of anti-epidemic measures in the areas of the flood in the Amur region. Material and methods. The monitoring program included 4988 children aged 2 to 5 years who have risk factors for pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar-13 was used for immunization. Data on the incidence of child with acute respiratory infection, acute otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis during the post-vaccination period were taken into account. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination we used indicators and specific criteria (coefficient prophylactic vaccination and infection index). Results. The level of total morbidity of children in post-immunization period decreased by 13.6%; the number of cases of pneumonia in the population of observed children decreased by 2.3 times; the total duration of the illness in children decreased by 14.6%, the number of courses of antibiotic therapy was reduced by 21.3%, the number of hospital admissions of children- 38.4%, the number of days of temporary disability of parents - 11.1%. Direct dependence of the degree of effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal disease by the age of children is determined. Conclusion. The findings suggest that implementation of the program of clinical and epidemiological monitoring and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia with use of a vaccine against pneumococcal infections in the territory of the Amur Region has a high level of medical and socio-economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal vaccine uptake and vaccine effectiveness in older adults with invasive pneumococcal disease in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie R Perniciaro ◽  
Mark van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past

Background - Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in people ≥60 years old is on the rise in Germany. There has been a recommendation for pneumococcal vaccination in this age group since 1998. Methods - We determined the vaccination status of people ≥60 years old with IPD in Germany. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the recommended 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). Results - The rate of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults with IPD is low, 26%, with only 16% of people receiving a pneumococcal vaccine within the past 5 years. Age- and sex- adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) for PPV23 was 37% (95% confidence interval 12% - 55%). For people vaccinated with PPV23 less than 2 years prior to IPD, VE was -20% (-131% - 34%), between 2-4 years prior to IPD, VE was 56% (20% - 76%), and 47% (17% - 63%) for those vaccinated ≥5 years ago. Excluding serotype 3, overall VE for the remaining serotypes in PPV23 was 63% (49% - 74%). For people receiving PPV23 within the past 2 years, VE against all serotypes except 3 was 49% (12% - 71%); for people vaccinated between 2-4 years prior to IPD 66% (37% - 82%); for those vaccinated ≥5 years ago, 69% (50% - 81%). VE of PPV23 against serotype 3 IPD only was -110% (-198% - -47%). Conclusions - To reduce IPD in older adults in Germany, we must increase the rate of pneumococcal vaccine uptake. For 22/23 serotypes, PPV23 was effective. Serotype 3 remains a major problem.

scholarly journals Clinical and Immunological Aspects of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
I. O. Stoma
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Current State

Relevance. Among the groups at high risk of developing invasive pneumococcal infections, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) stand out among the highest rates of morbidity and mortality due to the presence of profound immunosuppression. Aims: to outline the current state of the problem of vaccine prevention of pneumococcal infection in patients receiving treatment for multiple myeloma, to present the evidence base for vaccination with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. A continuous data review method was used to evaluate the studies on vaccination approaches against pneumococcal infection in patients with multiple myeloma. Conclusions. The article presents modern epidemiological data, as well as the results of original studies of clinical and immunological aspects of pneumococcal vaccination in patients with MM receiving new targeted agents and immunotherapy. The effectiveness of the use of the conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in patients treated with MM with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and ixazomib was indicated. An independent protective effect of pneumococcal vaccination has been shown as a preventive measure in a cohort of patients with MM, against the background of treatment with new targeted drugs.

scholarly journals 570. “I don’t know”: The Typical Response When Taking Pneumococcal Immunization Histories in Kidney Transplant Candidates

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S349-S351
Author(s):  
Jahanavi M Ramakrishna ◽  
Tambi Jarmi ◽  
Claudia R Libertin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Order Completion ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Vaccine-preventable diseases account for significant morbidity and mortality in the kidney transplant (KT) patient population. AST Guidelines support review and documentation of pneumococcal vaccines in KT candidate infectious disease (ID) evaluations. The objective of this study is to determine the number of KT candidates screened for prior pneumococcal immunizations and the frequency of vaccines ordered by providers when indicated at Mayo Clinic Florida’s (MCF) Transplant Center. Methods This study was an institution-based retrospective analysis of all KT candidates evaluated at MCF from December 2, 2019 – January 14, 2020. Data collection was obtained by electronic health record review. Outcomes included known history and documentation rates of prior pneumococcal vaccinations (both Prevnar 13 and Pneumovax 23) by infectious disease (ID) providers, as well as pneumococcal vaccine order frequency during ID pre-transplant evaluation when indicated. Data analysis was done using simple descriptive statistics. Results Sixty-one patients underwent KT evaluation during the study period. Among the 61 patients, 20 (32.8%) and 20 (32.8%) had a known prior history of receiving Prevnar 13 and Pneumovax 23 vaccinations, respectively. Vaccine history was unknown for Prevnar 13 and Pneumovax 23 in 39 (63.9%) patients. Vaccine status was not documented by ID providers in 2 (3.3%) patients. When appropriate, ID providers ordered Prevnar 13 and Pneumovax 23 in 38 (92.7%) and 41 (100%) patients, respectively. Orders included both electronic and written documentation to account for patients planning immunization elsewhere. Of the 38 patients advised to receive the Prevnar 13 vaccine, 17 (41.5%) patients were documented completing immunization. Pneumovax 23 order completion rates were not recorded since the study period only lasted six weeks due to closure by COVID-19. Table 1. Pneumococcal Vaccine History Documentation Rates Obtained by Patient Recall or Records Table 2. Pneumococcal Vaccine Order Rates at Pre-Kidney Transplant Consultations Table 3. Prevnar 13 Order Completion Rate by Documentation Conclusion The data reflect a high number of patients who either do not recall or have documentation of prior pneumococcal vaccination available at time of KT ID evaluation. Providers documented history of pneumococcal vaccinations extremely well, ordering immunizations when necessary. This study highlights lack of portability of immunization histories in a given patient population and opportunity for improved care. Disclosures Claudia R. Libertin, MD, Pfizer, Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)

scholarly journals Changes in epigenetic profiles throughout early childhood and their relationship to the response to pneumococcal vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pischedda ◽  
Daniel O’Connor ◽  
Benjamin P. Fairfax ◽  
Antonio Salas ◽  
Federico Martinon-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections

Abstract Background Pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children and immaturity of the immune system partly underlies poor vaccine responses seen in the young. Emerging evidence suggests a key role for epigenetics in the maturation and regulation of the immune system in health and disease. The study aimed to investigate epigenetic changes in early life and to understand the relationship between the epigenome and antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination. Methods The epigenetic profiles from 24 healthy children were analyzed at 12 months prior to a booster dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13), and at 24 months of age, using the Illumina Methylation 450 K assay and assessed for differences over time and between high and low vaccine responders. Results Our analysis revealed 721 significantly differentially methylated positions between 12 and 24 months (FDR < 0.01), with significant enrichment in pathways involved in the regulation of cell–cell adhesion and T cell activation. Comparing high and low vaccine responders, we identified differentially methylated CpG sites (P value < 0.01) associated with HLA-DPB1 and IL6. Conclusion These data imply that epigenetic changes that occur during early childhood may be associated with antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccines.

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