scholarly journals Stratified microbial communities are highly sensitive towards multiple combined global change factors, revealing antagonistic and synergistic effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Suleiman ◽  
Yves Choffat ◽  
Xue Zheng ◽  
Owen Petchey
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Global Change Scenarios ◽  
Shed Light

Microbial communities in many ecosystems are facing a broad range of global change scenarios, resulting in microbial changes and possibly regime shifts with unknown ecological consequences. While the influence of single stressors is already described in numerous studies, the effects of multiple stressors working simultaneously are still poorly understood. In this study, we used 240 highly replicable oxic/anoxic aquatic lab micro-ecosystems to understand the influence of four stressors (fertilizer, glyphosate, metal pollution, antibiotics) in all possible combinations at three different temperatures (20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C) to shed light into consequences of multiple stressors on different levels of organization, ranging from species abundance to community and ecosystem parameters. Our data reveal that (i) combination of specific stressors can change the biological consequence and direction compared to single stressors in all levels of organisation (ii), effects of stressor combinations are modified by temperature, and (iii) that the number of stressors applied also lead to significant changes. In sum, our study confirmed the need of investigating multiple stressors working simultaneously across different ecological levels of organisation.

scholarly journals Distinct Drivers of Core and Accessory Components of Soil Microbial Community Functional Diversity under Environmental Changes

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximei Zhang ◽  
Eric R. Johnston ◽  
Yaosheng Wang ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Dashuan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Change Factors

ABSTRACT It is a central ecological goal to explore the effects of global change factors on soil microbial communities. The vast functional gene repertoire of soil microbial communities is composed of both core and accessory genes, which may be governed by distinct drivers. This intuitive hypothesis, however, remains largely unexplored. We conducted a 5-year nitrogen and water addition experiment in the Eurasian steppe and quantified microbial gene diversity via shotgun metagenomics. Nitrogen addition led to an 11-fold increase in the abundance (based on quantitative PCR [qPCR]) of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, which have mainly core community genes and few accessory community genes. Thus, nitrogen addition substantially increased the relative abundance of many core genes at the whole-community level. Water addition stimulated both plant diversity and microbial respiration; however, increased carbon/energy resources from plants did not counteract increased respiration, so soil carbon/energy resources became more limited. Thus, water addition selected for microorganisms with genes responsible for degrading recalcitrant soil organic matter. Accordingly, many other microorganisms without these genes (but likely with other accessory community genes due to relatively stable average microbial genome size) were selected against, leading to the decrease in the diversity of accessory community genes. In summary, nitrogen addition primarily affected core community genes through nitrogen-cycling processes, and water addition primarily regulated accessory community genes through carbon-cycling processes. Although both gene components may significantly respond as the intensity of nitrogen/water addition increases, our results demonstrated how these common global change factors distinctly impact each component. IMPORTANCE Our results demonstrated increased ecosystem nitrogen and water content as the primary drivers of the core and accessory components of soil microbial community functional diversity, respectively. Our findings suggested that more attention should be paid to certain components of community functional diversity under specific global change conditions. Our findings also indicated that microbial communities have adapted to nitrogen addition by strengthening the function of ammonia oxidization to deplete the excess nitrogen, thus maintaining ecosystem homeostasis. Because community gene richness is primarily determined by the presence/absence of accessory community genes, our findings further implied that strategies such as maintaining the amount of soil organic matter could be adopted to effectively improve the functional gene diversity of soil microbial communities subject to global change factors.

scholarly journals Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5668-5679 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adam Langley ◽  
Samantha K. Chapman ◽  
Kimberly J. La Pierre ◽  
Meghan Avolio ◽  
William D. Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Species Abundance

scholarly journals Stressor interactions under differential exogenous microbial exposure in Daphnia magna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Houwenhuyse ◽  
Lore Bulteel ◽  
Naina Goel ◽  
Isabel Vanoverberghe ◽  
Ellen Decaestecker
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Aspergillus Aculeatus ◽  
Diverse Microbial Community

Studies on stressor responses are often performed in controlled laboratory settings. The microbial communities in laboratory setting often differ from the natural environment, which could ultimately be reflected in different stress responses. In this study, we investigated how stressor responses differed between laboratory and natural conditions in Daphnia magna when exposed to single or multiple stressors. Daphnia individuals were exposed to the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and a fungal infection, Aspergillus aculeatus like type. Three genotypes were included to investigate genotype-specific responses. Survival, reproduction and body size were monitored for three weeks and gut microbial communities were sampled and characterized at the end of the experiment. Our study shows that natural environments have a more diverse microbial community compared with laboratory conditions, which was ultimately reflected in the gut microbiomes after inoculation. Stressor responses in Daphnia were affected by their bacterial environment for survival, but not for fecundity and body size. Fecuntiy and body size did show a main stressor effect, which could possibly be linked with stessor-specific microbiomes (for Microcystis and the combined stressor treatment). In addition, genotype-specific responses were detected for survival and fecundity, which could be linked with the selective capabilities of the Daphnia genotypes to select beneficial or neutral microbial stains from the environment.

scholarly journals Non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in woody organs, but not leaves, of temperate and tropical tree angiosperms are independent of the ‘fast-slow’ plant economic spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Ramirez ◽  
D. Craven ◽  
J.M. Posada ◽  
B. Reu ◽  
C.A. Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
As Species ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground and AimsCarbohydrate reserves play a vital role in plant survival during periods of negative carbon balance. Considering active storage of reserves, there is a trade-off between carbon allocation to growth and to reserves and defense. A resulting hypothesis is that allocation to reserves exhibits a coordinated variation with functional traits associated with the ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum.MethodsWe tested the relationship between non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) of tree organs and functional traits using 61 angiosperm tree species from temperate and tropical forests with phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models.Key ResultsOur results provide evidence that NSC concentrations in woody organs and plant functional traits are largely decoupled, meaning that species’ resilience is unrelated to their position on the ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum. In contrast, we found that variation between NSC concentrations in leaves and the fast-slow continuum was coordinated, as species with higher leaf NSC had traits values associated with resource conservative species such as lower SLA, lower Amax, and high wood density. We did not detect an influence of leaf habit on the variation of NSC concentrations in tree organs.ConclusionsEfforts to predict the response of ecosystems to global change will need to integrate a suite of plant traits, such as NSC concentrations in woody organs, that are independent of the ‘fast-slow’ spectrum and that capture how species respond to a broad range of global change factors.

scholarly journals Melanin-based coloration and host–parasite interactions under global change

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1879) ◽  
pp. 20180285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Côte ◽  
A. Boniface ◽  
S. Blanchet ◽  
A. P. Hendry ◽  
J. Gasparini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
Host Parasite

The role of parasites in shaping melanin-based colour polymorphism, and the consequences of colour polymorphism for disease resistance, remain debated. Here we review recent evidence of the links between melanin-based coloration and the behavioural and immunological defences of vertebrates against their parasites. First we propose that (1) differences between colour morphs can result in variable exposure to parasites, either directly (certain colours might be more or less attractive to parasites) or indirectly (variations in behaviour and encounter probability). Once infected, we propose that (2) immune variation between differently coloured individuals might result in different abilities to cope with parasite infection. We then discuss (3) how these different abilities could translate into variable sexual and natural selection in environments varying in parasite pressure. Finally, we address (4) the potential role of parasites in the maintenance of melanin-based colour polymorphism, especially in the context of global change and multiple stressors in human-altered environments. Because global change will probably affect both coloration and the spread of parasitic diseases in the decades to come, future studies should take into account melanin-based coloration to better predict the evolutionary responses of animals to changing disease risk in human-altered environments.

A synthesis of soil nematode responses to global change factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 108538
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jingxing Huang ◽  
Xiongjie Sheng ◽  
Xiaolin Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Change Factors

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Biogeography in a Changing World: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chu ◽  
Gui-Feng Gao ◽  
Yuying Ma ◽  
Kunkun Fan ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Biogeography ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Global Change Scenarios ◽  
Changing World

ABSTRACT Soil microbial communities are fundamental to maintaining key soil processes associated with litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant productivity and are thus integral to human well-being. Recent technological advances have exponentially increased our knowledge concerning the global ecological distributions of microbial communities across space and time and have provided evidence for their contribution to ecosystem functions. However, major knowledge gaps in soil biogeography remain to be addressed over the coming years as technology and research questions continue to evolve. In this minireview, we state recent advances and future directions in the study of soil microbial biogeography and discuss the need for a clearer concept of microbial species, projections of soil microbial distributions toward future global change scenarios, and the importance of embracing culture and isolation approaches to determine microbial functional profiles. This knowledge will be critical to better predict ecosystem functions in a changing world.

scholarly journals Outlier Detection for Minor Compositional Variations in Taxonomic Abundance Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Koji Ishiya ◽  
Sachiyo Aburatani
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Compositional Variations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Shed Light

To understand the activities of complex microbial communities in various natural environments and living organisms, we need to capture the compositional changes in their taxonomic abundance. Here, we propose a new computational framework to detect compositional changes in microorganisms, including minor bacteria. This framework is designed to statistically assess relative variations in taxonomic abundance. By using this approach, we detected compositional changes in the human gut microbiome that might be associated with short-term human dietary changes. Our approach can shed light on the compositional changes of minor microorganisms that are easily overlooked.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document