Apocrine lesions of the breast: part 2 of a two-part review. Invasive apocrine carcinoma, the molecular apocrine signature and utility of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of apocrine lesions of the breast

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare D'Arcy ◽  
Cecily M Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Apocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Breast Tumours ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Molecular Apocrine ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Definition Of

Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast is rare and has been defined by using a combination of morphologic (apocrine morphology in >90% of tumour cells) and immunohistochemical criteria (oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative and androgen receptor (AR) positive). Recent advances in the molecular classification of breast tumours have uncovered a subset of breast tumours associated with high expression of androgen receptor mRNA including the so-called ‘luminal androgen receptor (LAR) tumours’ and ‘molecular apocrine tumours’ (MATs). Recognition of these tumour subsets has opened potential avenues for therapies exploiting the AR pathway in triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC). In this second part of our two-part review, we focus on the definition of pure apocrine carcinoma, recent advances in understanding the molecular apocrine signature in breast carcinoma, its relationship to pure apocrine carcinoma defined at the level of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the therapeutic implications of androgen expression in TNBC. We complete the article with a summary of the utility of IHC in stratifying apocrine lesions of the breast.

scholarly journals Apocrine Carcinoma of Breast: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna V. Wader ◽  
Akash Jain ◽  
Suresh J. Bhosale ◽  
Pandurang G. Chougale ◽  
Sujata S. Kumbhar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Invasive Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Apocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Breast Malignancy ◽  
Apocrine Metaplasia

Apocrine carcinoma is a very rare form of breast malignancy with an incidence of <1% of female invasive breast carcinoma. We report a case of apocrine carcinoma in a 42-year female with marked adenosis showing apocrine metaplasia and discuss the criteria to diagnose apocrine carcinoma with the emerging concept of androgen receptor positivity with its implication on treatment and management of the patient.

scholarly journals IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CARCINOMA AT ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY, RAWALPINDI

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Amna Ameer ◽  
Farhan Akhtar ◽  
Hafeez Ud Din ◽  
Rabia Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Androgen Receptor Expression ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma

Objective: To determine the frequency of immunohistochemical expression of androgen receptor in triplenegative breast carcinoma. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Duration and Place of Study: This study included 30 cases confirmed as triple negative breast carcinoma atArmed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2018. Methodology: Anti-androgen receptor antibody was applied and assessed. Positive expression was defined asgreater and equal to 10% nuclear immunostaining. SPSS-24 was used for analyzing data. Results: Out of 30 cases of triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), all patients were female. Patients’ agesranged between 21-72 years with a mean age of 46.35 years and a standard deviation of ± 13.4. Androgen receptor expression was positive in 8 cases (27%) of all triple negative breast carcinomas. Out of these androgen receptor (AR) triple negative breast carcinomas; all 8 cases were of histological subtype invasive ductal (mammary) carcinoma, non special type, 7 cases (23%) were of histological grade 3 and 1 was of histological grade 2. Conclusion: Androgen receptor expression is observed in 8 cases (27%) of triple negative breast carcinoma cases. Such patients can be selected as candidates for anti- androgen receptor targeted therapy.

Higher CD1a Levels Correlate with PD-L1 Expression and Predict Worse Overall Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Breast Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Yuntao Wei ◽  
Xiaoxi Li ◽  
Zhan Shen ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Carcinoma Tissue ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Immature Dendritic Cells ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma ◽  
High Median

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the expression of PD-L1, CD1a (a marker for immature dendritic cells), and CD83 (a marker for mature dendritic cells) and further examine the associations of PD-L1, CD83, and CD1a with overall survival (OS) in triple-negative breast carcinoma patients. Methods: PD-L1, CD1a, and CD83 expression in breast carcinoma tissues and CD83 expression in lymph node tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray in 159 patients. Patients were classified into the low, medium, and high PD-L1, CD1a, and CD83 levels. Pearson χ2 test was used to analyze the correlations between PD-L1, CD1a, and CD83. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the OS. Multivariate analysis was used to identify determinants of 3- and 5-year OS. Results: 25.1, 25.8, and 49.1% of the patients had low, medium, and high PD-L1 levels, respectively. PD-L1 levels significantly correlated with CD1a (r = 0.30409, p < 0.001) and CD83 levels (r = 0.6146, p < 0.001) in breast carcinoma tissue, as well as CD83 levels (r = 0.17508, p = 0.027) in lymph node. The median OS was 83 months (range 12–106), and the 3- and 5-year OS rates were 94.97% (95% CI 91.57–98.37) and 86.79% (95% CI 81.53–92.06), respectively. Moreover, patients with high median CD1a levels had a significantly lower 5-year OS rate (75.6%) than those with low median CD1a levels (93.5%, p = 0.038). Conclusion: PD-L1, CD1a, and CD83 are variably expressed in triple-negative breast carcinoma tissues, and PD-L1 expression correlates with CD1a and CD83. Higher CD1a levels correlate with PD-L1 expression and predict worse OS in triple-negative breast carcinoma.

scholarly journals Next-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592097813
Author(s):  
Pernelle Lavaud ◽  
Clément Dumont ◽  
Constance Thibault ◽  
Laurence Albiges ◽  
Giulia Baciarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Recent Advances

Until recently, continuing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and closely monitoring patients until evolution towards metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were recommended in men with non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC). Because delaying the development of metastases and symptoms in these patients is a major issue, several trials have investigated next-generation androgen receptor (AR) axis inhibitors such as apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide in this setting. This review summarizes the recent advances in the management of nmCRPC, highlighting the favourable impact of next-generation AR inhibitors on metastases-free survival, overall survival and other clinically meaningful endpoints.

scholarly journals Macrophages/Microglia in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5775
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Clark C. Chen ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophage ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Definition Of

The complex interaction between glioblastoma and its microenvironment has been recognized for decades. Among various immune profiles, the major population is tumor-associated macrophage, with microglia as its localized homolog. The present definition of such myeloid cells is based on a series of cell markers. These good sentinel cells experience significant changes, facilitating glioblastoma development and protecting it from therapeutic treatments. Huge, complicated mechanisms are involved during the overall processes. A lot of effort has been dedicated to crack the mysterious codes in macrophage/microglia recruiting, activating, reprogramming, and functioning. We have made our path. With more and more key factors identified, a lot of new therapeutic methods could be explored to break the ominous loop, to enhance tumor sensitivity to treatments, and to improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. However, it might be a synergistic system rather than a series of clear, stepwise events. There are still significant challenges before the light of truth can shine onto the field. Here, we summarize recent advances in this field, reviewing the path we have been on and where we are now.

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