Presbyterianism in the United States and Canada in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Author(s):  
Bradley J. Longfield

This chapter traces the history of Presbyterians in the United States and Canada from the turn of the twentieth century to the early twenty-first century. It considers the predecessor denominations to the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) as well as the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Cumberland Presbyterian Church, ECO (Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians), Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Presbyterian Church in America, and the Presbyterian Church in Canada, among others. It investigates theological, liturgical, missional, and educational developments in these denominations and analyzes conflicts over biblical authority and interpretation, confessionalism, communism, civil rights, sexuality, marriage, ordination, race, and the role of women in the church. The theological movements examined include confessional conservatism, evangelicalism, feminist theology, fundamentalism, liberalism, and neo-orthodoxy. Significant institutions noted include Erskine Seminary, Fuller Theological Seminary, Knox College, Princeton Theological Seminary, Union Theological Seminary in New York, Union Theological Seminary in Virginia, and Westminster Theological Seminary.

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Yihua Xu

AbstractUnion Theological Seminary (Union) in New York City, established in 1836, has long been regarded as one of the best and most liberal Protestant theological seminaries in the United States. Served by prominent Christian theologians such as Harry Emerson Fosdick, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Paul Tillich, Union reached its peak development in the first half of the twentieth century, setting a standard of theological education in the United States and promoting the ecumenical movement around the world.


Author(s):  
Alf Christophersen ◽  
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf

AbstractThis edition makes available the correspondence between Paul Tillich and his friend, the philosopher Richard Kroner, who were colleagues at the Technische Universität Dresden from the winter semester of 1925/26. They were to meet again in New York after Tillich's emigration to the United States in 1933, and Kroner's six years later. In 1941 Tillich was able to secure Kroner a visiting lecturer position at Union Theological Seminary. The exchange of letters, which also includes contributions from their wives Hannah Tillich and Alice Kroner, covers the period from 1942 to 1964. It offers a remarkable account of the struggle for self-assertion and reorientation of two very different personalities who escaped the destructive will of the National Socialists. While Kroner and Tillich shared an enthusiasm for the philosophical legacy of German Idealism, they expressed it very differently in their respective works.


Numen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo de Paula Cavalcante

Precisamente neste ano de 2019, que nós celebramos o jubileu da publicação da obra A Theology of Human Hope de Rubem Alves (1933-2014), fruto de uma tese de doutoramento defendida no ano anterior por ele no Princeton Theological Seminary. Seu título original era Towards a Theology of Liberation, que foi mudado por questões editoriais. Pouco conhecido, entretanto, foi seu primeiro trabalho acadêmico – dissertação de mestrado defendida em 1964 no Union Theological Seminary (New York) – A Theological Interpretation of the Meaning of the Revolution in Brazil. Rubem Alves, muito influenciado por Richard Shaull, e indiretamente por teólogos como: Barth, Rauschenbush, Bonhoeffer, Niebuhr, Cox, pelo testemunho missionário de Albert Schweitzer e pelas reflexões de Paulo Freire e da ISAL, como também pelos resultados da Conferência do Nordeste (1962) conseguiu amalgamar esta nova teologia protestante, sendo o pioneiro protestante a utilizar as expressões “revolução” (1963) e “libertação” (1968) em trabalhos acadêmicos de cunho religioso, alterando permanentemente a vocação da teologia no Brasil. Para além dessa celebração, a pesquisa de mestrado de Rubem Alves indicava a emergência de um novo movimento na Teologia latino-americana, muito embora ele não possa ser nomeado como um teólogo da libertação stricto sensu, suas ideias teológicas sobre a revolução foram um tipo de preâmbulo ao que viria na sequência.


Author(s):  
Omar G. Encarnación

This chapter mentions the publication of the New York Times op-ed that calls for gay reparations in the United States, and it discusses the reactions of social conservatives to the article. It talks about homophobic individuals, who have not accepted homosexuals and gay people as human beings entitled to live their lives and deserving of civil rights, who find gay reparations an abomination. It also refers to televangelist Pat Robertson, who implied that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were godly retaliation for abortion, homosexuality, and secularism in the United States. This chapter examines distinct arguments against gay reparations, such as the claim that it is wrong for gay rights activists to apply today’s values to acts of discrimination against the gay community that took place a long time ago. It also reviews claims that gay reparations are divisive and generate a new class of American victims.


1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-526 ◽  

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 specifically prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in elementary and secondary schools, colleges, and universities. It states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance...." Conflict over the formulation and interpretation of the regulation erupted immediately after the passage of Title IX, and its statutory limits continue to be tested, increasingly in the courts, across the country. This interview explores the effects of Title IX and the controversy surrounding its implementation. Five women, each uniquely involved with the short but volatile history of Title IX, discuss its implications and potential for ensuring a more equitable educational system. The interview participants include The Honorable Shirley Chisholm, Democratic Congresswoman from New York; Mary Jolly, Staff Director and Counsel to the Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution chaired by Senator Birch Bayh; Leslie Wolfe, Director of the Women's Educational Equity Act Program, and formerly Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Education, who earlier had been Deputy Director of the Women's Rights Program of the Commission on Civil Rights; Cindy Brown, Principal Deputy Director of the Office for Civil Rights in HEW; and Holly Knox, Director of PEER, the Project on Equal Education Rights of the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, and former Legislative Specialist in the United States Office of Education.


Author(s):  
Harold D. Morales

Chapter 1 introduces the history of Islamic Spain and the remembrance of it by the first Latino Muslim group in the United States, la Alianza Islámica, the Islamic Alliance. Although there have been several recorded instances of individual Latinos embracing Islam since the 1920s, no direct historical link exists between Muslims in Spain and Latino Muslims in the United States. Instead, the memory of Islamic Spain has been used to frame Latinos as historically connected to Islam rather than completely foreign to it. Additionally, the Alianza drew from other civil rights organizational models to develop several centers in New York where they worked to propagate Islam, provide social services, and engage in political activism. Additionally, the Alianza experienced marginalization from broader Muslim organizations and sought to develop autonomously from them. Through its unique origin histories and various activities, the Alianza helped to crystalize a first wave of Latino Muslims.


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