Comparison of mechanical response of knee joint with healthy and damaged femoral cartilage

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common and potentially catastrophic knee joint injury, afflicting a large number of males and particularly females annually. Apart from the obvious acute injury events, it also presents with significant long-term morbidities, in which osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent and debilitative outcome. With these facts in mind, a vast amount of research has been undertaken over the past five decades geared toward characterizing the structural and mechanical behaviors of the native ACL tissue under various external load applications. While these efforts have afforded important insights, both in terms of understanding treating and rehabilitating ACL injuries; injury rates, their well-established sex-based disparity, and long-term sequelae have endured. In reviewing the expanse of literature conducted to date in this area, this paper identifies important knowledge gaps that contribute directly to this long-standing clinical dilemma. In particular, the following limitations remain. First, minimal data exist that accurately describe native ACL mechanics under the extreme loading rates synonymous with actual injury. Second, current ACL mechanical data are typically derived from isolated and oversimplified strain estimates that fail to adequately capture the true 3D mechanical response of this anatomically complex structure. Third, graft tissues commonly chosen to reconstruct the ruptured ACL are mechanically suboptimal, being overdesigned for stiffness compared to the native tissue. The net result is an increased risk of rerupture and a modified and potentially hazardous habitual joint contact profile. These major limitations appear to warrant explicit research attention moving forward in order to successfully maintain/restore optimal knee joint function and long-term life quality in a large number of otherwise healthy individuals.

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Simulation Analysis of Knee Ligaments in the Landing Phase of Freestyle Skiing Aerial

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9183713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

pp. 3713 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanming Fu ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Tianbiao Yu

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Element Model ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Internal Stresses ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Medium Risk

The risk of knee injuries in freestyle skiing athletes that perform aerials is high. The internal stresses in the knee joints of these athletes cannot easily be directly measured. In order to ascertain the mechanical response of knee joints during the landing phase, and to explore the mechanism of damage to the cartilage and ligaments, a finite element model of the knee joint was established. Three successful landing conditions (neutral, backward, or forward landing) from a triple kicker were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the risk of cruciate ligament damage during a neutral landing was lowest. A forward landing carried medium risk, while backward landing was of highest risk. Backward and forward landing carried risk of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), respectively. The magnitude of stress on the meniscus and cartilage varied for all three landing scenarios. Stress was largest during neutral landing and least in backward landing, while forward landing resulted in a medium level of stress. The results also provide the basis for training that is scientifically robust so as to reduce the risk of injury and assist in the development of a professional knee joint protector.

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The effect of knee joint loading and immobilization on the femoral cartilage thickness in paraplegics

Spinal Cord ◽

10.1038/sc.2015.151 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 283-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B Yilmaz ◽

Y Demir ◽

E Özyörük ◽

S Kesikburun ◽

Ü Güzelküçük

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Cartilage Thickness ◽

Joint Loading ◽

Femoral Cartilage ◽

Femoral Cartilage Thickness ◽

Knee Joint Loading

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Comprehensive Identification of Tibiofemoral Joint Anatomy and Mechanical Response: Pathway to Multiscale Characterization

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80200 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Snehal Chokhandre ◽

Craig Bennetts ◽

Jason Halloran ◽

Robb Colbrunn ◽

Tara Bonner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Model Development ◽

Fe Analysis ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Tissue Properties ◽

Multiscale Mechanics ◽

Human Knee Joint

The human knee joint is a complex multi-body structure, whose substructures greatly affect its mechanical response. An understanding of the multiscale mechanics of the joint is essential for the prevention and treatment of knee joint injuries and pathologies. Due to the limitations associated with in vivo experimentation, mechanical characterization of the knee joint has commonly relied on in vitro experimentation [1,2]. Predictive and descriptive studies of the mechanical function of the knee and its substructures have commonly employed computational modeling, in particular finite element (FE) analysis, which can be driven by experimental data. With the recent focus on the use of FE models of the knee joint for scientific and clinical purposes [3–5], data for model development, verification, and validation became increasingly important, especially when relying on FE analysis for decision making. An adequate representation of a joint not only depends on the specimen-specific anatomy but may also need to be informed by specimen-specific tissue properties for model development, and specimen-specific joint/tissue response to confirm model response.

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ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL STATE OF THE HUMAN KNEE JOINT WITH DEFECT CARTILAGE IN STANDING

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519416400212 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (08) ◽

pp. 1640021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LULU QIU ◽

XUEMEI MA ◽

LILAN GAO ◽

YUTAO MEN ◽

CHUNQIU ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Von Mises Stress ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Human Knee ◽

Femoral Cartilage ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Lower Limb Movement ◽

Von Mises

Knee joint is the hub of human lower limb movement and it is also an important weight-bearing joint, which has the characteristics of load-bearing and heavy physical activities. So the knee joint becomes the predilection site of clinical disease. Once people have the cartilage lesions, their daily life will be affected seriously. The simulation of the knee joint lesions could provide help for clinical knee-joint treatment. Based on the complete model of knee joint, this paper use the finite element method to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the defective knee joint. The results of simulation show that the stress of cartilages when standing on single leg is approximately doubled than that of standing on two legs. When standing on single leg, the 8-mm diameter osteochondral defect in femur cartilage can generate maximal changes in von-mises stress (by 36.74%), while the von-mises stress on tibia cartilage with 8-mm defect increase by 87%. The stress distribution of cartilages is almost the same, there is no obvious stress concentration when in defect. Increasing the defective diameter, femoral cartilage, meniscus and tibial all present an increasing trend towards stress. When increasing the applied load, the stress of the femoral cartilage, the meniscus and the tibial cartilage all increased.

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Factors Affecting the Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead Concentrations in the Knee Joint Structures

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.758074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Guoyong Li ◽

Chunfeng Xiong ◽

Wenhua Xu ◽

Runhong Mei ◽

Tao Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Toxic Element ◽

Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Femoral Cartilage ◽

Anterior Cruciate

Background: Toxic elements, such as aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), are persistent environmental pollutants that can cause adverse effects on the health of exposed individuals. Bone is one of the primary target organs of accumulation and potential damage from toxic elements.Objectives: This study was performed to determine the Al, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the femoral cancellous bone, femoral cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus, tibial cartilage, tibial cancellous bone and infrapatellar fat pad. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between toxic element concentrations and related factors such as gender, age, place of residence, hypertension and diabetes, and to determine the correlations among these toxic elements in knee joint structures.Methods: The samples used this study were collected from 51 patients following total knee arthroplasty. The Al, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry.Results: Significant differences were found in the Al, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations among the knee joint structures. Cd concentration in the tibial cancellous bone in women was significantly higher than in men. Pb concentration in the infrapatellar fat pad of urban patients was significantly higher as compared to rural patients. Al concentrations in the femoral cancellous bone, femoral cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus and tibial cartilage were significantly higher in patients living in urban areas than in rural areas. As concentration in the tibial cancellous bone of diabetic patients was significantly higher compared to non-diabetic patients. In addition, significant Spearman's positive correlations were found between Al and Pb in the knee joint structures.Conclusion: The obtained results of the investigated toxic elements may serve as a basis for establishing the reference values of Al, As, Cd, and Pb in the knee joint structures. The results reported in the study provides novel data regarding the relationships between the toxic element concentrations and gender, age, place of residence, hypertension and diabetes in the studied structures of knee joint. Furthermore, new interactions among these toxic elements were noted.

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T2 Values of Femoral Cartilage of the Knee Joint: Comparison between Pre-Contrast and Post-Contrast Images

Korean Journal of Radiology ◽

10.3348/kjr.2014.15.1.123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hyun Jung Yoon ◽

Young Cheol Yoon ◽

Bong-Keun Choe

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Post Contrast ◽

Femoral Cartilage

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Mechanical Response of Porcine Knee Joint Cartilage by Raman Spectroscopy

The Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering ◽

10.1299/jsmebiofro.2017.28.1b14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017.28 (0) ◽

pp. 1B14

Author(s):

Misaki KITAYAMA ◽

Masahiro TODOH

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Joint Cartilage ◽

Porcine Knee

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Mechanical Response of Human Knee Joint to Sinusoidal Compression: Influence of Fluid Pressurization in Soft Tissues

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80417 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Yaghoub Dabiri ◽

LePing Li

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Joint Modeling ◽

Loading Frequency ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Fluid Pressurization

The mechanical response of the knee joint has been simulated using finite element methods with elastic material models [1–4]. Fluid pressurization in articular cartilage and menisci has not been considered in the anatomically accurate joint modeling until recently [5–7]. We have recently considered stress relaxation and creep behavior of human knees. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanics of the femoral cartilage under cyclical knee compression. We are particularly interested in the determination of loading versus unloading patterns for the fluid pressure and flow, as well as the influence of the loading frequency on the fluid pressurization.

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