scholarly journals Thrombosis of the Vein of Galen: Pitfalls, Metamorphosis, and Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Paulo César Santos-Soares ◽  
Jamary Oliveira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Vein Of Galen ◽  
Airway Protection ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Thalamic Lesions ◽  
Symptom Progression ◽  
The Brain

Isolated thrombosis of the vein of Galen is a rare and serious entity with few cases reported in the literature. We report the case of a previously healthy 18-year-old male who was admitted after developing headache and subsequently worsening mental status, requiring endotracheal intubation for airway protection. During his admission he developed symptoms of severe paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity and posturing. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral thalamic lesions. The magnetic resonance angiography and digital arteriography revealed a thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system (vein of Galen). We call attention to a case with rapid symptom progression and specific radiological findings, with atypical clinical course, characterized by paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, but with good clinical functional outcome.

scholarly journals Hemimegalencephaly without seizures: report of a case and review of literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agrawal Atul ◽  
Dutta Gautam ◽  
Singh Daljit ◽  
Sachdeva Deepashu ◽  
Gupta Robin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Psychomotor Delay ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Mild Developmental Delay ◽  
Rare Malformation ◽  
Clinical Triad ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Hemimegalencephaly is a rare malformation of the brain characterized by enlargement of one cerebral hemisphere. The classic clinical triad consists of intractable epilepsy, severe psychomotor delay and hemiparesis. We report a case of a six months old girl, with the radiological features of hemimegalencephaly but with a comparatively benign clinical course. She had mild developmental delay but with no paresis or seizures. Literature revealed only two reported cases of hemimegalencephaly without the presence of seizures. We discuss the clinical and radiological findings of this third reported case.

scholarly journals Craniopharyngioma causing bilateral vision loss 4 months after unremarkable magnetic resonance imaging of the brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 392-394
Author(s):  
Rainy Betts ◽  
Curtis E. Margo ◽  
Mitchell Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Suprasellar Cistern ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTA 65-year-old man developed bilateral vision loss 4 months after magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no lesion in the vicinity of the optic chiasm, hypothalamus, and suprasellar tissues. Repeat computed tomography 3 months later showed a predominantly cystic mass of the suprasellar cistern with extension into the anterior third ventricle, which histologically was a craniopharyngioma. The clinical course of this case fuels the controversy whether craniopharyngiomas arise from embryonic rests or can be acquired. From a clinical perspective, it raises questions about when to obtain imaging studies dedicated to the chiasm and the appropriate interval in which a scan should be repeated to exclude structural causes of bilateral vision loss.

scholarly journals Hypoxic-ischemic encefalopathy: Clinical course and prognosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Natasa Cosic-Cerovac ◽  
Slobodanka Todorovic ◽  
Nebojsa Jovic ◽  
Milica Prostran
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurological Finding ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background. Establishing the value of neurological examination, and additional diagnostic methods (ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain) in the diagnosis and prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and its treatment, tracking the clinical course, and making the prognosis of neurological development in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encefalopathy. Methods. The group of 40 term newborn infants with suspected intrauterine asphyxia was examined. All the infants were prospectivelly followed untill the 3rd year of age at the Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth in order to estimate their neurological development and to diagnose the occurence of persistent neurological disorders. All the infants were analyzed by their gestational age and Apgar score in the 1st and the 5th minute of life. They were all examined neurologically and by ultrasonography in the first week of life and, repeatedly, at the age of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, as well as in the 24th month of life. They were treated by the standard methods for this disease. Finally, all the infants were examined neurologically and by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in their 3rd year of age. On the basis of neurological finding infants were devided into 3 groups: infants with normal neurological finding, infants with mild neurological symptomatology, and infants with severe neurological disorders. Results. It was shown that neurological finding, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain positively correlated with the later neurological development of the infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusion. Only the combined use of these techniques had full diagnostic and prognostic significance emphasizing that the integrative approach was very important in the diagnosis of brain lesions in infants.

Findings in the Magnetic Resonance of Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Fernández-Ortega ◽  
Miguel Angel Prieto-Palomino ◽  
Guillermo Quesada-García ◽  
Jesus Barrueco-Francioni
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity

scholarly journals Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Patients Victims of Traumatic Brain Injury. Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ferreira Kalkmann ◽  
Letícia Novak Crestani ◽  
Letícia Adrielle dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Umberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractThe present literature review aims to present the physiology of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) as well as its clinical course, conceptualizing them, and establishing its diagnosis and treatment. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is a rare syndrome, which often presents after an acute traumatic brain injury. Characterized by a hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, when diagnosed in its pure form, its symptomatologic presentation is through tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, hypertension, dystonia, and sialorrhea. The treatment of PSH is basically pharmacological, using central nervous system suppressors; however, the nonmedication approach is closely associated with a reduction in external stimuli, such as visual and auditory stimuli. Mismanagement can lead to the development of serious cardiovascular and diencephalic complications, and the need for neurosurgeons and neurointensivists to know about PSH is evident in order to provide a fast and accurate treatment of this syndrome.

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