Reflections on Institutional Cosmopolitanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Beardsworth
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Political Purpose ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Change Mitigation

With its moral commitment to the individual, cosmopolitanism has often downplayed the role of the state in cosmopolitan commitments and their practices. There is, however, emerging concern to put the state back into cosmopolitan concerns. This chapter argues that two outstanding reasons for this intellectual move are of an institutional and political nature. First, despite the recent pluralization of global actors, states remain the major agents of change within a (post-Western) system of states; both the moral and political purpose of the state should therefore be aligned with global imperatives. Second, a clearly formulated “marriage” between the global and the national is required to line up institutional motivation for enlightened global policy. This chapter argues, accordingly, for cosmopolitan state responsibilities toward the provision of global public goods (examples include nuclear disarmament, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and sustainable development).

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Mike Allen ◽  
Lars Benjaminsen ◽  
Eoin O’Sullivan ◽  
Nicholas Pleace
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Administrative Culture ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The Individual

Chapter 7 draws together some of the lessons that can be learned from the experiences of three small European countries in responding to homelessness. It is clear that responses to homelessness are embedded and enmeshed in the political and administrative culture of the individual countries, particularly the role of the state, both centrally and locally, in the provision of housing, welfare, and social services. Homelessness cannot be responded to as a separate issue from this broader context, and this is particularly the case in Finland and Ireland, where the roles of the state and market are understood very differently.

Neither justice nor charity? Kant on ‘general injustice’

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Past Injustice ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe often make a distinction between what we owe as a matter of repayment, and what we give or offer out of charity. But how shall we describe our obligations to fellow citizens when we are in a position to be charitable because of a past injustice on the part of the state? This essay examines the moral implications of past injustice by considering Immanuel Kant’s remarks on this phenomenon in his lectures and writings. In particular, it discusses the role of the state and the individual in addressing the problem.

scholarly journals Cyber security: the role of the state in protecting society and individual personality in maintaining interethnic peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1 SI) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Viktor Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Individual

Cybersecurity, cyberwarfare, information wars, cyber defense, cyberspace - concepts that have recently increasingly filled the space around everyone. More and more often we hear these words, more and more often they play an important role. The role of the state in the protection of the national social space, the protection of the individual in this information confrontation is also growing. Equally important in our fleeting world is the growing problem of protecting interethnic peace in the country, and especially in such polyethnic states as Ukraine. Nowadays, even relatively mono-ethnic states, due to active migration processes and significant economic changes, have to deal with the security of the interethnic space. After all, the security of the information space is now, without a doubt, also the security of the state.

Protestantism, Anxiety and Orientations to the Environment: Sweden as a Test Case for the Ideas of Richard Sennett

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Stanworth
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Richard Sennett

AbstractThis paper examines how Protestant beliefs can influence orientations to the natural and built environment. Sweden is taken as a test case for a critical evaluation of Richard Sennett's American-focused claims that Protestant-induced anxieties encourage moves to create bland, neutralised environments in which temptation and contact with distractingly different others can be minimised. The paper documents ways in which Swedish environmental orientations fail to fit with Sennett's account and elaborates how Protestantism has the potential to generate a wider range of outcomes than he recognises. It then suggests that variations in the impact the same religion may have produced in the Swedish and American context might be linked to cross-societal differences in the relation between the individual and the collective, and in the role of the state.

scholarly journals ‘Tightness’, recognition and penal power

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Ben Crewe ◽  
Alice Ievins
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Sex Offences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual

Prison scholarship has tended to focus on the pains and frustrations that result from the use and over-use of penal power. Yet the absence of such power and the subjective benefits of its grip are also worthy of attention. This article begins by drawing on recent literature and research findings to develop the concept of ‘tightness’ beyond its initial formulation. Drawing primarily on data from a study of men convicted of sex offences, it goes on to explain that, in some circumstances, the reach and hold of penal power are not experienced as oppressive and undesirable, and, indeed, may be welcomed. Conversely, institutional inattention and an absence of grip may be experienced as painful. Prisons, then, can be ‘loose’ or ‘lax’ as well as ‘tight’. The article then discusses the different ways in which prisons exercise grip, and, in doing so, recognise or misrecognise the subjectivity of the individual prisoner. It concludes by identifying the connections between this ‘ground-up’ analysis of the relative legitimacy of different forms of penal intervention and recent discussions in penal theory about the proper role of the state in communicating censure and promoting personal repentance and change.

WORLD HISTORY IN THE ATOMIC AGE: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE IN THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNIL PURUSHOTHAM
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
World History ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru was both a historian and a self-conscious agent of historical change. This essay explores his political thought by bringing these two perspectives together. I argue that his approaches to a number of issues, including the state project that has been his most significant legacy, shared a concern with linking together the past, present and future. My concern here is primarily with the post-1947 phase of Nehru's career, which was marked by key shifts in his political thought due to a perceived transformation of temporal experience and an altered relationship with history. By attending to the way his thought worked through notions of temporality and historicity, this article offers insights into Nehru's understanding of technological modernity, violence, socialism, the individual, the nation and the role of the state.

WHY ONLY THE STATE MAY INFLICT CRIMINAL SANCTIONS: THE CASE AGAINST PRIVATELY INFLICTED SANCTIONS

Legal Theory ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Harel
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Prisons ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Private Individual

Criminal sanctions are typically inflicted by the state. The central role of the state in determining the severity of these sanctions and inflicting them requires justification. One justification for state-inflicted sanctions is simply that the state is more likely than other agents to determine accurately what a wrongdoer justly deserves and to inflict a just sanction on those who deserve it. Hence, in principle, the state could be replaced by other agents, for example, private individuals. This hypothesis has given rise to recent calls to reform the state's criminal justice system by introducing privately inflicted sanctions, for example, shaming penalties, private prisons, or private probationary services. This paper challenges this view and argues that the agency of the state is indispensable to criminal sanctions. Privately inflicted sanctions sever the link between the state's judgments concerning the wrongfulness of the action and the appropriateness of the sanction and the infliction of sufferings on the criminal. When a private individual inflicts punishment, she acts on what she and not the state judges to be a justified response to a criminal act. Privately inflicted sanctions for violations of criminal laws are not grounded in the judgments of the appropriate agent, namely the state. It is impermissible on the part of the state to approve, encourage, or initiate the infliction of a sanction (for violating a state-issued prohibition) on an alleged wrongdoer on the basis of a private judgment. Such an approval grants undue weight to the private judgment of the individual who inflicts the sanction.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF ECOLOGIC-AND-ECONOMICAL RISKS AND THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR HUMAN WELL-BEING: FOR EXAMPLE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3(68)) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
M. M. PETRUSHENKO ◽  
H. M. SHEVCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Risks

Topicality. The ecological situation has a special aggravation in the form of environmental, in particular, economic-environmental conflicts, which in Ukraine and other countries during the last decade have become widespread and have increased numerically: “amber” conflicts in the west and in the center of the country; antagonistic actions on its east, which have environmental consequences and, including that, caused by a factor of natural resources. Particularly, there are conflicts related to the negative management of domestic waste (for example, in Lviv) and hazardous industrial waste (for example, in Shostka of the Sumy region). The problem does not find its positive solution as a result of deliberately ignoring the interests of the individual as the main recipient of the consequences of the ecological-economic processes. Required humanistic approach and anthropocentric view: it is impossible to objectively avoid the presence of environmental issues, but to risk the lives and health of people through the environmental consequences of economic activity, neither the state nor business entities have no moral right.Aim and tasks. The objective of the research is to substantiate the theoretical analysis of ecological and economic risks, in the context of their regulation towards increasing the well-being of the individual and the population in general and, therefore, viewing from this angle the role of the state and the society in resolving conflicting environmental-economic issues, in particular, on the example of waste management, on the basis of the principle of responsibility.Research results. The theoretical positions defining the role of the state and society in the regulation of conflict environmental-and-economic issues (in particular, in the field of waste management through the introduction of low-waste technologies) affecting human well-being is considered in the article. The necessity of incorporating the environmental component into the well-being structure along with the expected life expectancy, availability and quality of medicine and education, GDP per capita, etc. is substantiated. This problem can be resolved positively, if the interests of the individual as the main recipient of the consequences of the environmental-and-economic processes are not ignored. The contradiction between the necessity of a humanistic approach and anthropocentric view is disclosed, on the one hand, and the objective inability to avoid the presence of conflict-environmental issues and fundamentally the risk of human life and health through their consequences, on the other. The complex of economic, political-and-managerial, social, demographic and cultural indicators is proposed that should be taken into account when assessing the role of the state and society in regulating environmental-and-economic risks in the direction of maintaining human well-being. Stages of the mechanism of such regulation are considered as that including identification of ecological- and-economic situations of conflict, substantiation of complexity of regulation of ecological-and-economic risks, forecast estimation of environmental damage caused as a result of unregulated ecological-and-economic risks, as well as formulation of recommendations for the creation and further development of a mechanism for their regulation.Conclusions. It is concluded that the role of the state is to create a framework that limits the ecological-and-economic activity, which leads to a decrease in human well-being; and motivates the search for new ways of production and management, that in a more strict state policy for ensuring human well-being allows to achieve the desired level of economic efficiency. Society from its side plays the role of the consumer of changes in such a policy. Adequate maintenance of welfare requires joint actions of the state and society in regulating ecological-and-economic risks. In the field of waste management, the solution of this issue requires, first of all, the introduction of low-energy technologies and increasing the environmental awareness of producers and consumers of products, which is associated with the generation of waste. In other words, increasing the well-being of the population also depends on how responsible all the parties concerned will deal with the issue of waste, its environmental and economic aspects.

scholarly journals ON THE CONCEPT OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
M.M. Magdilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Direct Formation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main approaches to the concept of the functions of the state, since this issue is among the fundamental and debatable ones related to the essence of the state, has an applied significance, allows us to accurately determine the nature of the state's activities, the development of its priorities at the present stage. The main conclusion made by the authors is that there are many points of view on this issue and a fairly large number of different approaches to the consideration and definition of the functions of the state, which is quite natural, based on the complexity and versatility of the issue under consideration. The priority is a systematic integrative approach to understanding the activities of the Russian state, the problem of the correlation of the interests of the state, society and the individual, which arise both in the process of direct formation of the functions of the state, and their changes in the process of historical development, determined by the general social role of the state.

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