scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serotype 8 Reveals the Importance of Prophages in the Genetic Variability of the Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Isabelle Gonçalves de Oliveira Prado ◽  
Giarlã Cunha da Silva ◽  
Josicelli Souza Crispim ◽  
Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal ◽  
Moysés Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Element Sequence

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Currently, there are 18 different serotypes; the serotype 8 is the most widely distributed in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and southeastern Brazil. In this study, genomes of seven A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 8 clinical isolates were compared to the other genomes of twelve serotypes. The analyses of serotype 8 genomes resulted in a set of 2352 protein-coding sequences. Of these sequences, 76.6% are present in all serotypes, 18.5% are shared with some serotypes, and 4.9% were differential. This differential portion was characterized as a series of hypothetical and regulatory protein sequences: mobile element sequence. Synteny analysis demonstrated possible events of gene recombination and acquisition by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in this species. A total of 30 sequences related to prophages were identified in the genomes. These sequences represented 0.3 to 3.5% of the genome of the strains analyzed, and 16 of them contained complete prophages. Similarity analysis between complete prophage sequences evidenced a possible HGT with species belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae. Thus, mobile genetic elements, such as prophages, are important components of the differential portion of the A. pleuropneumoniae genome and demonstrate a central role in the evolution of the species. This study represents the first study done to understand the genome of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 8.

Breaking Free

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre David
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Male Homosexuality ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
The Family

In the mid- to late 1950s, Pamela emerged as a critically acclaimed novelist, particularly after the family returned to London. In perhaps her best-known novel, The Unspeakable Skipton, she explores the life of a paranoid writer who sponges on English visitors to Bruges. The novel was hailed for its wit and sensitive depiction of the life of a writer. She also published a fine study of a London vicar martyred in marriage to a vain and selfish wife: The Humbler Creation is remarkable for its incisive and empathetic depiction of male despair. The Last Resort sealed her distinction as a brilliant novelist of domestic life in its frank depiction of male homosexuality. While continuing to publish fiction, Pamela maintained her reputation as a deft reviewer. In 1954, she and Charles travelled to the United States—the first of many trips that were to follow.

scholarly journals Sequencing of Organellar Genomes of Nowellia curvifolia (Cephaloziaceae Jungermanniales) Revealed the Smallest Plastome with Complete Gene Set and High Intraspecific Variation Suggesting Cryptic Speciation

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Jakub Sawicki ◽  
Katarzyna Krawczyk ◽  
Monika Ślipiko ◽  
Monika Szczecińska
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Editing Event ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leafy Liverwort ◽  
Aneura Mirabilis ◽  
First Time

The leafy liverwort Nowellia curvifolia is a widespread Holarctic species belonging to the family Cephaloziaceae. It is made up of a newly sequenced, assembled and annotated organellar genomes of two European specimens, which revealed the structure typical for liverworts, but also provided new insights into its microevolution. The plastome of N. curvifolia is the second smallest among photosynthetic liverworts, with the shortest known inverted repeats. Moreover, it is the smallest liverwort genome with a complete gene set, since two smaller genomes of Aneura mirabilis and Cololejeunea lanciloba are missing six and four protein-coding genes respectively. The reduction of plastome size in leafy liverworts seems to be mainly impacted by deletion within specific region between psbA and psbD genes. The comparative intraspecific analysis revealed single SNPs difference among European individuals and a low number of 35 mutations differentiating European and North American specimens. However, the genetic resources of Asian specimen enabled to identify 1335 SNPs in plastic protein-coding genes suggesting an advanced cryptic speciation within N. curvifolia or the presence of undescribed morphospecies in Asia. Newly sequenced mitogenomes from European specimens revealed identical gene content and structure to previously published and low intercontinental differentiation limited to one substitution and three indels. The RNA-seq based RNA editing analysis revealed 17 and 127 edited sites in plastome and mitogenome respectively including one non-canonical editing event in plastid chiL gene. The U to C editing is common in non-seed plants, but in liverwort plastome is reported for the first time.

scholarly journals Sero- and apx-typing of German Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates from 2010 to 2019 reveals a predominance of serovar 2 with regular apx-profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schuwerk ◽  
Doris Hoeltig ◽  
Karl-Heinz Waldmann ◽  
Peter Valentin-Weigand ◽  
Judith Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Gene Profile ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Highly Virulent

AbstractSerotyping is the most common method to characterize field isolates of Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae, the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Based on serology, many farms seem to be infected and antibodies against a wide variety of serovars are detectable, but, so far it is unknown to what degree respective serovars contribute to outbreaks of clinical manifest disease. In this study, 213 German A. pleuropneumoniae field isolates retrieved for diagnostic purposes from outbreaks of porcine pleuropneumonia between 2010 and 2019 were genetically serotyped and analyzed regarding their apx-toxin gene profile using molecular methods. Serotyping revealed a prominent role of serovar 2 in clinical cases (64% of all isolates) and an increase in the detection of this serovar since 2010 in German isolates. Serovar 9/11 followed as the second most frequent serovar with about 15% of the isolates. Furthermore, very recently described serovars 16 (n = 2) and 18 (n = 8) were detected. Most isolates (93.4%) showed apx-profiles typical for the respective serovar. However, this does not hold true for isolates of serovar 18, as 75% (n = 6) of all isolates of this serovar deviated uniformly from the “typical” apx-gene profile of the reference strain 7311555. Notably, isolates from systemic lesions such as joints or meninges did not harbor the complete apxICABD operon which is considered typical for highly virulent strains. Furthermore, the extremely low occurrence (n = 1) of NAD independent (biovar II) isolates in German A. pleuropneumoniae was evident in our collection of clinical isolates.

New Structure, Traditional Essence: Patterns of Helping Non-Coresident Parents by Own and Sibling(s)’ Gender in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110188
Author(s):  
Yifei Hou ◽  
Marissa Rurka ◽  
Siyun Peng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Family

As Chinese households are becoming smaller with increasing numbers of adult children and older parents living apart, the extent to which patterns of parental support reflect traditional gender dynamics is under debate. Integrating theories of sibling compensation with ceremonial giving, we tested whether helping non-coresident parents in China is affected by sibship size and how these patterns depend on own and sibling(s)’ gender using a sample of 4,359 non-coresident parent-child dyads nesting within 3,285 focal adult children from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2013. Opposite to patterns in the United States and Europe, we found substitutions of daughters with sons—having more brothers was associated with daughters’ reduced probabilities and hours of helping. Sons’ patterns of helping were independent of number of brothers and sisters in the family, consistent with the theory of ceremonial giving. These findings reflect the dominance of traditional family dynamics despite changes in family structure.

Nursing Science, Mental Illness, and the Family: A Conceptual Framework to Break the Cycle of Suffering

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Susan M. Hunter Revell ◽  
Mary K. McCurry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Level ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
The Family ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Integrated Programs

Mental illness is an epidemic in the United States, and there is a gap in care due to minimal integrated programs and transitional community resources. This paper reports the development of a conceptual framework to identify challenges facing families living with mental illness and the integral role nursing plays to positively impact health. An inductive, bottom-up approach was used to develop the Nursing Science, Mental Illness and Family model. Concepts clustered around family health, cycle of suffering, improving outcomes, healthcare policy, and nursing science. Successful, goal-directed interprofessional collaborations are essential for individual-, family-, and system-level interventions to be effective.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Analysis and Phylogenetic Location Determination of Hydropsyche Fryeri (Insecta: Trichoptera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Li ◽  
Honglin Qin ◽  
Xifa Zhong ◽  
Jingcai Huang ◽  
Yujun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence ◽  
Location Determination ◽  
The Family

Abstract Hydropsyche fryeri belongs to the Trichopteridae family and builds nests in clean and unpolluted streams using stones. It also can be used as an indicator of water quality. Here, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Hydropsyche fryeri. The mitochondrial genome is 15,676 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and an AT-rich control region. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that Hydropsyche fryeri is more closely related to the family Hydroptera than other Trichoptera.

This Child is Mine!

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Child Psychiatrist ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The Family

In Canada and the United States there are over one million divorces annually involving at least that number of children. Divorce frequently involves matters of access and custody. Lawyers acting on behalf of their clients may request psychiatric consultation as to the emotional stability of the client. In custody cases, the child or children may be evaluated by a child psychiatrist. In a divorce action between two adults, it may be valid for the psychiatrist to see one party to the dispute and offer a psychiatric opinion. In custody matters, a psychiatrist must see both parties to the dispute as well as the children. If only one parent is seen it is almost impossible to offer expert testimony. Divorce proceedings result from marital incompatibility. The deficits attributed to each spouse in the marital relationship do not necessarily bear upon the ability to be a parent. Yet in custody contests, frequently the two qualities of suitability for marriage and suitability for parenting are confused. When a child psychiatrist is involved, he or she is asked to comment not only on the emotional stability or problems of the child but also on the fitness of the parents. If each parent has a child psychiatrist involved in the evaluation, the adversary position is fortified and the possibilities for compromise are jeopardized. Since the children are invariably traumatized, guilt-ridden and insecure, it is important that the child psychiatrist attempts to minimize the vindictiveness and anger which are inherent in some custody disputes. By acting in the child's interests, and guiding the lawyers to allow one child psychiatrist to perform the total evaluation, some loosening of an adversarial stance is likely, and new possibilities for negotiation and compromise are created. The structuring of such an evaluation must be completed before any member of the family is seen. A case illustration is provided to point out the nature of the requests made of the lawyers and techniques used in negotiations. The child psychiatrist, in remaining child-focused, is in a unique position to avoid representing one side to the conflict and to provide the court with an evaluation which will aid the judge to make an informed decision.

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