scholarly journals Friction Characteristics of Machined Metal with Different Surface Morphologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hsin-Min Lee ◽  
A-Cheng Wang ◽  
Yan-Cherng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Abrasive Jet Machining ◽  
Surface Morphologies

This study examined the friction characteristics of SAE1045 medium carbon steel processed by milling machining (MM) and abrasive jet machining (AJM). Friction experiments were conducted with variations in load and friction distance. Experimental results show that micro craters produced by AJM help retain lubricant on workpiece surface and thus decrease friction coefficient. Consequently, for the same friction distance, the amount of wear on AJM test specimens is less than that of MM ones. Moreover, increase in load and surface roughness will also result in great wear on the test specimens.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

Machinability of an Experimental Graphitised Carbon Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqil Inam ◽  
David Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
High Temperature Anneal ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Alternative Routes

The machinability of an experimental medium-carbon steel with a composition designed to promote rapid graphitisation during a high temperature anneal has been studied. The goal has been to explore alternative routes to a competitive free-cutting composition enabling less expensive steelmaking, manufacturing and recycling. Three starting microstructures prior to annealing have been considered; martensite, bainite and ferrite/pearlite. The microstructures and graphite dispersions formed have been characterised by optical and electron microscopy and the performance of the steel during machining compared with commercial free-cutting steel grades. A bench-top drill rig and metallographic techniques were used to evaluate relative machinability parameters, including surface roughness, tool wear and chip morphology. Thus it proved possible to rank the experimental steel graphitised from the three starting microstructural conditions and also against the commercial free-cutting steels.

The Factors Influenced to Surface Finish in Milling for Hardened Medium Carbon Steel: JIS S50C

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 7133-7137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komson Jirapattarasilp ◽  
Sittichai Kaewkuekool ◽  
Worapong Phongphatrawut
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
High Cutting Speed ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design

The aim of this research was to study factors, which was influenced on surface roughness in vertical milling of hardened medium carbon steel. The specimen was medium carbon steel grade JIS S50C that was hardened at 56± 2 HRC. Full factorial experimental design was conducted by 3 factors and 3 levels (33 design) with 2 replications. Studied factors were consisted of cutting speed, feed rate, and air coolant pressure. The results revealed that influenced factor affected to surface roughness was cutting speed and feed rate which showed significantly different. Higher cutting speed would cause on better surface quality. On the other hand, poorer surface quality was produced by higher feed rate. However, factors interaction were found between cutting speed with air coolant pressure and feed rate with air coolant pressure that significantly influenced to surface roughness. The interaction of high cutting speed with high air coolant pressure would be better quality of surface finish and lower feed rate with high air coolant pressure would be better surface quality.

Optimization of Surface Roughness in End Milling of Medium Carbon Steel under the Influence of Magnets Attached to the Machine Spindle

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
A.K.M. Nurul Amin ◽  
Syidatul Akma ◽  
Maizatul Akma ◽  
M.D. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Medium Carbon

One of the major technological parameters in metal cutting is surface roughness. It is an unavoidable, and often, unwanted by-product of all machining operations, especially end milling. Surface roughness is directly related to product quality and performance, operation cost, machining accuracy, and chatter. Today’s stringent customer requirements demand machined parts with minimum (mirror finished) products. Hence, the prediction, modeling, and optimization of surface roughness is a quintessential concern in machining research and industrial endeavor. This research was undertaken in order to determine whether end milling of medium carbon steel performed using chosen ranges of cutting parameter and under magnetic field generated by permanent magnets could effectively improve surface roughness. A small central composite design with five levels and an alpha value of 1.4142, in Response Surface Methodology, was used in developing the relationship between cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut, with surface roughness. Design-Expert 6.0 software was utilized to develop the quadratic empirical mathematical model for surface roughness. The experiments were performed under two different conditions. The first condition was cutting under normal conditions, while the other one was cutting under the application of magnetic fields from two permanent magnets. Medium carbon steel was used as the work material. The resultant average surface roughness was found to be reduced by a maximum of 59% due to magnet application.

scholarly journals Fatigue Life Estimation of Medium-Carbon Steel with Different Surface Roughness

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyou Li ◽  
Weibing Dai ◽  
Fei Duan ◽  
Yimin Zhang ◽  
David He
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
Fatigue Life Estimation

scholarly journals Fatigue Life Estimation of Medium-Carbon Steel with Different Surface Roughness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyou Li ◽  
Weibing Dai ◽  
Fei Duan ◽  
Yimin Zhang ◽  
David He
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Average Surface Roughness ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
Fatigue Life Estimation ◽  
Life Model

Medium-carbon steel is commonly used for the rail, wire ropes, tire cord, cold heading, forging steels, cold finished steel bars, machinable steel and so on. Its fatigue behavior analysis and fatigue life estimation play an important role in the machinery industry. In this paper, the estimation of fatigue life of medium-carbon steel with different surface roughness using established S-N and P-S-N curves is presented. To estimate the fatigue life, the effect of the average surface roughness on the fatigue life of medium-carbon steel has been investigated using 75 fatigue tests in three groups with average surface roughness (Ra): 0.4μm, 0.8μm, and 1.6μm respectively. S-N curves and P-S-N curves have been established based on the fatigue tests. The fatigue life of medium-carbon steel is then estimated based on Tanaka-Mura crack initiation life model, the crack propagation life model using Paris law, and material constants of the S-N curves. 6 more fatigue tests have been conducted to validate the presented fatigue life estimation formulation. The experimental results have shown that the presented model could estimate well the mean fatigue life of medium-carbon steel with different surface roughness

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