Racial preferences in sexual attraction among White heterosexual and gay men: Evidence from sexual arousal patterns and negative racial attitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Hsu ◽  
Ryan F. Lei ◽  
Galen V. Bodenhausen
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Racial Preferences

scholarly journals The Perceived Need To Be Hot: An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Belief In Sexual Stereotypes And Erectile Dysfunction In Gay Men Using Thermal Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Faaborg-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Risky Sex ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sexual Stereotypes ◽  
Subjective Sexual Arousal ◽  
The Relationship

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been associated with considerable mental health and interpersonal problems, an increase in risky sex, and is particularly prevalent among gay and bisexual men. Psychological treatment protocols for sexual dysfunctions often aim at challenging beliefs and cognitions about the importance of a “perfect sexual performance,” known as sexual stereotypes. However, to date, little empirical evidence exists for the relationship between ED and belief in sexual stereotypes (BSS). To address this gap, 70 gay men were recruited; 30 with ED and 40 healthy controls. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including a measure of BSS, followed by having their genital temperature measured using a thermal imaging camera, while viewing a sexually explicit film. The study had four main objectives: (1) to evaluate between group differences in subjective sexual arousal and physiological arousal; (2) to examine within group differences in the effects of BSS on physiological and self-reported sexual arousal; (3) to evaluate the relationship between BSS, negative automatic thoughts during sex, and ED; and (4) to evaluate the relationship between ED and risky sex among gay men. Results revealed significant between-group differences in physiological arousal, but not in subjective sexual arousal. While between-group differences were found in BSS, no within-group differences were found in the relation of BSS on physiological and self-reported sexual arousal. No significant relationships were found between BSS, negative automatic thoughts, and ED. Participants with ED were found to be significantly more likely to use erectile enhancing drugs, but no significant differences in condom removal were found between groups; however, substantially more individuals with ED (23.3%) reported removing condoms prior to the completion of sexual activity, as compared to healthy controls (5%). Findings of this study contribute to improving psychological treatments for gay men with ED, as well as better understanding pathways leading to risky sex in gay men.

Sexual Desire and the Phenomenology of Attraction

Dialogue ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-283
Author(s):  
BRADLEY RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Sexual Desires ◽  
Affect States ◽  
Phenomenal States

Developing Thomas Nagel’s 1969 paper, Rockney Jacobsen argues that sexual desires are for activities that are taken to affect states of sexual arousal in certain ways. I argue that some sexual desires are for activities that are taken to affect states of phenomenal attraction (phenomenal states associated with sexual attraction). Unlike sexual arousal, phenomenal attraction cannot be assuaged; thus, there are no activities that can satisfy phenomenal attraction-based sexual desires. This explains why sexual activities are so varied and numerous, and possibly how so many activities are able to affect sexual arousal.

Anhedonic brain while attending sexual and emotional pictures

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S161-S161
Author(s):  
F. Von Duering
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Competing Interest

Anhedonia is defined as the inability to gain pleasure from normally pleasurable experiences and reduced sexual desire. Rees et al. (2007) showed that limbic and paralimbic areas are responsible for sexual arousal and that anhedonia is associated with frontolimbic inhibition. In major depression, reduced ventral striatum and increased ventral prefrontal cortex areas was associated with anhedonia(Gorwood, 2009). Walter et al. (2009) indicated that there is a deviation in the neuronal activation pattern of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in anhedonic depression which is related to a glutamergic deficit. Glutamate was suggested to play a relevant role in reward system (Birgner et al., 2005). ACC is a key involved in affective state and glutamate mediates ACC activation to sexual attraction(Wu et al., 2009). Thus, a glutamatergic deficit might be related to reduced hedonic effect specific to major depression. Using an attention modulation of emotional and sexual pictures, we investigate the role of anhedonia on the ventral and dorsal systems in healthy volunteers and patients with major depression. They undergo an expectancy task in a 7 T scanner and passively view sexual and emotional photographs and are asked to expect either high salient pictures or high erotic pictures. Half of these pictures are announced by an expectancy cue, whereas the other half are preceded by a fixation cross. Snaith-Hamilton-Pleasure-Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale are employed to assess anhedonia and depressive symptom severity. Brain metabolites in the dorsal and pgACC are measured using MRS. We will show how anhedonia modulates the neural response to sexual arousal.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Case of Atypical Sexual Attractiveness in a Male Domestic Dog—A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3156
Author(s):  
Martyna Woszczyło ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Jacek Łyczko ◽  
Tadeusz Jezierski ◽  
Paulina Krzemińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Estrus Phase

During the ovarian cycle in domestic dogs, females do not accept males during the first days of estrus but become attractive to males from the beginning of proestrus, with this attractiveness persisting until the end of the estrus phase. It is believed that increased estradiol is responsible for the female attractiveness to the males. In this paper we describe the case of strong, but atypical attractiveness of a castrated male to various, adult, intact males, influenced by the emitted semiochemical signals. Any significant changes in the level of hormones typically involved in the process connected with estrus and responsible for sexual arousal in the males were assessed. The case animal was a 4 year old castrated male Border Collie that was extremely attractive to various males, which presented high levels of sexual arousal, with intensive sniffing and licking of the preputial area, specific vocalization, increased salivation and, finally, mating attempts. Clinical examination of the castrated male revealed a lack of testes in the scrotum and abdominal cavity confirmed by USG. Laboratory tests indicated basal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone (15.23 pg/mL, <0.05 ng/mL, 0.25 ng/mL), and sex was confirmed via cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Chemical analysis (HS-SPME) of the urine indicated a huge similarity to the profile obtained from a bitch in estrus, with an elevated level of acetophenone, which has been previously postulated in the literature as being a characteristic of the estrus phase in female domestic dogs. This case presented very atypical sexual attractiveness, particularly when taking into account the basal levels of hormones which, according to current knowledge, are responsible for the creation of attractiveness. As a hypothesis requiring verification, we propose the idea of involvement of other hormones in the creation of incidental attractiveness or increased production of compounds responsible for attractiveness (sex pheromones) resulting from metabolic events unrelated to reproductive processes. To our knowledge it is the first described case presenting this phenomenon, which, with more detailed study, could shed new light on the process of creation of sexual attraction in the domestic dog.

Psychological characteristics preceding the development of homosexuality

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Dmitriyevich Isayev
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Gender Variance ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Identity Problems

490 gay men and 235 heterosexual men were surveyed to reveal frequency of distribution of childhood and adolescence gender non-conformity in gay men compare to similar features in straight men. Significant differences identified between two samples. The vast majority of gay men had history of various combinations of identity problems, crossgender behavior, communication problems, difficulties in adoption normative gender roles, the inability to find a common language with peers. In heterosexual sample basis were communicative problems related to particular personality features of some part of the control group. Gender-variance by itself cannot be regarded as an obvious sign indicating the development of homosexuality. In some cases it is a sign of congenital determinants that lead to the same sex sexual attraction, and in others this is only contributing personality characteristics facilitating under certain circumstances occurrence of erotic attachments to persons of the same gender.

scholarly journals The Perceived Need To Be Hot: An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Belief In Sexual Stereotypes And Erectile Dysfunction In Gay Men Using Thermal Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Faaborg-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Risky Sex ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sexual Stereotypes ◽  
Subjective Sexual Arousal ◽  
The Relationship

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been associated with considerable mental health and interpersonal problems, an increase in risky sex, and is particularly prevalent among gay and bisexual men. Psychological treatment protocols for sexual dysfunctions often aim at challenging beliefs and cognitions about the importance of a “perfect sexual performance,” known as sexual stereotypes. However, to date, little empirical evidence exists for the relationship between ED and belief in sexual stereotypes (BSS). To address this gap, 70 gay men were recruited; 30 with ED and 40 healthy controls. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including a measure of BSS, followed by having their genital temperature measured using a thermal imaging camera, while viewing a sexually explicit film. The study had four main objectives: (1) to evaluate between group differences in subjective sexual arousal and physiological arousal; (2) to examine within group differences in the effects of BSS on physiological and self-reported sexual arousal; (3) to evaluate the relationship between BSS, negative automatic thoughts during sex, and ED; and (4) to evaluate the relationship between ED and risky sex among gay men. Results revealed significant between-group differences in physiological arousal, but not in subjective sexual arousal. While between-group differences were found in BSS, no within-group differences were found in the relation of BSS on physiological and self-reported sexual arousal. No significant relationships were found between BSS, negative automatic thoughts, and ED. Participants with ED were found to be significantly more likely to use erectile enhancing drugs, but no significant differences in condom removal were found between groups; however, substantially more individuals with ED (23.3%) reported removing condoms prior to the completion of sexual activity, as compared to healthy controls (5%). Findings of this study contribute to improving psychological treatments for gay men with ED, as well as better understanding pathways leading to risky sex in gay men.

An Examination of Psychophysiological Sexual Arousal in Bisexual Women

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Haberl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Genital Arousal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Subjective Arousal

This study aims to gain an understanding of the sexual arousal patterns of women who have some degree of sexual attraction to both males and females. Women’s genital arousal has been found to be nonspecific. That is, women have been found to show physiological arousal to stimuli depicting both their preferred and non-preferred gender (Chivers, Seto, & Blanchard, 2007). This previous research has examined arousal patterns of heterosexual and homosexual females but no research to date has focused on bisexual women. Bisexuality has been found to be more prevalent in women than homosexuality (Mosher, Chandra, & Jones, 2005); therefore, it is important to understand the arousal patterns of these women. In the current study, women’s physiological and self-reported arousal will be measured as they view erotic videos varying by degree of sexual activity (e.g., naked exercising, masturbation, coupled intercourse) and varying by gender of the sexual actors. Based on past literature, I expect to find that both physiological and subjective arousal levels will increase as the level of sexual activity in the videos increases (e.g. greater arousal to intercourse than to masturbation). I also expect to find that the correlation between bisexual women’s physiological and subjective arousal will be stronger than the concordance for either heterosexual or homosexual women. Finally, I expect frequency of masturbation, use of erotica, and sex toy use to be positively correlated with women's sexual arousal concordance (between physiological and subjective arousal).

Underrepresentation and the Perception of Others’ Racial Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-767
Author(s):  
Arianne E. Eason ◽  
Cheryl R. Kaiser ◽  
Jessica A. Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Racial Attitude ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Racial Preferences ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Low Diversity

Across two experiments, we investigate racial attitude perceptions in low-diversity environments to explore whether friendships with members of numerically underrepresented groups serve as a stronger indication of individuals’ racial attitudes than friendships with members of the numeric majority. Children aged 7–10 years heard about a Black (Experiment 1) or White (Experiment 2) protagonist befriending two classmates who belonged to either the numeric minority or majority group. When protagonists befriended classmates from the numeric minority rather than the numeric majority, participants inferred racial preferences among Black protagonists who befriended in-group (but not out-group) children and White protagonists who befriended in-group and out-group children. Racial preferences were not assumed when children made inferences about others’ choice of future social partners. This work has implications for understanding how the racial composition of environments may affect perceptions of the same-race and cross-race friendships.

Women Interact More Comfortably and Intimately With Gay Men—But Not Straight Men—After Learning Their Sexual Orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Russell ◽  
William Ickes ◽  
Vivian P. Ta
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Opposite Sex

Research suggests that the development of close, opposite-sex friendships is frequently impeded by men’s often one-sided sexual attraction to women. But what if this element were removed? The current research tested the hypothesis that women engage in more comfortable and intimate interactions with a gay (but not a straight) man immediately after discovering his sexual orientation. In two studies, female participants engaged in imagined or actual initial interactions with either a straight man or a gay man. After the man’s sexual orientation was revealed, women (particularly attractive ones) who were paired with a gay man reported greater anticipated comfort, which was mediated by their reduced worry about his sexual intentions (Study 1). Further, once women discovered that they were interacting with a gay man, they displayed more intimate engagement behaviors with him (Study 2). These findings reveal how, and why, close relationships often form quickly between women and gay men.

Who are gynandromorphophilic men? Characterizing men with sexual interest in transgender women

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Hsu ◽  
A. M. Rosenthal ◽  
D. I. Miller ◽  
J. M. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Subjective Sexual Arousal

BackgroundGynandromorphophilia (GAMP) is sexual interest in gynandromorphs (GAMs; colloquially, shemales). GAMs possess a combination of male and female physical characteristics. Thus, GAMP presents a challenge to conventional understandings of sexual orientation as sexual attraction to the male v. female form. Speculation about GAMP men has included the ideas that they are homosexual, heterosexual, or especially, bisexual.MethodWe compared genital and subjective sexual arousal patterns of GAMP men with those of heterosexual and homosexual men. We also compared these groups on their self-ratings of sexual orientation and sexual interests.ResultsGAMP men had arousal patterns similar to those of heterosexual men and different from those of homosexual men. However, compared to heterosexual men, GAMP men were relatively more aroused by GAM erotic stimuli than by female erotic stimuli. GAMP men also scored higher than both heterosexual and homosexual men on a measure of autogynephilia.ConclusionsResults provide clear evidence that GAMP men are not homosexual. They also indicate that GAMP men are especially likely to eroticize the idea of being a woman.

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