scholarly journals Development of biochemical properties in anthropic soil (the study at Třinec–Jahodná plot)

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Karel Marosz ◽  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
Klement Rejšek
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Humic Compounds ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Layered Substrate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Positive Statement ◽  
Anthropic Soils

The properties of the anthropic soils formed at the sludge bed “Třinec-Jahodná”. The sludge bed came from a long-time depositing of fly-ash and slag layers. Therefore, the anthropic soil properties obtained their features by both a character of layered substrate and a management of the local land reclamation. The paper presented deals with the rate of an intensity of biological and biochemical soil processes in charge of the fulfilment of plant nourishment demands, and the time viewpoints focusing on the local soil development. The set of enzymatic and biological measurements were chosen for treatments of soil bodies sampled throughout 2007–2008. The study plots inside the sludge bed and the control plot were sampled; the properties of particular horizons were studied. The results proved that the twenty-year-development of soil bodies made the proper conditions for plant nutrition. The positive statement, nevertheless, is directly linked to the presence of trees and shrubs. The vegetation seems to be one of the very crucial factors for a status of the site and maintenance of soil productivity: it affects temperature amplitudes, sensitivity to erosion, a redistribution of soil water, and a humic compounds accumulation. The statistical analyses showed significantly differing results on the study plots with a shorter development and a lower rate of vegetational cover.

scholarly journals The Problems of Legal Regulation of the Land Reclamation after the Illegal Coal Mining by the “Black Diggers” (the Kemerovo region example)

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Vitaly Shelestukov ◽  
Roman Drapezo ◽  
Roman Islamov
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with the issues of the legal “irregularity” of criminal and material responsibility of the “black diggers” for the illegal production of natural resources in the territory of the Kuzbass. The schemes of production and selling the coal are very different. That is why it is rather difficult to consider them in terms of criminal, arbitration, and administrative processes, especially by considering the issues of reclaiming the lands broken by such illegal activity. This is evidenced by the limited judicial practice of arbitration courts and courts of law of the Kuzbass. There is also no similar practice in other territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. Thus, there is a necessity in urgent developing of the methodical recommendations for the law enforcement officials on the calculation and compensation for the damage, considering the escalating statistical data on the illegal activity of the “black diggers”. Since the production and land reclamation caused by the coal mining are technologically interconnected, there must be an assigned surveillance of the use of a fund and the order of land reclamation to the prosecutor’s office on the surveillance of respecting the lawfulness in the coal-mining industry. These actions are provided for the coal-mining enterprises. For a long time, the “black diggers” have been producing the natural minerals which are the property of the state and they have also been able to escape the attention of the Russian legislation.

scholarly journals Change of nitrogen regime of gray forest large-sawn-light-ber-soil soil under the influence at different systems fertilizer and chemical land-reclamation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
O.V. Dmytrenko ◽  
◽  
M.A. Tkachenko ◽  
A.I. Pavlichenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Density Correlation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
User Groups ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The results of research in a stationary study, based in 1992 on gray forest coarse-grained loamy soil, on the impact of long-term chemical reclamation and0,0 various supply systems (mineral, organic, organo-mineral) on the nitrogen regime. Nitrogen is extremely important in agriculture, as all processes, photosynthesis, volume of substances and distribution of the level of yield and its quality are impossible without this element. In the total coverage of the country, the share of soils of forest origin exceeds 33 %, and among agricultural lands – 25 %. Given the content of humus and its total reserves, the integrated indicator of soil formation and the most important characteristic that determines the overall habit of the soil, in the articles above, change it from the above factors. It can also be shown that the content of gross nitrogen reflects the humus content, which is determined and differs from the humus content of the residual. There is a high density correlation between these indicators for all different studies (r = 0,991). The obtained data indicate that only with the use of greens and by-products of precursors and measured doses of mineral fertilizers with the use of liming achieved by the size of the total nitrogen to the initial level. The growth of the composition is 0,36 – 0,45 t / ha and in this case we can state the expansion of its reproduction. Only after mineralization nitrogen of organic compounds becomes available to plants. The form of nitrogen, which is easily hydrolyzed, is a fairly reliable indicator of the provision of this element. To classify the test content with the content of mobile compounds 81,2 – 103 mg / kg belong to the user groups with a very high degree of supply, but the degree hydrolyzes organic substances in high quantities (9,6 – 10,2 %). With the combined use of green manures, non-marketable plant products, single doses of mineral fertilizers in a combination of lime achieved growth of 27,5 % on the restoration to control of this form of nitrogen. For the above complex of nutrients at an increased content of 16,5 mg/kg to control the amount of N-NO3- + N-NH4 +, as well as 7,4 mg / kg of nitrifying capacity of the soil. The studied gray forest soils belong to the group of soils with low humus content and its total reserves, which are inherited from the original pedogenesis and modern soil formation processes. Under the influence of a set of agronomic measures for a long time the type of humus does not change, which indicates the invariability of the direction of soil formation

scholarly journals Development and implementation of a web-system for making management decisions on increasing soil productivity of degraded agricultural lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032096
Author(s):  
A Ilinskiy ◽  
A Matveev ◽  
K Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Web System ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Abstract Experimental studies on the effectiveness of the use of new organo-mineral amendments obtained on the basis of biocompost to restore fertility and increase the productivity of degraded alluvial meadow medium loamy and sod-podzolic sandy loamy soils of reclaimed agricultural lands were carried out by the authors of the paper as part of the implementation of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation “To develop a scientific and methodological approach and new agro-meliorative methods for restoring the fertility of degraded reclaimed lands, reclaiming contaminated soils and disturbed pasture areas in the European part of Russia”. The studies included a series of long-term greenhouse and field experiments performed on the reclaimed lands of JSC “Moskovskoye” and the stationary site of the Meshchersky branch of the A.N. Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, which resulted in new ways of restoring the fertility of degraded reclaimed agricultural land and low-productivity lands involved in agricultural circulation using multifunctional amendments for the conditions of the southern part of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. At the end of the experimental studies, the authors developed a database, and then an information and reference Web-system that allows entering, storing, finding and analyzing information on ways to increase the soil fertility of degraded reclaimed agricultural land and low-productivity lands involved in agricultural circulation using biocompost based on the processing of organic waste. This software allows making scientifically based and timely decisions to restore fertility and increase soil productivity.

Beside or by turn? The Buh-Dnister foragers and the Linear Band Pottery farmers on the Southern Buh River (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Haskevych
Keyword(s):  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The North ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Extensive Exchange ◽  
Linear Band ◽  
Early Farmers ◽  
Exchange Network

For a long time, finds of the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) on the Southern Buh numbered only two bowls from the Buh-Dnister culture site of Bazkiv Ostriv. After the recent discovery of a few more vessels and four stationary LBK settlements, some scholars have assumed the Neolithic incomers regularly inhabited the most of the region. However new direct AMS dates on the Buh-Dnister pottery have shown the existence of the indigenous hunter-gatherers here from 5300 to 5000 BC. Therefore, today, the cluster of four sites is the only verified area that was settled by the early farmers near the town of Zavallia. The occurrence of the settlements at very this place is explained by the fertile local soil and the desire of the inhabitants to control the huge deposit of graphite, which was a centre of an extensive exchange network for the North-Pontic indigenous groups. This could have given the local LBK community significant social prestige through the active production and exchange of valuable goods.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of drainage systems within the Desantne Village Council in Kiliya district of Odessa region

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
O. O. Miedviedieva
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Irrigated Lands

Relevance of research. Irrigated agriculture in the steppe regions of the southern Ukraine was naturally accompanied by negative phenomena. Among the most significant of them is  flooding on agricultural land as a result water imbalance of the active water exchange zone when using irrigation. A significant part of this water as filtration losses from the irrigation network and directly when watering land goes to the aeration zone and reaches the surface of groundwater, increasing its supply. As a result, the groundwater level increases, the amplitude of which increases depending on the depth of groundwater, the intensity of irrigation, the distance from the irrigation network, the method of irrigation and other factors. In recent years, the number of actually irrigated areas located on irrigated lands is significantly reduced and at the same time the area of "dry" drainage is increasing. Therefore, one of the most pressing problems for today is the analysis of the condition of drainage and discharge network throughout Ukraine. Thus, the purpose of the research is to study the drainage and discharge network of the south-west of Odesa region to determine the current condition and prospects for its further use. The objectives of the research include monitoring of groundwater levels for the period of 1991 - 2019, determining the condition of the drainage and discharge network within the Desantne village council in Kiliya district of Odessa region. Theoretical methods of scientific research were used: monitoring, observation, analysis, survey, evaluation, comparison, generalization. The results of the study of closed drainage systems in the Desantne village council in Kiliya district of Odessa region showed that their effectiveness is insufficient. Recently, due to the cessation of irrigation at the research and production sites, groundwater level has fallen below the drains, the drainage has stopped operating and has been in a dry condition for a long time. The groundwater level in the drainage areas was at the depths of mainly 3.5-4.3 m. 24% of the inspection wells were destroyed, and 38.6% of them had no reinforced concrete cover rings. For a long time the closed horizontal drainage has been in unsatisfactory technical condition. Main conclusions: Drainage on irrigated lands should optimize the water-salt regime of soils, while moisture and salt reserves during the growing season in the root zone should be strictly dosed and ensure high crop yields as well as suitable hydrogeological and reclamation conditions on irrigated lands and adjacent areas. Introduction of large-scale parcellation of land and the land of reclamation funds as well as paid water use should not lead to the deterioration of the technical condition of the collector-drainage network. Drainage systems, as a means of groundwater level reducing, are especially relevant in land reclamation and flood protection of rural settlements. In the southern regions of Ukraine this problem was dealt with by Bayer R., Zelenin I., Lyutaev B., Miedviediev O., Miedviedieva O., Romashchenko M., Savchuk D. and others. Most systems were built on irrigation arrays in the Soviet times, ie 30-50 or more years ago. Redistribution and parcellation of agricultural land have led to the decline of the systems and the deterioration of their efficiency. Such works allow to analyze the operation of each drainage systems and make reasonable conclusions about their further use in terms of economic and environmental feasibility.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biochemical Analysis of Azo-metal complex of Embelin with Second Group Transition Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amin Mir ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Aim: The objective of the work is to synthesize, characterize and biochemically analyze Azo-metal complex of Embelin with Second Group Transition Metals. Background: The genus Embelia is a well-known herb and has considerable importance in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry. The plant species has been used considerably as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda, old Chinese medicine, and Siddha for a long time. The dried berries of this plant, called “vidanga” have boundless biochemical properties, like anthelmintic, carminative, antibacterial, antibiotic, and hypoglycemic. Objective: Embelin, metal-embelin (EM) and azo-metal-embelin (EAM) complexes were synthesized, analysed for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Method: The metal-embelin (EM) complexes and metal-azo-embelin (EAM) complexes were synthesized by pure mixing of embelin, azo-embelin and metals viz, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd. The embelin and EAN complexes were analysed by various spectroscopic techniques, viz, UV-visible, FTIR, NMR, TGA, MS and CHNS analysis. Results: The results authenticate the reaction between metals, and bidentate embelin occurs via quinonic and enolic oxygen atoms as [M (Emb) 2 (H2O)] 2H2O and [M (Emb-Azo)2 (H2O)2]. The antioxidant results show that the complexation between metals and compounds decreases the antioxidant potential significantly. In contrast, the antimicrobial activity shows that cobalt and nickel embelin complexes showed more than 74% growth inhibition against the concerned microbes in comparison to embelin alone. Conclusion: As the results are taken into consideration, the scavenging property of embelin shows the reduction in power upon complexation with metals and azo-metals. Also, embelin and its associates as metal-embelin and metal-azo-embelin can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents significantly.

scholarly journals Soil biochemical properties in brown and gray mine soils with and without hydroseeding

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. Sexstone ◽  
J. Skousen
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Mine Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Surface Coal Mining

Abstract. Surface coal mining in the eastern USA disturbs hundreds of hectares of land every year and removes valuable and ecologically diverse eastern deciduous forests. Reclamation involves restoring the landscape to approximate original contour, replacing the topsoil, and revegetating the site with trees and herbaceous species to a designated post-mining land use. Re-establishing an ecosystem of ecological and economic value as well as restoring soil quality on disturbed sites are the goals of land reclamation, and microbial properties of mine soils can be indicators of restoration success. Reforestation plots were constructed in 2007 using weathered brown sandstone or unweathered gray sandstone as topsoil substitutes to evaluate tree growth and soil properties at Arch Coal's Birch River mine in West Virginia, USA. All plots were planted with 12 hardwood tree species and subplots were hydroseeded with a herbaceous seed mix and fertilizer. After 6 years, the average tree volume index was nearly 10 times greater for trees grown in brown (3853 cm3) compared to gray mine soils (407 cm3). Average pH of brown mine soils increased from 4.7 to 5.0, while gray mine soils declined from 7.9 to 7.0. Hydroseeding doubled tree volume index and ground cover on both mine soils. Hydroseeding doubled microbial biomass carbon (MBC) on brown mine soils (8.7 vs. 17.5 mg kg−1), but showed no effect on gray mine soils (13.3 vs. 12.8 mg kg−1). Hydroseeding also increased the ratio of MBC to soil organic C in both soils and more than tripled the ratio for potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) to total N. Brown mine soils were a better growth medium than gray mine soils and hydroseeding was an important component of reclamation due to improved biochemical properties and microbial activity in mine soils.

scholarly journals ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS IN RYBACHYE SETTLEMENT (SOUTH-EASTERN CRIMEA)

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
I. L. Potapenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The results of studying the ornamental trees and shrubs in green areas of Rybachye settlement (South-Eastern Crimea) are presented. A taxonomic, biomorphological, botanical and geographical analysis of dendroflora was carried out, the frequency of species occurrence was given, and the state of plants was evaluated. Dendroflora includes 89 species belonging to 68 genera of 41 families. The best represented families are: Rosaceae (16 species), Cupressaceae and Pinaceae – 8 species each, Caprifoliaceae and Oleaceae – 5 species each. The other families include 1–3 species. The following trees and shrubs are widespread in Rybachye: Cupressus sempervirens, Hibiscus syriacus, Jasminum nudiflorum, Mahonia aquifolium, Prunus laurocerasus, Pyracantha coccinea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Viburnum tinus. Most of the species (29.2 %) come from the Mediterranean floristic region. Significant number of species (38.2 %) of natural flora of the peninsular used in cultural phytocenoses indicates that the Crimean flora has a large potential of ornamental woody plants for landscaping, taking into account their good adaptation to local soil and climatic conditions. Deciduous trees prevail in species diversity (25.8 %) in green areas of Rybachy. Deciduous shrubs (20.2%), coniferous trees (19.1%), evergreen deciduous shrubs (18.0%) grow there in practically equal percentages. They play an important ecological and aesthetic role in creating favorable comfortable environment for the settlement. The state of almost all examined trees and shrubs is good: they are quite tolerant to summer drought and periodically repeated low winter temperatures. Most of them are located on the territories of recreational complexes and, therefore, get the necessary care. The microclimate of the region makes it possible to grow some heat-loving crops here for decorative purposes (not on an industrial scale). The existing assortment of trees and shrubs can be used as a basic one.

scholarly journals Soil biochemical properties after six years in amended brown and gray mine soils in West Virginia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-699
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. Sexstone ◽  
J. Skousen
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Mine Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Abstract. Surface coal mining in the eastern USA disturbs hundreds of hectares of land every year and removes valuable and ecologically diverse eastern deciduous forests. Reclamation involves restoring the landscape to approximate original contour, replacing the topsoil, and revegetating the site with trees and herbaceous species to a designated post-mining land use. Re-establishing an ecosystem of ecological and economic value as well as restoring soil quality on disturbed sites are the goals of land reclamation, and microbial properties of mine soils can be indicators of restoration success. Reforestation plots were constructed in 2007 using weathered brown sandstone or unweathered gray sandstone as topsoil substitutes to evaluate tree growth and soil properties at Arch Coal's Birch River Mine in West Virginia, USA. All plots were planted with 12 hardwood tree species and subplots were hydroseeded with an herbaceous seed mix and fertilizer. After six years, average tree volume index was nearly ten times greater for trees grown in brown (3853 cm3) compared to gray mine soils (407 cm3). Average pH of brown mine soils increased from 4.7 to 5.0, while gray mine soils declined from 7.9 to 7.0. Hydroseeding doubled tree volume index and ground cover on both mine soils. Hydroseeding doubled microbial biomass carbon (MBC) on brown mine soils (8.7 vs. 17.5 mg kg−1), but showed no effect on gray (13.3 vs. 12.8 mg kg−1). Hydroseeding also increased the ratio of MBC to soil organic C in both soils and more than tripled the ratio for potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) to total N. Brown mine soils were a better growth medium than gray mine soils and hydroseeding was an important component of reclamation due to improved biochemical properties and microbial activity in mine soils.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL SOIL TYPES TO SOIL FERTILITY STUDIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Rennie ◽  
J. S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Soil Pattern

Soil productivity data included in this study were obtained from field experiments laid down in areas of soil, characteristic of individual member profiles of catenary groups of the Weyburn and Oxbow Associations, and of a mapping complex comprising members of the Sceptre, Kindersley, and Flaxcombe Associations.The criteria used to assess soil productivity included the yield of gram with and without phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization, uptake of fertilizer phosphorus, 'A' values (from field and greenhouse experiments) and extractable phosphorus (NaHCO3 and H2CO3).The data illustrate the variability in yield and response to phosphorus fertilization that can be expected within relatively short distances in any one field in which complexity of soil pattern occurs. These differences in productivity were closely associated with pedogenic differences used to classify the soils.It was concluded that considerable care must be taken in the interpretation and application of fertility data obtained from small plot experiments as the data are applicable to only one particular soil type, in most instances the soil member on which the test was established; such data cannot be used to represent mapping units which include even closely associated soil types.

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