scholarly journals An ecological study of socioeconomic predictors in detection of COVID-19 cases across neighborhoods in New York City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Whittle ◽  
Ana Diaz-Artiles
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
The Usa

AbstractBackgroundNew York City was the first major urban center of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. Cases are clustered in the city, with certain neighborhoods experiencing more cases than others. We investigate whether potential socioeconomic factors can explain between-neighborhood variation in the number of detected COVID-19 cases.MethodsData were collected from 177 Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA) in New York City (99.9% of the population). We fit multiple Bayesian Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) mixed models using positive COVID-19 tests as the outcome and a set of 10 representative economic, demographic, and health-care associated ZCTA-level parameters as potential predictors. The BYM model includes both spatial and nonspatial random effects to account for clustering and overdispersion.ResultsMultiple different regression approaches indicated a consistent, statistically significant association between detected COVID-19 cases and dependent (under 18 or 65+ years old) population, male to female ratio, and median household income. In the final model, we found that an increase of only 1% in dependent population is associated with a 2.5% increase in detected COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6% to 3.4%, p < 0.0005). An increase of 1 male per 100 females is associated with a 1.0% (95% CI: 0.6% to 1.5%, p < 0.0005) increases in detected cases. A decrease of $10,000 median household income is associated with a 2.5% (95% CI: 1.0% to 4.1% p = 0.002) increase in detected COVID-19 cases.ConclusionsOur findings indicate associations between neighborhoods with a large dependent population, those with a high proportion of males, and low-income neighborhoods and detected COVID-19 cases. Given the elevated mortality in aging populations, the study highlights the importance of public health management during and after the current COVID-19 pandemic. Further work is warranted to fully understand the mechanisms by which these factors may have affected the number of detected cases, either in terms of the true number of cases or access to testing.

Community emergency response teams and the wealth of communities in New Jersey

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Scott Phelps, JD, MPH, CEM, CBCP, Paramedic
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
York City ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Mean

This study examined median household income (MHI) of communities with community emergency response teams (CERTs). Preliminary data from New York City showed that in three of five counties, the mean MHI in CERT communities exceeded countywide MHI by up to $19,000. The research was then expanded to New Jersey, where, of 18 counties with CERTs, the mean MHI exceeded the countywide MHI in 15 counties (83 percent of the time). In counties where the mean CERT-community MHI was higher, it exceeded the county MHI by $6,060. Mean CERT-community MHI also exceeded the state’s MHI by over $5,000 ($60,745 versus $55,146). Given recent examples of the vulnerability of poor and working-class communities, emergency management agencies at all levels need to target CERT resources based on need, not on demand.

scholarly journals Long-term Recovery From Hurricane Sandy: Evidence From a Survey in New York City

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisaveta P. Petkova ◽  
Jaishree Beedasy ◽  
Eun Jeong Oh ◽  
Jonathan J. Sury ◽  
Erin M. Sehnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Federal Assistance

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine a range of factors influencing the long-term recovery of New York City residents affected by Hurricane Sandy.MethodsIn a series of logistic regressions, we analyzed data from a survey of New York City residents to assess self-reported recovery status from Hurricane Sandy.ResultsGeneral health, displacement from home, and household income had substantial influences on recovery. Individuals with excellent or fair health were more likely to have recovered than were individuals with poor health. Those with high and middle income were more likely to have recovered than were those with low income. Also, individuals who had not experienced a decrease in household income following Hurricane Sandy had higher odds of recovery than the odds for those with decreased income. Additionally, displacement from the home decreased the odds of recovery. Individuals who applied for assistance from the Build it Back program and the Federal Emergency Management Agency had lower odds of recovering than did those who did not apply.ConclusionsThe study outlines the critical importance of health and socioeconomic factors in long-term disaster recovery and highlights the need for increased consideration of those factors in post-disaster interventions and recovery monitoring. More research is needed to assess the effectiveness of state and federal assistance programs, particularly among disadvantaged populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:172–175)

scholarly journals Perceived spatial stigma, body mass index and blood pressure: a global positioning system study among low-income housing residents in New York City

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin T. Duncan ◽  
Ryan R. Ruff ◽  
Basile Chaix ◽  
Seann D. Regan ◽  
James H. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Low Income Housing

Previous research has highlighted the salience of spatial stigma on the lives of low-income residents, but has been theoretical in nature and/or has predominantly utilised qualitative methods with limited generalisability and ability to draw associations between spatial stigma and measured cardiovascular health outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate relationships between perceived spatial stigma, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure among a sample of low-income housing residents in New York City (NYC). Data come from the community-based NYC Low-income Housing, Neighborhoods and Health Study. We completed a crosssectional analysis with survey data, which included the four items on spatial stigma, as well objectively measured BMI and blood pressure data (analytic n=116; 96.7% of the total sample). Global positioning systems (GPS) tracking of the sample was conducted for a week. In multivariable models (controlling for individual-level age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, total household income, neighborhood percent non-Hispanic Black and neighborhood median household income) we found that participants who reported living in an area with a bad neighborhood reputation had higher BMI (B=4.2, 95%CI: -0.01, 8.3, P=0.051), as well as higher systolic blood pressure (B=13.2, 95%CI: 3.2, 23.1, P=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (B=8.5, 95%CI: 2.8, 14.3, P=0.004). In addition, participants who reported living in an area with a bad neighborhood reputation had increased risk of obesity/overweight [relative risk (RR)=1.32, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.4, P=0.02) and hypertension/pre-hypertension (RR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.4, P=0.007). However, we found no differences in spatial mobility (based GPS data) among participants who reported living in neighborhoods with and without spatial stigma (P&gt;0.05). Further research is needed to investigate how placebased stigma may be associated with impaired cardiovascular health among individuals in stigmatised neighborhoods to inform effective cardiovascular risk reduction interventions.

scholarly journals The Cost-Effectiveness of Bike Share Expansion to Low-Income Communities in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenya Yu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Boshen Jiao ◽  
Zafar Zafari ◽  
Peter Muennig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bike Share

scholarly journals Three months of informational trends in COVID-19 across New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-450
Author(s):  
Wil Lieberman-Cribbin ◽  
Naomi Alpert ◽  
Adam Gonzalez ◽  
Rebecca M Schwartz ◽  
Emanuela Taioli
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
New York State ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In the midst of widespread community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, residents have sought information about COVID-19. We analyzed trends in New York State (NYS) and New York City (NYC) data to quantify the extent of COVID-19-related queries. Data on the number of 311 calls in NYC, Google Trend data on the search term ‘Coronavirus’ and information about trends in COVID-19 cases in NYS and the USA were compiled from multiple sources. There were 1228 994 total calls to 311 between 22 January 2020 and 22 April 2020, with 50 845 calls specific to COVID-19 in the study period. The proportion of 311 calls related to COVID-19 increased over time, while the ‘interest over time’ of the search term ‘Coronavirus’ has exponentially increased since the end of February 2020. It is vital that public health officials provide clear and up-to-date information about protective measures and crucial communications to respond to information-seeking behavior across NYC.

Mapping Public Housing: The Case of New York City

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvin Wyly ◽  
James DeFilippis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Housing Subsidy ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Policy Debates

In American popular discourse and policy debates, “public housing” conjures images of “the projects”—dysfunctional neighborhood imprints of a discredited welfare state. Yet this image, so important in justifying deconcentration, is a dangerous caricature of the diverse places where low–income public housing residents live, and it ignores a much larger public housing program—the $100 billion–plus annual mortgage interest tax concessions to (mostly) wealthy homeowners. in this article, we measure three spatial aspects of assisted housing, poverty, and wealth in New York City. First, local indicators of spatial association document a contingent link between assistance and poverty: vouchers are not consistently associated with poverty deconcentration. Second, spatial regressions confirm this result after controlling for racial segregation and spatial autocorrelation. Third, factor analyses and cluster classifications reveal a rich, complex neighborhood topography of poverty, wealth, and housing subsidy that defies the simplistic stereotypes of policy and popular discourse.

Estimating the incidence of first unprovoked seizure and newly diagnosed epilepsy in the low-income urban community of Northern Manhattan, New York City

Epilepsia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma K.T. Benn ◽  
W. Allen Hauser ◽  
Tina Shih ◽  
Linda Leary ◽  
Emilia Bagiella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Unprovoked Seizure
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