scholarly journals The Impact of the First, Second, and Third Waves of COVID‐19 on Hepatitis B and C Testing in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Mandel ◽  
Adriana Peci ◽  
Kirby Cronin ◽  
Camelia I. Capraru ◽  
Hemant Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load, liver and renal function in adults treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) vs. untreated: a retrospective longitudinal UK cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyan Wang ◽  
David A. Smith ◽  
Cori Campbell ◽  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Oliver Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Current clinical guidelines recommend treating chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a minority of cases, but there are relatively scarce data on evolution or progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis in cases of chronic HBV (CHB) that do not meet treatment criteria. We aimed to assess the impact of TDF on liver disease, and the risk of renal impairment in treated CHB patients in comparison to untreated patients. Methods We studied a longitudinal ethnically diverse CHB cohort in the UK attending out-patient clinics between 2005 and 2018. We examined TDF treatment (vs. untreated) as the main exposure, with HBV DNA viral load (VL), ALT, elastography scores and eGFR as the main outcomes, using paired tests and mixed effects model for longitudinal measurements. Additionally, decline of eGFR during follow-up was quantified within individuals by thresholds based on clinical guidelines. Baseline was defined as treatment initiation for TDF group and the beginning of clinical follow-up for untreated group respectively. Results We included 206 adults (60 on TDF, 146 untreated), with a median ± IQR follow-up duration of 3.3 ± 2.8 years. The TDF group was significantly older (median age 39 vs. 35 years, p = 0.004) and more likely to be male (63% vs. 47%, p = 0.04) compared to the untreated group. Baseline difference between TDF and untreated groups reflected treatment eligibility criteria. As expected, VL and ALT declined significantly over time in TDF-treated patients. Elastography scores normalised during treatment in the TDF group reflecting regression of inflammation and/or fibrosis. However, 6/81 (7.4%) of untreated patients had a progression of fibrosis stage from F0-F1 to F2 or F3. There was no evidence of difference in rates or incidence of renal impairment during follow-up in the TDF vs. untreated group. Conclusions Risk of liver inflammation and fibrosis may be raised in untreated patients compared to those receiving TDF, and TDF may benefit a larger percentage of the CHB population.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnancy: Immunological Response, Natural Course and Pregnancy Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2926
Author(s):  
Sirinart Sirilert ◽  
Theera Tongsong
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

This review aimed to provide an update on the impact of pregnancy on the natural course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and also on the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). For the literature review, original research articles, review articles, and guidelines were narratively reviewed and comprehensively validated. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were carefully searched for articles in English on topics related to HBV infection, pregnancy, and vertical transmission from 1960 to May 2021. Immunological changes during pregnancy such as suppression of Th1 response and induction of Th2 immunity lead to an impaired immune reaction to HBV and stimulate viral activity along with the reduction of CD8 T cells to escape immune detection. The impact of pregnancy on the natural course of chronic HBV infection seems to be minimal, while pregnancy can increase morbidity and mortality in the case of advanced HBV hepatitis or cirrhosis. Importantly, hepatitis flare or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare can occur during pregnancy and is more common during the postpartum period due to the interaction between HBV and the immune response. Interestingly, the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes is more serious than ever thought. Updated evidence indicates that pregnancies with chronic HBV infection increase the risk of preterm birth and gestational diabetes, especially in cases of positive hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg).

scholarly journals Beyond the diagnosis: a qualitative exploration of the experiences of persons with hepatitis B in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e017665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ampong Adjei ◽  
Florence Naab ◽  
Ernestina S Donkor
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
Health Delivery System ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis study explored the experiences of people with hepatitis B in the Accra metropolis.DesignThe study employed qualitative exploratory descriptive design with purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using content analysis.SettingsParticipants were recruited from one government and one mission hospital in Ghana.ParticipantsFourteen individuals aged between 26 and 45 years with hepatitis B infection were interviewed.ResultsThe findings of the study showed that people with hepatitis B in the Accra metropolis were unclear about the impact of their infection. Furthermore, they experienced psychological and social problems especially when they were initially informed about their hepatitis B status. Sadness, fear, shock, shame and disbelief were some of the experiences reported by participants. Coping strategies adopted include religiosity, denial and lifestyle modification.ConclusionsIt is, therefore, necessary as a country to integrate hepatitis B counselling into the already existing HIV structures in the health delivery system to offer support for individuals diagnosed with hepatitis B. Furthermore, it is important to draw lessons from the process used in the diagnosis of HIV, particularly in ensuring that people provide consent for being tested.

MODELING THE IMPACT OF AWARENESS CREATED BY MEDIA CAMPAIGNS ON VACCINATION COVERAGE IN A VARIABLE POPULATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUPAMA SHARMA ◽  
A. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
The Impact

Vaccines are a core component of any preventive strategy designed to ensure the global public health. A major factor influencing the successful implementation of any immunization program is awareness and public acceptance of the vaccine. The present study focuses on potential impacts of awareness created by media campaigns on vaccination coverage of hepatitis B. In this paper, a SIR model with vital dynamics in a population of varying size is investigated, which couples hepatitis B vaccination and awareness created by media within a single framework. It is assumed that media campaigns propagate awareness about measures requisite for escaping the chances of contracting hepatitis B. The awareness created by media motivates people to get vaccinated and attain full immunization against hepatitis B virus. For analyzing the model, stability theory of differential equations is employed. First, equilibria of the system comprising fractions of the population are obtained and their stability behavior is discussed. Then the asymptotic behavior of total population is discussed in detail. Three threshold parameters R0, R1and R2governing the dynamics of infection and total population are also affirmed. The findings of numerical simulations are also in line with analytically obtained results.

THE IMPACT OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION ON THE COURSE OF HEPATITIS B LIVER DISEASE

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. PARFREY ◽  
R. D. C. FORBES ◽  
T. A. HUTCHINSON ◽  
S. KENICK ◽  
D. FARGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The Impact

Vaccine titers in lymphoma patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7555-7555
Author(s):  
Radhika Bansal ◽  
Paschalis Vergidis ◽  
Pritish Tosh ◽  
John W. Wilson ◽  
Matthew Hathcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Aggressive Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T ◽  
The Impact

7555 Background: While CAR-T therapy is not myelo-ablative, patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) are lymphodepleted and have prolonged B cell aplasia. The impact of CAR-T on immunologic protection from vaccine-preventable diseases (and thus the need to revaccinate) is not known. We report the vaccine titers of patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at Mayo Clinic. Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult lymphoma patients who received axi-cel from 9/2018 to 9/2020 for anti-viral and anti-bacterial titers prior to CAR-T infusion and at month 3 (MO3) post CAR-T. Results: Prior to CAR-T therapy, positive titer rate was highest for tetanus and lowest for Strep pneumoniae (Strep PNA) (Table). Similar trends were seen whether patients had stem cell transplant (ASCT) within 2 years of CAR-T (i.e. within immunization timeframe post ASCT) or not (Table). Compared to patients who had ASCT, those who did not had higher rate of positive titer for Strep PNA and lower rate for hepatitis B, Mumps, and VZV. The same trend for sero-positive rate were observed at MO3 post CAR-T. Patients with IgG<400 mg/dl received IVIG supplement for prophylaxis. Among the 23 patients who received IVIG, variable rate of conversion from negative to positive titers were seen for measles (1/2, 50%), mumps (2/3, 67%), rubella (2/3, 67%), varicella-zoster (VZV, 3/3, 100%), hepatitis A (6/6, 100%), hepatitis B (6/7, 86%) and Strep PNA (0/10, 0%). For patients who did not receive IVIG prophylaxis, there was one loss of seropositivity for Strep PNA (1/4, 25%). Conclusions: The presence of protective vaccine titers is variable for patients receiving CAR-T, regardless of recent ASCT. The loss of protective titers post CART was low. IVIG variably impacted vaccine titer status. Immunization remains important for patients with ASCT prior to CART, without completion of post ASCT immunization protocol. Further study is needed to inform the need for immunization and optimal timing post CART.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 (7) ◽  
pp. 1118-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ju Su ◽  
Shu-Fong Chen ◽  
Chin-Hui Yang ◽  
Pei-Hung Chuang ◽  
Hsiu-Fang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universal Infant

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996–June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results The annual HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984–1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends < .0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval, .26–.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MULTIPLEX PCR IN REDUCING THE RISK OF RESIDUAL TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES IN BURKINA FASO

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e2018041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzouma Paul YOODA ◽  
Serge Theophile SOUBEIGA ◽  
Kompingnin Yacouba NEBIE ◽  
Birama DIARRA ◽  
Salam SAWADOGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Background and ObjectiveThe improved performance of serological tests has significantly reduced the risk of human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B and C viruses transmission by blood transfusion, but there is a persistence of residual risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of multiplex PCR in reducing the risk of residual transmission of these viruses in seronegative blood donors in Burkina Faso.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2017. The serological tests were performed on sera using ARCHITECTSR i1000 (Abbot diagnosis, USA). Detection of viral nucleic acids was performed by multiplex PCR on mini-pools of seronegative plasma for HBV, HCV and HIV using SaCycler-96 Real Time PCR v.7.3 (Sacace Biotechnologies). Multiplex PCR-positive samples from these mini-pools were then individually tested by the same method.Results A total of 989 donors aged 17 to 65 were included in the present study. "Repeat donors" accounted for 44.79% (443/989). Seroprevalences for HIV, HBV, and HCV were 2.53% (25/989), 7.28% (72/989) and 2.73% (27/989), respectively. Of the 14 co-infections detected, HBV/HCV was the most common with 0.71% (7/989) of cases. Of 808 donations tested by multiplex PCR, 4.70% (38/808) were positive for HBV while no donation was positive for HIV or HCV.Conclusion: Our study showed a high residual risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusion. Due to the high prevalence of blood-borne infections in Burkina Faso, we recommend the addition of multiplex PCR to serologic tests for optimal blood donation screening.

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