scholarly journals Isolation of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli from long-term residents and Indonesian visitors to Perth, Western Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rini Margawani ◽  
Ian D. Robertson ◽  
David J. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Culture Positive

Brachyspira pilosicoli is an anaerobic spirochaete that colonizes the large intestine of humans and various species of animals and birds. The spirochaete is an important enteric pathogen of pigs and poultry, but its pathogenic potential in humans is less clear. In the current study, the occurrence of B. pilosicoli in faecal samples from 766 individuals in two different population groups in Perth, Western Australia, was investigated by selective anaerobic culture. Of 586 individuals who were long-term residents of Perth, including children, elderly patients in care and in hospital and individuals with gastrointestinal disease, only one was culture positive. This person had a history of diverticulitis. In comparison, faeces from 17 of 180 (9.4 %) Indonesians who were short- or medium-term visitors to Perth were positive for B. pilosicoli. The culture-positive individuals had been in the city for between 10 days and 4.5 years (median 5 months). Resampling of subsets of the Indonesians indicated that all negative people remained negative and that some positive individuals remained positive after 5 months. Two individuals had pairs of isolates recovered after 4 and 5 months that had the same PFGE types, whilst another individual had isolates with two different PFGE types that were identified 2 months apart. Individuals who were culture-positive were likely to have been either colonized in Indonesia before arriving in Perth or infected in Perth following contact with other culture-positive Indonesians with whom they socialized. Colonization with B. pilosicoli was not significantly associated with clinical signs at the time the individuals were tested, although faeces with wet-clay consistency were 1.5 times more likely (confidence interval 0.55–4.6) than normal faeces to contain B. pilosicoli.

scholarly journals Colonial Values and Asylum Care in Brazil: Reclaiming the Streets Through Carnival in Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Julia Evangelista ◽  
William A. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The City

AbstractThis chapter shows how carnival has been used to counter the impact of Brazil’s colonial history on its asylums and perceptions of madness. Colonisation of Brazil by Portugal in the nineteenth century led to a process of Europeanisation that was associated with dismissal of non-European customs and values as “mad” and sequestration of the poor from the streets into asylums. Bringing together the work of the two authors, the chapter describes through a case study how a carnival project, Loucura Suburbana (Suburban Madness), in which patients in both long- and short-term asylum care play leading roles, has enabled them to “reclaim the streets,” and re-establish their right to the city as valid producers of culture on their own terms. In the process, entrenched stigmas associated with having a history of mental illness in a local community are challenged, and sense of identity and self-confidence can be rebuilt, thus contributing to long-term improvements in mental well-being. Further illustrative materials are available including photographs and video clips.

scholarly journals SANITARY GUARDIANS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Anna B. Agafonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
City Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Oversight

The article describes the history of creation and activities of sanitary guardians in the cities of the Russian Empire. The study aims to identify organizational and social contradictions in guardianships’ activities, which hindered citizens from involvement in solving local sanitary problems. Boards of sanitary guardians were established by order of local authorities to involve the population in the fight against epidemics and conducting sanitary measures. The sanitary guardians’ activities consisted of timely notification of local authorities about the emergence of epidemics, participation in sanitary inspections of households, and conducting preventive conversations with homeowners about their compliance with public health and urban improvement regulations. The practice of citizens social participation in monitoring the urban area’s cleanliness was intended to level out the contradictions between homeowners and temporary doctors and sanitary executive commissions “alien” to the city community. Still, it often provoked conflicts between sanitary guardians and homeowners who defended the rights to inviolability of their property. In general, public oversight conducted by sanitary guardians has proven ineffective in the long term.

The Modern City

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANE E. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shifting Balance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The City ◽  
Rich History

What constitutes modern Mexico? Is there a clear distinction between the historic and modern Mexico City? And if there are, does this distinctions hold up throughout the twentieth century, when what is apparent is a mix of legacies coexisting overtime? This chapter discusses the semiotics of history and modernity. It discusses the struggle of the Mexico City to find its own image including its struggle to preserve historic buildings amidst the differing political alliances that either promote change or preserve the past. However, past is not a single entity, hence if the preservation of the rich history of Mexico is pursued, the question arises as to what periods of history represented in the city are to be favoured in its future development. In this chapter, the focus is on the paradoxes of the Torre Bicentenario and on the pressures to preserve Mexico’s past, the ways they have been juxtaposed against the plans for its future and how the balance of these views has shifted over time. It determines the key actors and the institutions who have embraced history as opposed to progress, identifies the set of forces that dominated in the city’s twentieth-century history, and assesses the long-term implications of the shifting balance for the social, spatial and built environmental character of the city. The chapter ends with a discussion on the current role played by the cultural and historical authorities in determining the fate of the city.

Classification ofBrachyspiraspp. isolated from Swedish dogs

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Fellström ◽  
Bertil Pettersson ◽  
Ulla Zimmerman ◽  
Anders Gunnarsson ◽  
Ricardo Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Isolate ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Reaction Sequencing

AbstractBrachyspira spp.were isolated from 21 of 32 sampled dogs (66%) in a colony of Swedish beagle dogs with a history of diarrhea and from 3 of 17 Swedish pet dogs (17%) with diarrhea. All Swedish isolates were weakly β-hemolytic and gave a negative indole reaction. Eighty-eight percent showed negative α-galactosidase and hippurate reactions, but a positive β-glucosidase reaction. Two isolates were hippurate positive with a negative β-glucosidase reaction. One additional German isolate diverged by showing a positive indole reaction in combination with a positive hippurate reaction. Sequencing of 16S rDNA indicated that the hippurate-positive isolates belonged to the speciesBrachyspira pilosicoli. Four representative isolates were examined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and compared with six reference strains and five porcine isolates ofBrachyspiraspp. The canine isolates clustered together in the PFGE analysis. Necropsy examination of a culture-positiveB. pilosicolicolony-raised beagle dog revealed macro- and microscopical lesions of colitis with numerous spiral-shaped bacteria in the lumens of the crypts, in goblet cells and within the colonic epithelium.

Hydropulsion as Palliative, Long-Term, Last-Resort Treatment of Nasal Carcinoma in a Dog and a Cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Bienes ◽  
Elisabeth Robin ◽  
Kevin Le Boedec
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Cuff Inflation ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Cuff ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Nasal Tumors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nasal Carcinoma

ABSTRACT An 8 yr old spayed female domestic shorthair and an 8 yr old neutered male Polish Lowland sheepdog were evaluated for a 3 wk history of sneezing and a 5 day history of left epistaxis, respectively. In both cases, computed tomography revealed a voluminous nasal mass, which was later histologically identified as carcinoma, without cribriform plate involvement. Nasal hydropulsion was performed in both animals in sternal recumbency under general anesthesia. A Poole suction tip was inserted into the orad esophageal opening and adequacy of the endotracheal tube cuff inflation was checked. Sterile saline was forcefully infused into the obstructed nasal cavity to dislodge the tumor. Both patients had temporary resolution of clinical signs. Nasal hydropulsion was repeated as a palliative last-resort treatment at each clinical relapse (four times in both animals over ≥1 yr), allowing long-term survival. Minor complications included a self-limiting retrobulbar and oropharyngeal swelling in the cat and self-limiting epistaxis in both animals. Although this technique is not intended to represent an equivalent alternative to radiation or surgical therapies, nasal hydropulsion may represent an appropriate palliative, last-resort treatment in case of obstructive nasal tumors in dogs and cats, when radiation therapy or surgery is not affordable, available, or desired.

scholarly journals Successful Long-Term Use of Itraconazole for the Treatment ofAspergillusDiskospondylitis in a Dog

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Van Wie ◽  
Annie V. Chen ◽  
Stephanie A. Thomovsky ◽  
Russell L. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Thoracolumbar Spine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
History Of

A 5-year-old spayed female German shepherd dog was admitted with a history of generalized stiffness. Neurologic examination revealed mild paraparesis with multifocal spinal pain. Spinal radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed diskospondylitis at L6-7 and multiple sites throughout the thoracolumbar spine. Biopsy of the intervertebral disk at L6-7 revealed a positive culture forAspergillusspecies, and the dog was placed on itraconazole indefinitely. Clinical signs were significantly improved after two weeks of itraconazole. The dog was reevaluated 8 years later for unrelated reasons. No spinal pain was detected. Spinal radiographs revealed a fused L6-7 disk space and collapsed and sclerotic disk spaces at multiple sites. Itraconazole was tolerated by the dog with normal yearly liver enzyme values. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful long-term use of itraconazole for the treatment ofAspergillusdiskospondylitis in a dog.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF IMPROVEMENT OF LENIN STREET IN UFA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
A.M. Sharipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedestrian Space ◽  
The City

The article considers the history of the formation of Lenin street in the city of Ufa. Its main attractions are listed. The analysis of street improvement according to the main criteria of a favorable urban environment is carried out. The main problems of this territory are also identified. The method of work consists in carrying out an analysis of street improvement using the main criteria of a favorable urban environment. Studies have found that Lenin street is a great place for walking residents and guests of the city. The analysis of landscaping also showed that the territory is quite comfortable and safe for long-term stay of people on the pedestrian space. And also, you can see that much attention is paid to the appearance of buildings and the preservation of the historical significance of the street and the entire city of Ufa.

scholarly journals Finality in Brownfields Remediation and Reuse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Rust Belt ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Action Goals

The intersection of brownfields redevelopment and these broader concerns presents a host of issues. Does redevelopment of brownfields connect to a larger vision for the city that links with "smart growth" and climate action goals? Retooling the original developer-centered vision of VCPs to promote broader goals is an ongoing challenge. Has the affected community been involved in planning for brownfields remediation, or has the developer controlled the process? The latter narrows the ability to view the project as part of a community-wide plan, and undermines its legitimacy. Finally, if brownfields redevelopment yields benefits, how can we measure success over the long term? Metrics for assessing this are only just now emerging. As I note in Part III, many key questions have incomplete answers today, and as a result, finality in brownfields remediation and reuse continues to elude us. I draw a number of examples from New Jersey, a Rust Belt state with many brownfields and a complex history of dealing with them. 20 Recent developments in that state, including a 2009 state statute that privatized cleanups, and well-publicized funding shortfalls and regulatory errors in 2011, highlight the challenges of contemporary brownfields redevelopment.

scholarly journals Mapping The Biopolitical Mind: The Rhetorics Of Neoliberal University Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Iliadis
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Neoliberal Governmentality ◽  
University Planning ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Labour Power

This thesis will begin by sketching a brief history of neoliberal governmentality in relation to the contemporary university before showing how this interconnectivity legitimizes itself inside an institutional framework where the university's role shifts away from the guardianship of national culture to the production of biopolitically charged bodies enmeshed in the rhetoric of excellence. I argue for a rereading of the development of urbanization that is contemporaneous with the increased practice of a long-term neoliberal university planning for potential growth whose stakeholders would include the university, the city and the corporation. The imminantization of capital in the "digital economy" collapses traditional notions of space-time and in the shift from national culture to biopolitically charged studentship there is a shift away from a labour power that produces capital to a new type of human capital; I argue against sociologists of education and in favour of the concept of thought as alienation.

Nascent Judaism

2018 ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Jon L. Berquist
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
The Third ◽  
Israelite Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Pluralistic World

The third and final section of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Writings, is a crucial part of the biblical canon and a key turning point in the history of Israelite religion. The Writings were written and shaped during the time of Persian imperial rule as well as Hellenistic influence, perhaps 450–300 bce. The city of Jerusalem and the province of Yehud existed as a part of the continent-spanning Persian Empire, in which increased scribalism and communications supported the long-term purposes of imperial order, but which also accepted a higher level of pluralism than earlier empires and monarchies. The Writings of this time, expressed in diverse genres and with great variations of affect and theology, formed nascent Judaism in ways that would maximize its relevance to a new imperial, multicultural, and pluralistic world situation as well as enhance the opportunities for Judaism to survive and thrive in future centuries.

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