World Environmental History

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Christian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
National Level ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human History ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Modern Era

How can one best manage the unpredictable and rapidly evolving relationship between human beings and the biosphere? This question provides one of the great research agendas for the early twenty-first century. It is no longer enough to track human environmental impacts at the local or national level, a task taken up within the flourishing field of environmental history. This article explores how each thread in this complex story is woven throughout human history and how it covers the entire world. At its most ambitious, the new scholarly field of world environmental history aims at a comprehensive historical understanding of the complex and unstable patchwork of relations between humans and the biosphere. The discussion argues that current environmental issues have their roots in the very nature of the human species and history. The article also describes the Paleolithic era, the agrarian era, and the modern era.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM: A STUDY IN FORMS AND EFFEETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 480-492
Author(s):  
Anwer Mohamed Ahmed ABUJANAH
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human History ◽  
Magnitude Image ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Political Security

Terrorism is known as one of the most dangerous phenomena that has the negatively influence the reality of ‎human societies. Despite human history has never been free from acts of terrorism in all its forms, modern ‎terrorism has exceeded in its magnitude, image and impact all that has been found since human existence. In ‎addition, this phenomenon becomes a matter of concern to human beings wherever it may be exist. ‎Nevertheless, politicians, sociologists, lawmakers and philosophers, as well as various intellectuals and writers ‎alike, accept without hesitation the recognition of the difficulties of identifying and placing terrorism within a ‎comprehensive background that is acceptable to all. The disagreement and the lack of understanding that ‎accompanied and kept pace with all the attempts that were made and are taking place discuss the term of ‎terrorism. The problem of the terrorism under study revolves primarily around a phenomenon that is now ‎plaguing the entire world. This paper discusses a diagnosis of incurable disease called international terrorism to ‎reveal some of the uncertainties and uncertainties in this phenomenon. The importance of the topic is about ‎highlighting the important and effective role played by the international community and the Islamic societies ‎in the fight against terrorism. Furthermore, this paper aims to clarify the concept of international terrorism and ‎and identify the most important forms and dangers resulting from it, which has been increasing rapidly in ‎recent times and the consequent threat to the integrated human security system, whether moral security, ‎economic security, social security, or Political security or environmental security‎.‎

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
National Parks ◽  
First Century ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth

The history of the Russian national park movement spans from the pre-Revolutionary era to the early twenty-first century. The establishment of national parks in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic beginning in 1983 demonstrated environmentalists’ ability to push the Soviet government to make reforms in an era that is frequently misunderstood as one of stagnation. However, since that time, Russian national parks have almost always fallen short of the ambitious goals of their founders and have provided Russian environmentalists with a painful reminder of their state’s weak commitment to environmental protection. More so than any other work in the field of Russian environmental history, this story places Russian environmental protection firmly within the larger story of international environmental protection networks and organizations in the late twentieth century. It contributes to the growing literature on Russian tourism, the international history of national parks, and social movements in the Soviet Union’s last decades.

scholarly journals O Dilema de emissões de carbono: soluções podem vir de mercado ou de mudanças comportamentais?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Luciano Ferreira Da Silva ◽  
Arnoldo Jose De Hoyos Guevara ◽  
Karina Ribeiro Fernandes ◽  
Paulo Sergio Gonçalves De Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Fernandes Saad
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
First Century ◽  
Organizational Routines ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Market Solutions

This article aims to promote a discussion on environmental issues from the perspective of Evolutionary Theory (Nelson & Winter, 2005; Hodgson, 2007). Some evidence regarding carbon Market has been used, which is a common proposal for the reduction of Greenhouse Gases. An interdisciplinary and systemic perspective was developed based on areas of production, administration and economy as a background for the discussion of production and consumption conventional processes that seems to show that market solutions are not effective. Moreover, it is emphasized that the issues that motivate evolutionary theorists may help in the search for solutions closer to reality presented in this early twenty-first century. Thus, the forms and organizational routines are focused to understand the reasons to keep on a behavior harmful to the environment.

scholarly journals O Dilema de emissões de carbono: soluções podem vir de mercado ou de mudanças comportamentais?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Luciano Ferreira Da Silva ◽  
Arnoldo Jose De Hoyos Guevara ◽  
Karina Ribeiro Fernandes ◽  
Paulo Sergio Gonçalves De Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Fernandes Saad
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
First Century ◽  
Organizational Routines ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Market Solutions

This article aims to promote a discussion on environmental issues from the perspective of Evolutionary Theory (Nelson & Winter, 2005; Hodgson, 2007). Some evidence regarding carbon Market has been used, which is a common proposal for the reduction of Greenhouse Gases. An interdisciplinary and systemic perspective was developed based on areas of production, administration and economy as a background for the discussion of production and consumption conventional processes that seems to show that market solutions are not effective. Moreover, it is emphasized that the issues that motivate evolutionary theorists may help in the search for solutions closer to reality presented in this early twenty-first century. Thus, the forms and organizational routines are focused to understand the reasons to keep on a behavior harmful to the environment.

The Emerging Social Structure of the World

1975 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Inkeles
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Modern Era

An assessment of the forms in which, and tlie extent to which, the population of the entire world may be coming to participate in a coherent global social system may be made by crude measurement of variations in the degree of autarky, interconnectedness, dependence, interdependence, integration, hegemony, and convergence. In the recent modern era, we can show that interconnectedness has been rising at an exponential rate across numerous dimensions ranging from the exchange of students to world trade. Interdependence is also increasing, but less dramatically. The greater dependence of less developed countries is unmistakable, but integration has advanced very little in the period after World War II. In studying convergence we must differentiate among modes of production, institutional forms, patterns of social relations, the content of popular values, and systems of political and economic control, each of which may change at different speeds and even move in different directions. The argument that there is substantial convergence in political and economic forms at the national level may be seriously challenged. Marked convergence is widely prevalent, however, in the utilization of science, technology, and bureaucratic procedures, and in the consequent incorporation of whole populations into new social roles. These in turn induce new attitudes and values forming a widespread complex or syndrome identified as modern and postmodern. Countervailing tendencies are, however, evident and should be weighed.

scholarly journals The Social Realist Stories of Putu Shanty as Historical Record

2021 ◽  
Vol 177 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 265-289
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Wijaya ◽  
I Nyoman Darma Putra ◽  
Adrian Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
National Level ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Leaders

Abstract Putu Shanty was one of Bali’s leading intellectuals in the middle of the twentieth century, but he has been effaced from official publications identifying cultural leaders of the island. His short stories, written in a social realist style, were intended as interventions that would influence the course of history but are also a valuable record of historical discourse. ‘Anti-feudalism’ was a central discursive concern of Shanty’s, and while it was shared on a national level with other political leaders and writings, its implications on Bali were highly specific, involving local social contestation and attempts to redefine religion. The role of intellectuals such as Shanty demonstrates that there are significant differences between discourses of the 1950s and the early-twenty-first-century constitution of ‘tradition’.

scholarly journals India’s Renaissance: Leadership in Every Sphere on the International Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Jatavath Hanumu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Leadership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Human History ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
The World ◽  
French People ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Modern Era

In the human history man was gregarious. So the groups of people fought each other for control over the lands and nature. So when the centuries passed kingdoms tried to control there never kingdoms and succeed in some extent. On this account empire obtained taxes from princely states. In this regard Greeks tried to expert their kingdom till the ends of the world. On this account the Greek warrior son of the Philip of Macedonia Alexander The Great conquered the entire world and controlled politically with his leadership. Later on Romans extended their kingdom and ruled for some centuries under the leadership of Antonio and Julius Ceasor. In the course of time European navigators discovered the new lands of the entire world. So Dutch people, French people, Porchuguice people and English people competed with one another to control over the geographical territories and natural recourses. They also asserted their power over the lands. At last queen’s English army could have control over many colonies in the world. So many centuries they ruled and drove the wealth of the nations to England in the name of the trade and “civilizing the uncivilized eastern lands”. In the post independent era India is considered as the developing nation in the world and in the post modern era India leads the world in field and became a leader to the world. So the preset investigation is on India’s leadership in the world and its achievements. The major focus is on the political leadership of India in the world.

LAW, RELIGION, AND HUMAN RIGHTS: SKEPTICAL RESPONSES IN THE EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-366
Author(s):  
David Little
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World

Disputes over the nature, basis, and enforceability of human rights go back to early 1947, when the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) first began. Nor were the disputes limited to the drafting process. Intense arguments emerged among social scientists, philosophers, religious leaders, legal thinkers, and public figures around the world over the very idea of human rights, namely, the notion that human beings possess legally enforceable entitlements to certain protections and opportunities simply because of their common humanity.

Jazz Bubble

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
A Site

Hailed by corporate, philanthropic, and governmental organizations as a metaphor for democratic interaction and business dynamics, contemporary jazz culture has a story to tell about the relationship between political economy and social practice in the era of neoliberal capitalism. The Jazz Bubble approaches the emergence of the neoclassical jazz aesthetic since the 1980s as a powerful, if unexpected, point of departure for a wide-ranging investigation of important social trends during this period. The emergence of financialization as a key dimension of the global economy shapes a variety of aspects of contemporary jazz culture, and jazz culture comments upon this dimension in turn. During the stateside return of Dexter Gordon in the mid-1970s, the cultural turmoil of the New York fiscal crisis served as a crucial backdrop to understanding the resonance of Gordon’s appearances in the city. The financial markets directly inform the structural upheaval that major label jazz subsidiaries must navigate in the music industry of the early twenty-first century, and they inform the disruptive impact of urban redevelopment in communities that have relied upon jazz as a site of economic vibrancy. In examining these issues, The Jazz Bubble seeks to intensify conversations surrounding music, culture, and political economy.

A Rapture of the Nerds? A Comparison between Transhumanist Eschatology and Christian Parousia

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-367
Author(s):  
Roberto Paura
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Point Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe

Transhumanism is one of the main “ideologies of the future” that has emerged in recent decades. Its program for the enhancement of the human species during this century pursues the ultimate goal of immortality, through the creation of human brain emulations. Therefore, transhumanism offers its fol- lowers an explicit eschatology, a vision of the ultimate future of our civilization that in some cases coincides with the ultimate future of the universe, as in Frank Tipler’s Omega Point theory. The essay aims to analyze the points of comparison and opposition between transhumanist and Christian eschatologies, in particular considering the “incarnationist” view of Parousia. After an introduction concern- ing the problems posed by new scientific and cosmological theories to traditional Christian eschatology, causing the debate between “incarnationists” and “escha- tologists,” the article analyzes the transhumanist idea of mind-uploading through the possibility of making emulations of the human brain and perfect simulations of the reality we live in. In the last section the problems raised by these theories are analyzed from the point of Christian theology, in particular the proposal of a transhuman species through the emulation of the body and mind of human beings. The possibility of a transhumanist eschatology in line with the incarnationist view of Parousia is refused.

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