In ovo feeding of nicotinamide riboside affects broiler pectoralis major muscle development1,2

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on pectoralis major muscle (PM) development and growth. Fertilized Cobb 500 broiler eggs (N = 156; average weight of 70.3 g) were ordered by weight, and within each four egg strata, eggs were randomly assigned to treatments within a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factor 1 consisted of NR treatment with eggs receiving 0 or 250 mM NR. Factor 2 consisted of injection location, with treatments injected into either the yolk sac or albumen. Eggs were incubated at a temperature of 37 °C and a relative humidity of 40 ± 2% for the first 18 d of incubation and humidity was increased to 60 ± 2 °C for the final 3 d. On day 10 of incubation, eggs were injected in their designated location with 100 µL of 0.9% sterile saline containing the assigned NR dose. Chicks were hatched, euthanized, and morphometric measurements of the body and left PM were collected. The left PM was also analyzed for muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and density. There were no treatment × location or main effects for all body morphometric measurements (P > 0.07), except chest width of chicks from eggs injected in the yolk were wider (P = 0.01) than chicks from eggs injected in the albumen. There were only treatment × location interactions for PM weight and length (P < 0.01). When NR was injected into the albumen, PM weight did not differ (P = 0.09); however, when NR was injected into the yolk sac, PM weight increased (P < 0.01). When NR was injected into both locations, PM length increased (P < 0.01), but increased to a greater extent when NR was injected into the yolk sac. There were treatment main effects for PM width and depth (P < 0.01), with NR injected chicks having PM with greater width and depth. There were no treatment × location or main effects for PM fiber CSA (P > 0.06). There was a treatment × location interaction (P < 0.01) for fiber density. When NR was injected into the albumen, fiber density did not differ (P = 0.09); however, when NR was injected into the yolk sac, fiber density increased (P < 0.01). Injecting NR into the yolk sac of the developing embryo at day 10 of incubation increased PM development which was due to an increase in muscle density.

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529 Late-Breaking: Effects of in Ovo Injection of High Yield Broilers with Nicotinamide Riboside on Pectoralis Major Morphometrics, Muscle Fiber Density, and mRNA Expression

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 26-26

Author(s):

Xiaoxing Xu ◽

Hanna M Alcocer ◽

Morgan E Gravely ◽

Kari K Turner ◽

John M Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

High Yield ◽

Fiber Density ◽

In Ovo ◽

Nicotinamide Riboside ◽

In Ovo Injection ◽

Main Effects

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of in ovo injection of high yield broilers with nicotinamide riboside (NR) on broiler pectoralis major muscle (PMM) development, growth, and mRNA expression. Fertilized Cobb 700 broiler eggs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments within a 2×2 factorial design with NR dose (DOS; 0 or 2.5 mM) and injection location (LOC; albumen or yolk) as main effects. Eggs were injected with their assigned treatment at d 10 of incubation. Day-15 and -18 embryos and hatched chicks were euthanized, right PMM and muscle fiber morphometric measurements were collected, and left PMM were utilized for mRNA expression analysis of sirtuin-1 and cyclin D1, 2 and 3. There were no LOC×DOS interactions or main effects for d-15 and -18 PMM measurements (P > 0.23). There were LOC×DOS interactions for hatched chick PMM weight and length, and muscle fiber density (P < 0.04). When NR was injected into the albumen, PMM weight decreased (P = 0.02) and length and fiber density were unaffected (P > 0.33), while PMM weight and fiber density increased when NR was injected into the yolk (P < 0.05). There were no LOC×DOS interactions for all genes analyzed for d-15 and 18-embryos (P > 0.23), but NR embryos had greater expression of all genes (P < 0.03) except d-18 cyclin-D2 (P = 0.08). There were LOC×DOS interactions for hatched chick expression of all genes (P < 0.04). There was no difference in sirturin-1 expression when chicks were injected with 0 mM NR, but 2.5-mM yolk chicks had greater expression than 2.5-mM albumen chicks. When NR was injected into the albumen, expression of all cyclins was unaffected (P > 0.08), while expression increased when NR was injected into the yolk (P < 0.01). Increased expression of sirturin-1 and the cyclins may be responsible for NR catalyzed increase in PMM weight and fiber density.

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Maternal low-protein diet programmes offspring growth in association with alterations in yolk leptin deposition and gene expression in yolk-sac membrane, hypothalamus and muscle of developing Langshan chicken embryos

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509276434 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

pp. 848-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Kaiqing Rao ◽

Jingjing Xie ◽

Xiaojing Yang ◽

Lei Chen ◽

Roland Grossmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Body Weight ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

The Body ◽

Low Protein ◽

Igf I ◽

Offspring Growth

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of maternal low-protein (LP) diet on offspring growth in the chicken. One hundred and twenty Chinese inbred Langshan breeder hens were allocated randomly into two groups fed diets containing low (10 %, LP) or normal (15 %) crude protein levels. Low dietary protein did not affect the body weight of hens, but significantly decreased the laying rate and egg weight. The yolk leptin content was significantly lower in eggs laid by LP hens, while no differences were detected for yolk contents of corticosterone, tri-iodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine. Despite significantly lower hatch weight, the LP offspring demonstrated obviously higher serum T3 concentration, which is in accordance with the faster post-hatch growth rate achieving significantly heavier body weight and pectoralis major muscle weight 4 weeks post-hatching. Expression of 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-HSD) mRNA in the yolk-sac membrane was significantly down-regulated at embryonic day 14, whereas that of transthyretin and leptin receptor (LepR) was not altered. Moreover, hypothalamic expression of 20-HSD, glucocorticoid receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and LepR mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the LP group compared with their control counterparts. In the pectoralis major muscle, significantly higher expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I receptor mRNA was observed in LP embryos. The present study provides evidence that maternal LP diet programmes post-hatch growth of the offspring. The associated alterations in yolk leptin deposition as well as in yolk-sac membrane, fetal hypothalamus and muscle gene expression may be involved in mediating such programming effect in the chicken.

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Effect of Surface Height on Muscular Activity of Triceps Brachii and Pectoralis Major Muscle during Push-up Exercise

Health & Welfare ◽

10.23948/kshw.2018.06.20.2.177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 177-192

Author(s):

Won-Hwee Lee

Keyword(s):

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Effect Of Surface ◽

Push Up

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Case of A 46-Year-Old Woman With Cecum Adenocarcinoma Metastasis to The Right Pectoralis Major Muscle and Skin

Polish Journal of Surgery ◽

10.2478/v10035-008-0018-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Michał Stanisławski ◽

Leszek Gruszecki ◽

Jacek Pawlak

Keyword(s):

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

The Right

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Possibility of simultaneous transposition of segments of the pectoralis major muscle to restore flexion in the shoulder and elbow joints (clinical observation)

MedAlliance ◽

10.36422/23076348-2020-8-1-61-68 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68

Keyword(s):

Anterior Part ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Functional Results ◽

Proximal Part ◽

Deltoid Muscle ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Orthopedic Surgeons ◽

Active Function ◽

Head Neck

The pectoralis major is a widely used muscle in reconstruction surgery for replacement soft tissue defects of a head, neck, thorax, upper limbs and restoration of muscle active function. The peculiarities of anatomy of the pectoralis major makes it possible to divide the muscle into several segments with their own innervations and supply and use them independently from each other. This article describes the anatomy of the pectoralis major and the opportunity for clinical applications of different segments of this muscle. The authors demonstrate the result of the restoration of shoulder and elbow flexion in a patient with arthrogryposis due to simultaneous transfer of the proximal part of pectoralis major to the anterior part of the deltoid muscle and the distal part of pectoralis major to the biceps with good functional results. The article will be useful for plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons and physiotherapists.

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Traumatic rupture of the pectoralis major muscle with associated thrombosis of the cephalic vein as part of a seat belt injury following a motor vehicle accident: A case report

Trauma Case Reports ◽

10.1016/j.tcr.2021.100467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 100467

Author(s):

Peter Pozder ◽

Matthias Jessel ◽

Ingke Jürgensen ◽

Johannes Struewer

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Accident ◽

Seat Belt ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Cephalic Vein ◽

Traumatic Rupture ◽

Vehicle Accident ◽

Seat Belt Injury

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Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters Mediate the Import of Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinic Acid Riboside into Human Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1391

Author(s):

Andrey Kropotov ◽

Veronika Kulikova ◽

Kirill Nerinovski ◽

Alexander Yakimov ◽

Maria Svetlova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nicotinic Acid ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Experimental Models ◽

The Body ◽

Nucleoside Transporters ◽

Hek293 Cells ◽

Nucleoside Transporter ◽

Vitamin B3 ◽

Animal Cells ◽

Nicotinamide Riboside

Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a new form of vitamin B3, is an effective precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in human and animal cells. The introduction of NR into the body effectively increases the level of intracellular NAD+ and thereby restores physiological functions that are weakened or lost in experimental models of aging and various pathologies. Despite the active use of NR in applied biomedicine, the mechanism of its transport into mammalian cells is currently not understood. In this study, we used overexpression of proteins in HEK293 cells, and metabolite detection by NMR, to show that extracellular NR can be imported into cells by members of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) family ENT1, ENT2, and ENT4. After being imported into cells, NR is readily metabolized resulting in Nam generation. Moreover, the same ENT-dependent mechanism can be used to import the deamidated form of NR, nicotinic acid riboside (NAR). However, NAR uptake into HEK293 cells required the stimulation of its active utilization in the cytosol such as phosphorylation by NR kinase. On the other hand, we did not detect any NR uptake mediated by the concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNT) CNT1, CNT2, or CNT3, while overexpression of CNT3, but not CNT1 or CNT2, moderately stimulated NAR utilization by HEK293 cells.

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