Before School Exercise Effects on Fitness and Academic Performance in Schoolchildren: A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Austin J. Kulp ◽  
Xihe Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before School

Background/Purpose: Before school exercise programs (BSEPs) give students time for breakfast and add time to their daily physical activity. However, the effects of BSEP on physical fitness and academic achievement in the classroom remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of BSEP on cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance among fourth- and fifth-grade students. Method: A retrospective case-controlled design was used in this study. Fourth and fifth graders (N = 84) were participants, half signed up for BSEP that met once a week for 10 weeks. A retrospectively case-controlled comparison group was generated from the classmates of those in BSEP in the same school. All students took PACER and statewide academic performance assessments. Multivariate analysis of covariance for student cardiorespiratory fitness, and mathematics and reading, were conducted, adjusting for pretest performances. Analysis/Results: There were improvements for both groups in academic performances and cardiorespiratory fitness. The cardiorespiratory fitness and reading test improvements were greater in the BSEP group than those in the comparison group, controlling for their pretests. However, there was no significant difference in student mathematics test performances. Conclusion: Students in BSEP group benefited from participating in the program with greater improvement in cardiorespiratory and reading test performances than the comparison group. These findings suggested that providing a BSEP once a week for 45 min may be beneficial to fourth and fifth graders.

scholarly journals Correlation between Rotator Cuff Tears and Repeated Subacromial Steroid Injections: A Case-Controlled Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bhatia ◽  
B Singh ◽  
N Nicolaou ◽  
KJ Ravikumar
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Subacromial Impingement ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

INTRODUCTION Concern exists regarding potential damage to the rotator cuff from repeated corticosteroid injections into the subacromial space. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective, case-controlled study, 230 consecutive patients presenting to three orthopaedic units with subacromial impingement and investigated as an end-point with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder were divided into groups having received less than three or three or more subacromial injections of corticosteroids. RESULTS With no significant difference in age and sex distribution, analysis by MRI showed no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of rotator cuff tear (P < 1.0). CONCLUSIONS This suggests that corticosteroid use in patients with subacromial impingement should not be considered a causative factor in rotator cuff tears.

scholarly journals Patterns of alcohol consumption after liver transplantation

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Tang ◽  
R Boulton ◽  
B Gunson ◽  
S Hubscher ◽  
J Neuberger
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Queen Elizabeth Hospital ◽  
Fatty Change ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

Background—Uncertainty exists about the extent and consequences of a return to alcohol consumption after liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease (ALD).Aims—To determine the prevalence and consequences of alcohol consumption in patients transplanted for ALD.Methods—A retrospective case controlled study of all patients transplanted for ALD at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, between 1987 and 1996.Results—Seventy patients with ALD were transplanted, of which 59 survived more than three months; 56 were interviewed. Twenty eight had consumed some alcohol after transplantation; for the nine “heavy drinkers” (HD), the median time to resumption of alcohol intake was six months and for the 19 “moderate drinkers” (MD) it was eight months. There was no significant difference in episodes of acute rejection or compliance with medication between those who were abstinent, MD, or HD. Histological evidence of liver injury was common in ALD patients who had returned to drink. Mild fatty change was found in 1/11 biopsy specimens from abstinent patients but moderate to severe fatty change and ballooned hepatocytes were seen in 3/5 MD and 2/5 HD specimens. Two HD patients had early fibrosis. One HD patient has died of alcohol related complications.Conclusions—Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption occurs in patients transplanted for ALD. Patient recall of abstinence advice is unreliable, and patients return to alcohol mainly within the first year after liver transplantation. Return to alcohol consumption after liver transplantation is associated with rapid development of histological liver injury including fibrosis.

Early Management of Cervical Impairments and the Incidence of Delayed Recovery in Adolescents With Acute Concussion

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S12.1-S12
Author(s):  
Jacob I. McPherson ◽  
Patrick Sparks ◽  
Mohammad Nadir Haider ◽  
Barry Stewart Willer ◽  
John J. Leddy
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectiveTo determine if concussed adolescents with positive cervical findings on examination provided with early cervical treatment demonstrate recovery time and incidence of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS, recovery = 30 days) comparable to those without cervical findings.BackgroundCervical impairments resulting from concussive injury are historically associated with longer recovery times. Concomitant cervical injuries may result in symptoms that overlap with concussion, including headache, dizziness, tinnitus, sleep disturbances, and blurred vision. Current recommendations include assessment of the cervical spine; however, there is limited evidence for the effect of immediate cervical intervention on recovery.Design/MethodsRetrospective case-controlled study. Patients included adolescents with acute concussion presenting with (n = 132, 14.99 ± 1.9 years, 58% male, 5.70 ± 3.3 days since injury) and without (n = 138, 14.85 ± 1.8 years, 65% male, 6.13 ± 3.4 days since injury) cervical findings on physical exam. Patients were assessed with the Buffalo Concussion Physical Examination (BCPE), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) instruments. Groups were separated based on positive or negative cervical findings on the BCPE. Cervical impairments were addressed by physicians specializing in concussion management using a clinical algorithm. Mild impairments were managed conservatively (over-the-counter analgesics, warm/cold compresses, and/or neck stretching exercises). Patients with moderate or greater impairments were assessed by a physical therapist at the initial clinic encounter and given specific cervical interventions.ResultsPhysician-observed cervical findings had moderate agreement with self-reported function on the NDI (? = 0.414, p < 0.001). Patients with cervical findings reported greater symptom severity on the PCSS (37.9 ± 22.1 vs 30.8 ± 20.2, p = 0.011); however, there was no significant difference in recovery time (34.44 ± 33.2 vs 34.81 ± 39.0 days, p = 0.933) or incidence of persistent symptoms (39% vs 35%, p = 0.511).ConclusionsIn this group of adolescents, cervical impairment managed early after concussion was not associated with prolonged recovery. Early management of cervical impairments may reduce the development of PPCS. Prospective evaluation is warranted.

scholarly journals The Impact of Drama Instruction on EFL Omani Fifth Graders’ Read-ing Comprehension

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Ruqaya Al Rabeei ◽  
Salma Al-Humaidi ◽  
Saleh Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Teacher's Perceptions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Drama instruction is one of the methods recommended in EFL literature. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drama instruction on EFL fifth graders’ reading comprehension. It also explored the students’ and the teacher’s perceptions of the use of drama in reading lessons. A total of 74 randomly selected students participated in the study and formed the control group and the experimental group. The study followed the mixed quasi-experimental design. A pre- and posttest reading test was administered to examine the impact of drama on reading comprehension. A questionnaire was implemented to explore students’ perceptions of drama. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to probe students’ and teacher’s perceptions of drama. The results were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. They showed no significant difference in reading comprehension between the control group and the experimental group. However, the experimental group performed better in the posttest than the control group although their mean scores in the pretest were lower. The participant teacher and students responded positively towards the use of drama in reading lessons. They reported that drama activities were exciting and made them love reading.

scholarly journals NT-pro BNP in AECOPD-PH: Old Biomarker, New Insights-Based on a Large Retrospective Case-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengming Tian ◽  
Wen Song ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Qiang Zeng ◽  
Zhenyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the common complications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study aimed to evaluate the predicting ability of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) in patients with AECOPD-PH and its relationship with the severity of PH. A large retrospective case-controlled study (n=1072) was performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020, and patients were divided into stable COPD (n=178), AECOPD (n=688) and AECOPD-PH group (n=206). In unadjusted analysis and PSM (model 1, 2, 3), red cell distribution width (RDW), total bilirubin (TBIL), and NT-pro BNP were higher in patients with AECOPD-PH than those in AECOPD group. Logistic regression analysis showed that RDW had no statistic difference. When the range of NT-proBNP was 271-1165 pg/mL (OR: 0.293; 95%CI: 0.184-0.467; P<0.001) and NT-proBNP > 1165pg/mL (OR: 0.559; 95%CI: 0.338-0.926; P=0.024), the morbidity risk of PH in AECOPD patients was increased, so did TBIL. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, at the cut-off value of NT-proBNP was 175.14 pg/mL, AUC was 0.651 (P<0.001), which was better than TBIL (AUC: 0.590, P<0.001). As for the results of rank correlation analysis, TBIL had no significant difference, and NT-proBNP had a weak correlation with severity of PH with AECOPD (r=0.299, P=0.001).Our findings suggest that NT-proBNP has a diagnostic efficacy in AECOPD-PH and NT-proBNP has a weak correlation with severity of PH with AECOPD.

Serum Adiponectin Levels and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Nonoverweight and Overweight Portuguese Adolescents: The LabMed Physical Activity Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Carla Moreira ◽  
Sandra Abreu ◽  
Luís Lopes ◽  
José Oliveira-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

Purpose:This study examined the independent associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and circulating adiponectin concentration in adolescents, controlling for several potential covariates.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study in Portuguese adolescents. A sample of 529 (267 girls) aged 12–18 years were included and categorized as overweight and nonoverweight. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by 20 meters shuttle run test. We measured serum adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, insulin and HDL-cholesterol.Results:After adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, socioeconomic status, body fat percentage, insulin resistance, HDL-cholesterol and C-reactive protein, regression analysis showed a significant inverse association between adiponectin and cardiorespiratory fitness in nonoverweight participants (B=-0.359; p < .042). Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between the highest cardiorespiratory fitness Healthy zone (above healthy zone) and the Under and the Healthy cardiorespiratory fitness zones in nonoverweight adolescents (p = .03) (F (2, 339) = 3.156, p < .001).Conclusion:Paradoxically, serum adiponectin levels are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in nonoverweight, but not in overweight adolescents. In nonoverweight adolescents, those with highest levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (above healthy zone) presented lower levels of adiponectin compared with those in Under and Healthy cardiorespiratory fitness zones.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MOBILE INSTRUCTIONAL APP ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Nura Bawa ◽  
◽  
Asiyatu Bagudo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

Mobile instructional app (MIA) is a set of instructions put together as a program usually installed on mobile devices to facilitate learning and improve academic performance. MIA helps to motivate students for the enhancement of positive academic performance, thus, it could be utilized in an individualized or in a blended learning environment to supplement traditional teaching-learning process. This study investigated the effects of mobile instructional app on undergraduate students’ academic performance in economics in Sokoto State. The study adopted quasi experimental with a pre-test and post-test, non-equivalent comparison involving 2x2 factorial design.All undergraduate students in Sokoto State formed population of the study. A total of 61 undergraduates formed the sample for the study, 34 for experimental group one (23 males and 11 females) from Sokoto State University (SSU) and 27 for experimental group one (22 males and 5 females) from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS). Pilot study was carried out at Federal University Birnin Kebbi using twenty 100 level undergraduates. Economic Principles Test Instrument (EPTI) was used for data collection. Reliability coefficient of 0.78 using Kuder Richardson 20 (K-R, 20) was obtained. Research hypothesis one was tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), while hypothesis two was tested using t-test statistics. The study found among other that the app was academically effective. There was significant difference in the achievement of the undergraduate students exposed to mobile instructional app and those taught using blended approach (F (1, 58) = 13.649, p<0.05) in favour of experimental group 2. There was no significant difference in the academic performance of the undergraduate students taught in a blended learning environment based on gender. The study concluded that the mobile instructional app (MIA) enhanced the academic performance of undergraduates from the two universities (UDUS and SSU) irrespective of gender. It was established by the study that the undergraduates taught in a blended learning environment out-performed those exposed to MIA alone. The study therefore recommended that lecturers should endeavour to develop and utilize mobile instructional apps that are in line with new NUC benchmark to supplement teaching process.

scholarly journals The Effects of Video Clips Enrichment to the Academic Performance of Grade 8 Learners in Earth and Space Science

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Arsad S. Pumbaya ◽  
Asliah B. Pumbaya
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Grade 8

This study investigated the effects of video clips enrichment on the academic performance of Grade 8 learners in Earth and Space Science. This was conducted in MSU-ILS, MSU Campus, Marawi City, during the school year 2018-2019. The study employed the quasi-experimental non-equivalence pretest-posttest research design to test the effects of the video clips enrichment on the academic performance of Grade Eight learners. The academic performance of the two groups was assessed using the research-made 30-item multiple-choice test which has a reliability coefficient of 0.74, indicating that it was reliable and dependable to assess the academic performance of the learners. The data were treated with mean, standard deviation, and ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) at 0.05 level of significance. Moreover, the experiences of the learners in learning Earth and Space Science with video clips enrichment using their entries from the journal notebook and scheduled interview was administered after the conduct of the lesson and the post test. Results revealed that the learners taught with video clips enrichment in Earth and Space Science had a “very satisfactory” academic performance. This means that the learners at this level have developed the basic knowledge, skills and main understandings and can transfer them separately through genuine performance tasks. There is also a significant difference between the mean gain scores of the academic performance of Grade 8 learners taught with video clips enrichment and taught with K to 12 learning modules after the intervention, hence, the experimental group achieved significant growth in conceptual understanding which could be attributed to the use of video clips. The experimental group have gained positive experiences as it made them excited, attentive, and participative in class which could have resulted to their better academic performance in the subject. Therefore, the use of video clips in science lessons could enhance the academic performance of the learners.

scholarly journals THE SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY OF FIFTH GRADERS IN A STEM PROJECT-BASED COOPERATIVE LEARNING APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-643
Author(s):  
Nyet Moi Siew ◽  
Norjanah Ambo
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

This research aimed to examine the effects of an integrated STEM project-based with cooperative learning (STEM-PjBCL) approach on fifth graders’ five sub-scales of trait dimension in scientific creativity. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test non-equivalent control group design was employed. A total of 360 fifth graders from four randomly selected primary schools were chosen as sample and assigned to STEM-PjBCL (n=120), PjBL (n=120), and Conventional (CV) (n=120) instructional methods. The Figural Scientific Creativity Test was used as the pre-test and post-test. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was performed on the post-test scores with pre-test scores as the covariates to examine whether a significant difference existed across the three methods. The results showed that fifth graders taught with the STEM-PjBCL method significantly outperformed their counterparts in the PjBL and CV method in Fluency, Originality, Elaboration, Abstractness of title, and Resistance to premature closure. However, fifth graders taught in the PjBL method did not significantly outperform their counterparts in the CV method in the five sub-scales of scientific creativity. Large effect sizes were obtained for comparing STEM-PjBCL with the PjBL and CV method. The results suggest that the STEM-PjBCL method produces a significant beneficial effect on promoting the five sub-scales of trait dimension of scientific creativity among fifth graders. Keywords: cooperative learning, project-based learning, scientific creativity, STEM, trait dimension.

scholarly journals Spinal Anesthesia is Safe and Cost-effective for Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Jafrul Hannan ◽  
Mosammat Kohinoor Parveenl ◽  
Alak Nandy ◽  
Md Samiul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference

STRUCTURED ABSTRACTBackgroundOwing to the widespread use of general anesthesia, administration of spinal anesthesia in pediatrics is not widely practiced. Yet there is ample positive evidence demonstrating its safety, effectiveness and success.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to demonstrate that laparoscopic appendectomies are successful under spinal anesthesia and elicit clear advantages over general anesthesia.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 77 pediatric (5-8 year old) laparoscopic appendectomies that took place in a Hospital in Chittagong, Bangladesh in 2019. Approximately half of the patients underwent spinal anesthesia while the other half underwent general anesthesia. Variables such as surgery and operation theatre times, pain score, incidence of post-surgery vomiting, analgesic usage, discharge times and hospital costs were recorded. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data as a function of form of anesthesia.ResultsThe probability of vomiting when using spinal compared to general anesthesia was much lower within the first 5 hours (P < .001) and after 6 hours (P = .008) of operation. Highly significant difference (P < .001) was observed in the total costs of the procedures. A significantly higher likelihood of patients being discharged the same day of the procedure was noted if spinal anesthesia was used (P = .008).ConclusionsSpinal anesthesia is superior to general anesthesia for pediatric laparoscopic appendectomies. Patient comfort is improved through a significant decrease in vomiting. This enables more rapid hospital discharges and a significant cost saving, without compromising the outcome of the procedure.MINI-ABSTRACTSpinal anesthesia is seldom used for laparoscopy in children. This retrospective case-controlled study compared spinal anesthesia with general anesthesia in children between 5 and 8 years of age. Spinal anesthesia proved to be safer and cost-effective for laparoscopy in children.

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