scholarly journals Brain Cortical and Hippocampal Dopamine: A New Mechanistic Approach for Eurycoma longifolia Well-Known Aphrodisiac Activity and Its Chemical Characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahira M. Ezzat ◽  
Marwa I. Ezzat ◽  
Mona M. Okba ◽  
Salah M. Hassan ◽  
Amgad I. Alkorashy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Total Body

Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Fam.: Simaroubaceae), known as Tongkat Ali (TA), has been known as a symbol of virility and sexual power for men. Metabolic profiling of the aqueous extract of E. longifolia (AEEL) using UPLC-MS/MS in both positive and negative modes allowed the identification of seventeen metabolites. The identified compounds were classified into four groups: quassinoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, and biphenylneolignans. AEEL is considered safe with oral LD50 cut-off >5000 mg/kg. Oral administration of 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg of AEEL for 10 consecutive days to Sprague-Dawley male rats caused significant reductions in mounting, intromission, and ejaculation latencies and increased penile erection index. AEEL increased total body weight and relative weights of seminal vesicles and prostate. Total and free serum testosterone and brain cortical and hippocampal dopamine content was significantly elevated in treated groups with no significant effects on serotonin or noradrenaline content.

scholarly journals Histoarchitectural Changes in the Liver Following Lactational Lead Intoxication in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ayodeji S. Odukoya ◽  
Israel O. Akinfolarin ◽  
Abimbola O. Odukoya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present experiment was designed to study the histoarchitectural changes in the liver following lactational lead (Pb) intoxication in rats. A total of 12 adult female and 4 male rats were used in the experiment and 32 offspring for the analysis of lactational lead intoxication. The offspring were divided into four groups. Groups B, C and D were administered 10 mg/dL, 30 mg/dL and 70 mg/dL of lead acetate respectively, via drinking water for 21 days through the lactating mothers while group A was control. The livers of the pups were observed using histological methods. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The results from the analysis showed that the total body weight, body length and liver weights were only slightly altered in the Pb intoxicated groups. Using relative liver weights alone revealed some form of hepatomegaly among the experimental groups. The results revealed a dose-dependent increase in blood lead concentration. Histopathological evidences revealed moderate to severe histoarchitectural distortions along Pb concentration gradient. Lactational lead intoxication portends dose dependent histopathological changes in the liver of SD rats.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE MEDIATED OR MODULATED BY PITUITARY FACTORS

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. DE MOOR ◽  
M. ADAM-HEYLEN ◽  
H. VAN BAELEN ◽  
G. VERHOEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY Adult rats of both sexes were either gonadectomized or hypophysectomized and gonadectomized. Three to eight weeks later they were treated for 14 consecutive days with oil or with 75 or 200 μg testosterone propionate (TP) per 100 g body weight. The animals were killed and for each sex the gonadectomized animals were compared with the hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals as far as their NADPH- and NADH-dependent 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3α-HSD) in renal microsomes, transcortin levels in serum and five organ weights relative to total body weight were concerned. For two of the latter, i.e. the relative kidney and prostatic weights, no significant differences were found. Transcortin levels, relative adrenal weights and renal NADPH-dependent 3α-HSD activities were higher in oil-treated gonadectomized animals than in oil-treated hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals. The opposite was found for the relative weights of uterus and seminal vesicles and renal NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities. These differences between gonadectomized and hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals disappeared after TP treatment as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained for the five other parameters. After gonadectomy sexual differences subsisted for all parameters studied. But whereas intact male rats had higher NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities than female rats the opposite was found after gonadectomy. After gonadectomy plus hypophysectomy the between sex differences disappeared as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained in the other parameters studied.

scholarly journals The Production of Testosterone and Gene Expression in Neonatal Testes of Rats Exposed to Diisoheptyl Phthalate During Pregnancy is Inhibited

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ji ◽  
Zina Wen ◽  
Chaobo Ni ◽  
Qiqi Zhu ◽  
Yiyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Phthalate Plasticizer ◽  
Neonatal Testis

Background: Diisoheptyl phthalate (DIHP) is a phthalate plasticizer, which is a branched phthalate. Here, we reported the effects of gestational exposure to DIHP on testis development in male rats.Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were orally fed with vehicle (corn oil, control) or DIHP (10, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD) 12–21. At GD21, serum testosterone levels, the number and distribution of fetal Leydig cells, and testicular mRNA and protein levels, the incidence of multinucleated gonocytes, and focal testicular hypoplasia in the neonatal testis were measured.Results: DIHP increased the fetal Leydig cell cluster size and decreased the fetal Leydig cell size with LOAEL of 10 mg/kg. DIHP did not affect the fetal Leydig cell number. DIHP significantly lowered serum testosterone levels, down-regulated the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes (Lhcgr, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) and testis descent-related gene (Insl3) as well as protein levels of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) and insulin-like 3 (INSL3). DIHP dose-dependently increased the percentage of multinucleated gonocytes with the low observed adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of 100 mg/kg. DIHP induced focal testicular hypoplasia.Conclusion: Gestational exposure to DIHP causes testis dysgenesis in rats.

scholarly journals Increase in Bcl2 expression of penile and prostate cells of Sprague Dawley male rats following treatment with buceng (combination of Pimpinella alpina molk with Eurycoma longifolia Jack)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
Group B ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

Background: Treatment with buceng combination of Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Pimpinella alpine Molk has been proven to increase testosterone level, decrease apoptosis and caspase3 expression. Bcl2 is an antiapoptotic protein found in cytoplasm which inhibits cells apoptosis. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of buceng on Bcl2 expression on penile and prostate tissues of the rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Sprague Dawley rats of 90 days old, weighing ± 300 grams, were randomly assigned into four groups. Group A, normal rats. Group B, castrated rats and treated with buceng 100 mg/day, per oral (Cast-Bcg); Group C, castrated rats and treated with 2 ml of water as placebo against buceng (Cast-Plac). Group D, castrated rats, treated with mesterolone 6.75 mg/day, per oral, as exogenous testosterone (Cast-Mest). All rats were treated for 30 days. Manova test was used to analyze the different expression of Bcl2 among groups with significance level at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Castration was associated with significant decrease of Bcl2 expression in the penile and prostate tissues (53.0 and 50.9%, respectively) compared to normal rats (82.6 and 84.2%, respectively, p < 0.001). Treatment with mesterolone reversed Bcl2 expression (77.1 and 78.1%) to a near normal level. The same level of Bcl2 expression was also observed with buceng treatment (73.8 and 78.2%).Conclusion: The treatment with buceng could enhance Bcl2 expression in penile and prostate tissues, comparable to normal rats and mesterolone treated rats.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON BODY WEIGHT AND ON TIBIAL EPIPHYSIAL CARTILAGE WIDTH IN INTACT, HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN E. C. CARGILL THOMPSON ◽  
G. P. CREAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Epiphysial Cartilage ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY 1. The effects of feeding, hormone administration, unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy on width of tibial cartilage and total body weight in intact and hypophysectomized young male rats were measured. 2. Unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy have no effect on the cartilage width of both intact and hypophysectomized rats, although adrenalectomy causes a loss in weight in the intact rat. 3. Intact rats, both young and adult, fed enough to maintain but not to put on weight, show a reduction of cartilage width to hypophysectomized levels. 4. Growth hormone alone (1 mg. and 3 mg./day for 14 days) causes a marked increase in cartilage width but only a 50–60% increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 5. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH: 2 i.u./day for 14 days) causes a significant reduction in both cartilage width and total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 6. Thyrotrophin (TSH: 1 i.u./day) and Prolactin (1 mg. and 2 mg./day) caused significant increases in both total body weight and cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 7. Luteinizing hormone (LH: 0·01 mg./day) together with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH: 1·0 mg./day) caused a significant increase in body weight, but had no effect on cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 8. Both doses of combined hormones (growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH and LH administered together) caused a marked increase in cartilage width and a smaller increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat.

SERUM 5α-ANDROSTANE-3α,17β-DIOL, ANDROSTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE IMMATURE MALE RAT: INFLUENCE OF TIME OF DAY

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. MOGER ◽  
P. R. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7 (Received 22 April 1977) The concentration of testosterone in the serum of the adult rat varies significantly over a 24 h period (Kinson & Lui, 1973; Howland, 1975; Wilson, McMillan, Seal & Ahmed, 1976). However, studies on circadian variations in serum testosterone concentrations in immature male rats have yielded conflicting results. Grotjan & Johnson (1976) reported significant changes with time in 25–26-day-old Holtzman rats, whereas Döhler & Wuttke (1976) did not observe significant changes in 13–18 or 25–30-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats maintained on the same lighting schedule (14 h light: 10 h darkness). Recently we reported that from 20–35 days of age, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (androstanediol) is the predominant androgen in the circulation of male rats (Moger, 1977). This study was undertaken to determine temporal variations in the concentrations of androstanediol, androsterone and testosterone. Forty-nine male Sprague

scholarly journals Eurycoma longifolia Root Aqueous Extract Augments the Testosterone Level and Spermatogenesis in Adult Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamoud H. Al-Faqeh ◽  
Mohammed Imad AMM
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Healthy Adult Male

Introduction The Eurycoma longifolia (EL) root aqueous extract has long been used as an enhancer of male sexual performance. However, data from previous studies in both human males and experimental male animals on the testosterone level in those given the EL extract orally were at best insufficiently conclusive. Materials and Method Sixty-four healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were acclimatized, and randomized into six test groups and one control group. All rats where given either the aqueous EL extract or distilled water via metal gavage needle. The first three test groups received the low (50mg/kg bw), medium (100mg/ kg bw) and high (200mg/kg bw) doses respectively of the EL daily for 15 days only. The second three test groups continued receiving the same daily treatment doses for 30 days. The controls were given distilled water only. At the end of each of the study period, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture and the rats were euthanized. The testicles were obtained, weighed, and processed for histological examination. Results The sera testosterone levels were higher in animals which received the medium and high doses for both treatment duration. Rats which received medium and high oral doses of EL showed an increase of spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa. Conclusion The optimal enhancing effect on sera testosterone levels and testicular spermatogenesis of EL treatment in adult male rats was observed with the medium dose of 100mg/kg bw given once daily for both 15 and 30 days.

scholarly journals Evaluation of The Effect of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) to Increase Androgen Levels

INSIST ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hurip Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
Boiled Water ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract—Background:The ability of reproductive disorders in men and experimental male rat is characterized among other things by a decrease in androgen such as testosterone levels. Materials of pasak bumi root (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) increased libido behavior of experimental male rat. Libido associated with higher levels of testosterone, it is therefore necessary to evaluate the effect of pasak bumi on androgen levels such as testosterone. Methods: Male rats at 9.00 am treated controls and pasak bumi, then at 14.00 pm tempted with estrus female rats 10 minutes. Then, both control and pasak bumi blood  samples were collected from male rat heart on day 1st  and day 3rd  at 14.15 pm. Measurement of testosterone levels were calculated using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: An increase in serum  testosterone levels in the blood on day-3rd  administration pasak bumi boiled water 18 mg/200 g dose  significantly different than the  control within day 1st to 3rd. The average levels of testosterone administration control (boiled water of aquades) day 1st = 0.50 ng/ml, day 3rd = 2.46 ng / ml, increased markedly on pasak bumi treatment day 1st = 4.00 ng / ml and day 3 = 9.73 ng / ml, (Duncan test, α=0.05). Conclusions: Testosterone levels can be increased markedly after the consumption of the pasak bumi boiled water for 3 days.Keywords—Pasak bumi, a dose of  18 mg/200 g, testosterone.

Long-term administration of Aspalathus linearis infusion affects spatial memory of adult Sprague-Dawley male rats as well as increases their striatal dopamine content

2019 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 111881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Pyrzanowska ◽  
Izabela Fecka ◽  
Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel ◽  
Ilona Joniec-Maciejak ◽  
Kamilla Blecharz-Klin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Aspalathus Linearis ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Term Administration

scholarly journals Evaluation of The Effect of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) to Increase Androgen Levels

INSIST ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hurip Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
Boiled Water ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract—Background:The ability of reproductive disorders in men and experimental male rat is characterized among other things by a decrease in androgen such as testosterone levels. Materials of pasak bumi root (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) increased libido behavior of experimental male rat. Libido associated with higher levels of testosterone, it is therefore necessary to evaluate the effect of pasak bumi on androgen levels such as testosterone. Methods: Male rats at 9.00 am treated controls and pasak bumi, then at 14.00 pm tempted with estrus female rats 10 minutes. Then, both control and pasak bumi blood  samples were collected from male rat heart on day 1st  and day 3rd  at 14.15 pm. Measurement of testosterone levels were calculated using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: An increase in serum  testosterone levels in the blood on day-3rd  administration pasak bumi boiled water 18 mg/200 g dose  significantly different than the  control within day 1st to 3rd. The average levels of testosterone administration control (boiled water of aquades) day 1st = 0.50 ng/ml, day 3rd = 2.46 ng / ml, increased markedly on pasak bumi treatment day 1st = 4.00 ng / ml and day 3 = 9.73 ng / ml, (Duncan test, α=0.05). Conclusions: Testosterone levels can be increased markedly after the consumption of the pasak bumi boiled water for 3 days.Keywords—Pasak bumi, a dose of  18 mg/200 g, testosterone.

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