Demanding Reduction: A County-level Analysis Examining Structural Determinants of Human Trafficking Arrests in Florida

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096271
Author(s):  
Madelyn Diaz ◽  
Lin Huff-Corzine ◽  
Jay Corzine
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
County Level ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Arrest Rates ◽  
Residential Instability ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Level Analysis

Academic literature has placed increased focus on understanding the complexities of human trafficking cases, but a gap in literature persists on assessing structural determinants that may impact the number of identified human trafficking arrests. As such, using administrative data on human trafficking arrests from 2013 to 2017, in the present study we examine the influence that macro-level social disorganization indicators, physical characteristics, and criminality rates have on human trafficking arrests in the state of Florida. Results reveal that counties with a higher number of human trafficking arrests were associated with higher levels of residential instability, a greater count of police agencies, as well as, lower levels of concentrated disadvantage and drug arrest rates. We close with directions for future research and anti-trafficking policy recommendations.

The Efficacy of the Trafficking in Persons Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alese Wooditch
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The U.S

Anti-trafficking efforts have been adopted globally to curb human trafficking, yet many nations have failed to put initiatives into practice. As a consequence, the U.S. Department of State implemented the Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report to monitor and increase efforts worldwide and serve as a guide to funding anti-trafficking programs aboard. This exploratory study investigates the efficacy of this policy initiative by means of a longitudinal assessment of the TIP Report’s tier classifications, a system that grades countries based on anti-trafficking initiatives, and determines if U.S. funded anti-trafficking initiatives internationally target those countries in need. The findings suggest that tier ranking has not improved over time, and the United States has failed to systematically allocate funds based on the recommendations of the tier classification system. Policy recommendations and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals County-Level Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 in Nursing Homes, United States, June 1, 2020–January 31, 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110536
Author(s):  
Adam Hege ◽  
Sandi Lane ◽  
Trent Spaulding ◽  
Margaret Sugg ◽  
Lakshmi S. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
County Level ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Objectives Nursing homes are a primary setting of COVID-19 transmission and death, but research has primarily focused only on factors within nursing homes. We investigated the relationship between US nursing home–associated COVID-19 infection rates and county-level and nursing home attributes. Methods We constructed panel data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) minimum dataset, CMS nursing home data, 2010 US Census data, 5-year (2012-2016) American Community Survey estimates, and county COVID-19 infection rates. We analyzed COVID-19 data from June 1, 2020, through January 31, 2021, during 7 five-week periods. We used a maximum likelihood estimator, including an autoregressive term, to estimate effects and changes over time. We performed 3 model forms (basic, partial, and full) for analysis. Results Nursing homes with nursing (0.005) and staff (0.002) shortages had high COVID-19 infection rates, and locally owned (−0.007) or state-owned (−0.025) and nonprofit (–0.011) agencies had lower COVID-19 infection rates than privately owned agencies. County-level COVID-19 infection rates corresponded with COVID-19 infection rates in nursing homes. Racial and ethnic minority groups had high nursing home–associated COVID-19 infection rates early in the study. High median annual personal income (−0.002) at the county level correlated with lower nursing home–associated COVID-19 infection rates. Conclusions Communities with low rates of nursing home infections had access to more resources (eg, financial resources, staffing) and likely had better mitigation efforts in place earlier in the pandemic than nursing homes that had access to few resources and poor mitigation efforts. Future research should address the social and structural determinants of health that are leaving racial and ethnic minority populations and institutions such as nursing homes vulnerable during times of crises.

The Energy Politics of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 532-561
Author(s):  
Lydia Powell
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Poor Outcomes

While it is not surprising that political factors shape the Indian energy landscape, few systematic attempts have been made to address exactly what interests most heavily influence energy choices and the precise nature of their impacts. Available research suggests that scholars need to move beyond simplistic explanations, such as lack of political will or capacity constraints, and recognize a broader set of interacting social, structural, institutional, and political agency variables. The technocratic analyses and projections based on simulation models that dominate the academic literature neglect political and social perspectives as unscientific, esoteric, or theoretical. Thus this chapter argues that future research should focus on political and economic power relations at the national, regional, and domestic levels when tracking poor outcomes of energy choices and policies. In the future, an emphasis on theoretically informed analysis will deepen understanding of hard choices related to the equitable distribution of energy in India and also facilitate implementation of more progressive energy policies.

Political Competition and Right-Wing Terrorism: A County-Level Analysis of the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110067
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Nemeth ◽  
Holley E. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Economic Anxiety ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Level Analysis

While many previous studies on U.S. right-wing violence center on factors such as racial threat and economic anxiety, we draw from comparative politics research linking electoral dynamics to anti-minority violence. Furthermore, we argue that the causes of right-wing terrorism do not solely rest on political, economic, or social changes individually, but on their interaction. Using a geocoded, U.S. county-level analysis of right-wing terrorist incidents from 1970 to 2016, we find no evidence that poorer or more diverse counties are targets of right-wing terrorism. Rather, right-wing violence is more common in areas where “playing the ethnic card” makes strategic sense for elites looking to shift electoral outcomes: counties that are in electorally competitive areas and that are predominantly white.

More than carrots and sticks: Economic statecraft and coercion in China–Taiwan relations from 2000 to 2019

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572096265
Author(s):  
Christina Lai
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Economic Statecraft ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Chinese Group ◽  
Level Analysis

China has become one of the most important trading partners for many Asian countries, and Taiwan is at the forefront of China’s economic coercion. It also leads to the following empirical puzzle: When can Beijing’s economic sanctions and incentives achieve their desired outcomes? Why and how do they often fail? Given the power asymmetry between China and Taiwan, how Taiwan resists China’s coercive measures contributes significantly to theoretical development in international relations. Taiwan has responded to Chinese economic pressure by diversifying its trade with and investment in Southeast Asian and South Asian countries to lessen dependence on China. It also securitizes China–Taiwan relations by raising public awareness about over-reliance on China’s market. Taiwan is not only a target of China’s coercion, but an active actor in its own right as well. This article re-evaluates the literature on East Asian politics and economic statecraft. First, it highlights the salience of power asymmetry to the field of economic statecraft. Second, it offers a three-level analysis of when and how China exercised economic coercion and incentives towards Taiwan. Third, it examines how Taiwan addressed Beijing’s sanctions on Chinese group tourists starting in 2016. The final section discusses some conclusions that can be drawn and suggests some avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Identification of Technology Diffusion by Citation and Main Paths Analysis: The Possibility of Measuring Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Wei-Hao Su ◽  
Kai-Ying Chen ◽  
Louis Y. Y. Lu ◽  
Ya-Chi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Historic Development

This study collected literature on augmented reality (AR) from academic and patent databases to plot the historic development trajectory of AR and forecast its future research and development trends. A total of 3193 and 13,629 papers were collected from academic and patent databases, respectively. First, a network was established using references from the academic literature; main path analysis was conducted on this reference network to plot the overall development trajectory. Subsequent cluster and word cloud analyses revealed the following five major groups of AR research topics: AR surgical navigation applications, AR education applications, AR applications in manufacturing, AR applications in architecture, and AR applications in visual tracking. Subsequently, the relationships between the overall development trajectory and the five AR research topics were compared. Next, the title and abstract of AR-related academic and patent papers were subjected to text mining to identify keywords with a high frequency of occurrence. The results can provide a reference for industry, government, and academia when planning future development strategies for the AR field. This research adopted an integrated analysis procedure to plot the trajectory of AR technology development and applications successfully and effectively, predict future patent research and development directions and produce technological forecasts.

A County-Level Analysis of the US Radiologist Workforce: Physician Supply and Subspecialty Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Rosenkrantz ◽  
Wenyi Wang ◽  
Danny R. Hughes ◽  
Richard Duszak
Keyword(s):  
County Level ◽  
Physician Supply ◽  
The Us ◽  
Level Analysis
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