scholarly journals Improvement on the association strength: implementing a probabilistic measure inspired on combinations without repetition.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Mathieu P.A. Steijn
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Probabilistic Measure ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Original Formula

The use of co-occurrence data is common in various domains. Co-occurrence data often needs to be normalised to correct for the size-effect. To this end, van Eck and Waltman (2009) recommend a probabilistic measure known as the association strength. However, this formula, based on combinations with repetition, implicitly assumes that observations from the same entity can co-occur even though in the intended usage of the measure these self-co-occurrences are non-existent. A more accurate measure inspired on combinations without repetition is introduced here and compared to the original formula in mathematical derivations, simulations, and patent data, which shows that the original formula overestimates the relation between a pair and that some pairs are more overestimated than others. The new measure is available in the EconGeo package for R maintained by Balland (2016). Peer Review https://publons.com/publon/10.1162/qss_a_00122

scholarly journals How to measure development in corpora? An association strength approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABINE STOLL ◽  
STEFAN TH. GRIES
Keyword(s):  
Measure Development ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Association Measures ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTIn this paper we propose a method for characterizing development in large longitudinal corpora. The method has the following three features: (i) it suggests how to represent development without assuming predefined stages; (ii) it includes caregiver speech/child-directed speech; (iii) it uses statistical association measures for investigating co-occurrence data. We exemplify the implementation of these proposals with data on the acquisition of the patterning of tense and grammatical aspect of four Russian children. The method, however, is suitable for a wide range of other acquisition questions as well.

scholarly journals How Cumulative is Technological Knowledge?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Peter Persoon ◽  
Rudi Bekkers ◽  
Floor Alkemade
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Dynamics ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Technological cumulativeness is considered one of the main mechanisms for technological progress, yet its exact meaning and dynamics often remain unclear. To develop a better understanding of this mechanism we approach a technology as a body of knowledge consisting of interlinked inventions. Technological cumulativeness can then be understood as the extent to which inventions build on other inventions within that same body of knowledge. The cumulativeness of a technology is therefore characterized by the structure of its knowledge base, which is different from, but closely related to, the size of its knowledge base. We analytically derive equations describing the relation between the cumulativeness and the size of the knowledge base. In addition, we empirically test our ideas for a number of selected technologies, using patent data. Our results suggest that cumulativeness increases proportionally with the size of the knowledge base, at a rate which varies considerably across technologies. Furthermore, this rate is inversely related to the rate of invention over time. This suggests that the cumulativeness increases relatively slow in rapidly growing technologies. In sum, the presented approach allows for an in depth, systematic analysis of cumulativeness variations across technologies and the knowledge dynamics underlying technology development. Peer Review https://publons.com/publon/10.1162/qss_a_00140

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