Friction condition of aluminum alloy AA6061 lubricated with bio-lubricant in cold forging test

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Yahaya ◽  
Syahrullail Samion
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ring Compression ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Friction Performance

Purpose Cold forging operation is one of the widely used techniques in industry production. This paper aims to present a case study in highlighting and modelling the use of different type of palm oil-based [palm stearin (PS), palm kernel oil (PKO) and palm mid olein (PMO)] as a bio-lubricant in cold forging process using experimental and finite element method. Design/methodology/approach Ring compression test plays a fundamental role in the understanding of materials science and engineering because of the deformation, friction and wear behaviour. Aluminium (A6061) was used in this test to observe the deformation of the ring with different palm oil and its derivatives by comparing with commercial metal forming oil. Findings The presence of certain type of palm oil-based lubricant has a good performance compared to mineral-based oil in terms of surface roughness but when observed in terms of friction the result shows that palm oil-based lubricant has poor friction performance compared to mineral oil-based lubricant (m = 0.25), where PS has the lowest friction at m = 0.3 compared to PKO (m = 0.35) and PMO (m = 0.38). Research limitations/implications This research is using palm oil in cold forging test to study the friction, formation and stress at certain levels of stroke. The detail of the test is explained in the manuscript as attached. Social implications This research is trying to promote the use of biodegradable material to reduce pollution to the surrounding. Originality/value The originality of this paper has been checked using Turnitin and the result is 13%.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Polymorphic Transformations in Palm Oil, Palm Stearin and Palm Kernel Oil Characterized by Coupled Powder XRD-DSC

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Zaliha ◽  
Hishamuddin Elina ◽  
Kanagaratnam Sivaruby ◽  
Abd Rashid Norizzah ◽  
Alejandro G. Marangoni
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Powder Xrd ◽  
Polymorphic Transformations ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

Trans -free vanaspati containing ternary blends of palm oil-palm stearin-palm olein and palm oil-palm stearin-palm kernel olein

1999 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nor Aini ◽  
C. H. Che Maimon ◽  
H. Hanirah ◽  
S. Zawiah ◽  
Y. B. Che Man
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Palm Kernel Olein

scholarly journals Palm oil spot-futures relation: Evidence from unrefined and refined products

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
You-How Go ◽  
Wee-Yeap Lau
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Futures ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

This study examines the palm oil spot-futures relation in terms of mean and volatility spillovers from 2010 to 2018. Based on the cross-correlation function of standardised residuals and its squared residuals, our results show: first, crude palm oil (CPO) futures returns Granger cause refined palm oil, palm stearin and palm olein spot returns. Second, refined palm kernel oil spot returns Granger cause crude palm kernel oil futures returns in mean and variance. Third, CPO spot and refined palm olein futures returns are independent; and fourth, there is volatility spillover from CPO futures market to refined palm oil spot market within longer time. These findings suggest that refiners can use CPO futures returns instead of crude palm kernel oil futures returns for predicting the future spot return of refined palm oil products. To lock in purchasing price of unrefined palm oil products, the producers can rely on the spot volatility to decide the optimal number of crude palm kernel oil futures contracts.

Performance of polymeric viscosity improver as bio-lubricant additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Dandan ◽  
Syahrullail Samion ◽  
Nurul Farhanah Azman ◽  
Fazila Mohd Zawawi ◽  
Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Eva Copolymer ◽  
Reducing Properties

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of polymeric viscosity improver on the tribological performance of palm kernel methyl ester (PKME). Design/methodology/approach Tribological performances of the PKME added with the various concentration of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were evaluated using four-ball tribotester under extreme pressure condition. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed by using the optical microscope. Findings The addition of polymeric viscosity improver (EVA copolymer) has produced positive results towards the tribological properties of PKME. In total, 4 per cent of EVA copolymer is found as the optimum concentration by improving the friction reducing properties and anti-wear behaviour due to the formation of film thickness between two rubbing surfaces. Originality/value This work might contribute to the development of vegetable oils as a new source of environmental-friendly lubricant.

Outreach Opportunities Using the Instructional SEM at Iowa State University

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
L. S. Chumbley ◽  
M. Meyer ◽  
K. Fredrickson ◽  
F.C. Laabs
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
State University ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Audio Signals ◽  
Iowa State University ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Video And Audio

The development of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) suitable for instructional purposes has created a large number of outreach opportunities for the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Department at Iowa State University. Several collaborative efforts are presently underway with local schools and the Department of Curriculum and Instruction (C&I) at ISU to bring SEM technology into the classroom in a near live-time, interactive manner. The SEM laboratory is shown in Figure 1.Interactions between the laboratory and the classroom use inexpensive digital cameras and shareware called CU-SeeMe, Figure 2. Developed by Cornell University and available over the internet, CUSeeMe provides inexpensive video conferencing capabilities. The software allows video and audio signals from Quikcam™ cameras to be sent and received between computers. A reflector site has been established in the MSE department that allows eight different computers to be interconnected simultaneously. This arrangement allows us to demonstrate SEM principles in the classroom. An Apple Macintosh has been configured to allow the SEM image to be seen using CU-SeeMe.

Everything you've always wanted to know about what your students think they know but were afraid to ask.

2000 ◽  
Vol 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Werwa
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Formal Science ◽  
Lay Public

ABSTRACTA review of the educational literature on naive concepts about principles of chemistry and physics and surveys of science museum visitors reveal that people of all ages have robust alternative notions about the nature of atoms, matter, and bonding that persist despite formal science education experiences. Some confusion arises from the profound differences in the way that scientists and the lay public use terms such as materials, metals, liquids, models, function, matter, and bonding. Many models that eloquently articulate arrangements of atoms and molecules to informed scientists are not widely understood by lay people and may promote naive notions among the public. Shifts from one type of atomic model to another and changes in size scales are particularly confusing to learners. People's abilities to describe and understand the properties of materials are largely based on tangible experiences, and much of what students learn in school does not help them interpret their encounters with materials and phenomena in everyday life. Identification of these challenges will help educators better convey the principles of materials science and engineering to students, and will be particularly beneficial in the design of the Materials MicroWorld traveling museum exhibit.

SUBSTITUSI FERMENTASI BUNGKIL KELAPA SAWIT DALAM PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN GURAMI (OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida . ◽  
Eka Indah Raharjo ◽  
Arnis Maylinda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fermentation Residue ◽  
Average Average

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit dalam pakan buatan.Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan.Susunan perlakuan adalah Perlakuan A : bungkil kelapa sawit 12%, Perlakuan B : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 15%, Perlakuan C : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18%, Perlakuan D : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 21%. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 60 hari untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan spesifikberat, laju pertumbuhan harianpanjang, konversi pakan, kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air sebagai penunjang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit menghasilkan respon yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan ikan gurami. Pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18% (perlakuan C), memberikan hasil terbaik dengan laju pertumbuhan dengan rata – rata laju pertumbuhan spesifik berat 1.502%, laju pertumbuhan harian panjang 4.06%, nilai konversi pakan rata – rata 3.48 dan kelangsungan hidup rata – rata 90%.Kata Kunci : Fermentasi Bungkil Kelapa Sawit, Ikan Gurami, Laju PertumbuhanThe study aims to determine the use of fermentation residue oil palm in artificial feed .Research using a completely randomized design ( CRD ), which consists of 4 treatment three replications.The composition of the treatment is the treatment  A : 12 % of palm oil cake , Treatment B : fermented palm oil cake 15 % , Treatment C : fermented palm oil cake 18 % , Treatment D : fermentation residue palm oil 21 %.This research was conducted for 60 days to determine the specific growth rate of heavy , long daily growth rate , feed conversion , survival and quality of water as a supporter.The results showed the artificial feeding with fermented palm cake to produce a good response to the growth of carp.Feeding artificially by fermentation cake palm oil 18 % ( treatment C ) , gives the best results with a growth rate with the average - average growth rate of the specific weight of 1.502 % daily growth rate long- 4:06 % , the value of feed conversion average - average 3:48 and median survival - average of 90 % .Keywords : Fermentation Palm Kernel Oil, Fish carp, Growth Rate

Influence of ageing treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and adhesive wear behaviour of 6063 aluminium alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Büyükdoğan ◽  
Süleyman Gündüz ◽  
Mustafa Türkmen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Strain Ageing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Static Strain ◽  
Structural Applications

Purpose – The paper aims to provide new observations about static strain ageing in aluminium (Al) alloys which are widely used in structural applications. Design/methodology/approach – The present work aims to provide theoretical and practical information to industries or researchers who may be interested in the effect of static strain ageing on mechanical properties of Al alloys. The data are sorted into the following sections: introduction, materials and experimental procedure, results and discussion and conclusions. Findings – Tensile strength, proof strength (0.2 per cent) and percentage elongation measurement were used to investigate the effect of strain ageing on the mechanical properties. Wear tests were performed by sliding the pin specimens, which were prepared from as-received, solution heat-treated, deformed and undeformed specimens after ageing, on high-speed tool steel (64 HRC). It is concluded that the variations in ageing time improved the strength and wear resistance of the 6063 Al alloy; however, a plastically deformed solution-treated alloy has higher strength and wear resistance than undeformed specimens for different ageing times at 180°C. Practical implications – A very useful source of information for industries using or planning to produce Al alloys. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified resource need and offers practical help to the industries.

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