scholarly journals Brain space and time in mental disorders: Paradigm shift in biological psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A Fingelkurts ◽  
Alexander A Fingelkurts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
To Come

Contemporary psychiatry faces serious challenges because it has failed to incorporate accumulated knowledge from basic neuroscience, neurophilosophy, and brain–mind relation studies. As a consequence, it has limited explanatory power, and effective treatment options are hard to come by. A new conceptual framework for understanding mental health based on underlying neurobiological spatial-temporal mechanisms of mental disorders (already gained by the experimental studies) is beginning to emerge.

scholarly journals Use and impact of smartphone apps in mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amerio ◽  
A Scardoni ◽  
L Bellini ◽  
S Salvati ◽  
S Buttigieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As smartphone usage is more and more ubiquitous, the app market is flourishing in all fields, including health. Indeed, the availability and use of smartphone apps (SAs) in health has exponentially grown in recent years. It has been estimated that in 2018 there were over 97,000 health apps available and that, 15% and 8% of US phone users aged 18-29 and 30-49 years respectively had health apps installed on their mobile devices. Health apps might potentially support people health paths in multiple ways: channeling health education, enabling personal health data tracking, self-monitoring and goals setting, facilitating access to health records or compliance to treatment, fostering effective communication with healthcare providers and health services, as well as supporting clinical decision-making. Despite such large potential, still scant evidence is available on the impact of SAs on clinical outcomes in different fields of medicine, including mental health. With an estimated prevalence of around 450 million people currently suffering from mental disorders and 1 in 4 people in the world affected at some point in own life, mental disorders are a leading cause of ill-health and disability worldwide whose prevention and care might be enhanced by mHealth technology. The general aim of the presentation is to provide an overview on the use and impact of SAs in the field of mental health. Specific objectives are: i) to present a conceptual framework on how SAs might support mental disorders prevention, diagnosis and treatment, ii) to report on SAs use in mental health in different settings, iii) to collect and pool available evidence from observational and experimental studies on the impact of SAs use on different mental health outcomes, iv) to explore the quality, effectiveness and attributes of top-rated smartphone mental health apps and lastly, v) to suggest gaps in knowledge to be filled by future research.

Legal Aspects of Chronic Mental Illness

2017 ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Raveesh B. N. ◽  
Barre Vijaya Prasad ◽  
Meghamala S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
New Perspective

People with a chronic mental illness or disability have been identified as a group suffering multiple disadvantages. Law interacts with mental disorder to protect society from the dangerous consequences of mental disorder. The legal interaction with mental disorder includes both civil and criminal issues. A paradigm shift has given a new perspective to the care of mental disorders and has led to the review of mental health legislations worldwide in general, India in particular. This chapter will discuss the interaction of law and psychiatry, rights of persons with mental disorder and the gap in implementation of these laws.

scholarly journals Tattoos: what is their significance?

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Khosla ◽  
Verghese Joseph ◽  
Harvey Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health And Safety Issues

SummaryThe prevalence of tattoos is higher among people with mental disorders and those likely to come in contact with mental health services. The motivations for acquiring a tattoo are varied and tattoos can give clues to the presence of particular psychiatric conditions and to the inner world of patients. Psychiatrists need to be aware of the health and safety issues surrounding the tattooing procedure and be able to give appropriate advice to their patients if they wish to acquire a tattoo. The issue of capacity must be considered. This may be particularly relevant for clinicians working with adolescents, the most common age group for acquiring tattoos. Owing to the high proportion of adults who subsequently regret their tattoos and the associated psychological and social distress, clinicians should be aware of methods of tattoo removal.

scholarly journals Defining agitation in the cognitively impaired–a work in progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Edmond Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Track Record

The International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) being the leading international organization in the promotion of mental health and effective treatment of mental disorders in the elderly, has a long standing enviable tradition and track record in providing leadership in this field.

scholarly journals Community Mental Health Services in Italy

10.17816/cp76 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Gaia Sampogna ◽  
Valeria Del Vecchio ◽  
Corrado De Rosa ◽  
Vincenzo Giallonardo ◽  
Mario Luciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Community Mental Health Services ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Residential Facilities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Italian Model

In 1978, in Italy, approval of Basaglias reform law marked a shift from an asylum-based to a community-based mental health system. The main aim of the reform was to treat patients in the community and no longer in psychiatric hospitals. Following the Italian model, similar reforms of mental health care have been approved worldwide. The community-based model aims to promote integration and human rights for people with mental disorders on the basis of their freedom to choose treatment options. By 2000, all psychiatric hospitals had been closed and all patients discharged. Mental health care is organized through the Department of Mental Health, which is the umbrella organization responsible for specialist mental health care in the community; this includes psychiatric wards located in general hospitals, residential facilities, mental health centres, and day-hospital and day-care units. Approval of Law 180 led to a practical and ideological shift in the provision of care to patients with mental disorders. In particular, the reform highlighted the need to treat patients in the same way as any other patient, and mental health care moved from a custodialistic to a therapeutic model. Progressive consolidation of the community-based system of mental health care in Italy has been observed in the past 40 years. However, some reasons for concern still exist, including low staffing levels, potential use of community residential facilities as long-stay residential services, and a heterogeneity in the availability of resources for mental health throughout the country.

Beliefs of Young People and Their Parents about the Effectiveness of Interventions for Mental Disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Annemarie Wright
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
First Onset

Objective: Mental disorders often have their first onset during youth, so that young people need to have knowledge to support appropriate decision-making. The aim of the study was to find out which interventions they see as potentially helpful for a range of mental disorders. Method: In 2006, interviews were carried out with 3746 Australians aged 12–25 years and 2005 of their parents. Participants were presented with a case vignette describing either psychosis, depression, depression with alcohol misuse, or social phobia. Questions were asked about the likely helpfulness of a broad range of possible interventions. Results: There was broad agreement from young people and their parents about what interventions are likely to be helpful and these views applied across the range of disorders presented. These interventions could be described as general and informal sources of help, rather than as specialist mental health services. The most negative views were about psychiatric medications and admission to hospital. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need to improve knowledge of appropriate treatment options and to give more attention to the evaluation of interventions that are widely accepted by young people but underresearched. The findings also suggest ways in which interventions can be labelled to make them more acceptable to this age group.

Convergence Mental Health Across the Life Span

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Malcolm Forbes ◽  
Thomas Rego ◽  
Helen Lavretsky ◽  
Charles Reynolds III
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Life Span ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

The burden of geriatric mental disorders is significant and expected to rise in the 21st century. Existing therapies for geriatric mental disorders have modest efficacy and improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment options are urgently needed. The field of precision psychiatry focuses on an individual’s unique attributes to help improve risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychiatric disorders. Within this state-of-the-art review, the authors provide a review of the field of precision psychiatry for geriatric mental disorders. They consider topics such as wearables, pharmacogenetics, smartphone apps, and chatbots to alleviate depression in late life and virtual reality, robotics, and brain stimulation for cognitive enhancement among elderly with dementia.

scholarly journals Trauma as a neglected etiological factor of mental disorders

Sociologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Health It ◽  
Attachment Trauma ◽  
Care Field ◽  
History Of

Throughout the history of mental health care field, trauma was prescribed different and frequently opposing roles. In psychoanalysis, the attitude toward trauma was ambiguous: it was considered a crucial factor, but at the same time its role could happen to be minimized. In biological psychiatry, it is seen as a dominant cause of some disorders and completely irrelevant for the others. In this paper, two issues are discussed: frequency of traumatic events in general population and among persons with mental disorders; and hypothesized intrapsychic mechanisms that lead to detrimental consequences of trauma on mental health. It is advocated that prevention of early, especially attachment, trauma should be the focus of our work in dealing with mental disorders.

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety among people living with and beyond cancer: a growing clinical and research priority

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Niedzwiedz ◽  
Lee Knifton ◽  
Kathryn A. Robb ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Daniel J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on mental health and wellbeing. Depression and anxiety may hinder cancer treatment and recovery, as well as quality of life and survival. We argue that more research is needed to prevent and treat co-morbid depression and anxiety among people with cancer and that it requires greater clinical priority. For background and to support our argument, we synthesise existing systematic reviews relating to cancer and common mental disorders, focusing on depression and anxiety. We searched several electronic databases for relevant reviews on cancer, depression and anxiety from 2012 to 2019. Several areas are covered: factors that may contribute to the development of common mental disorders among people with cancer; the prevalence of depression and anxiety; and potential care and treatment options. We also make several recommendations for future research. Numerous individual, psychological, social and contextual factors potentially contribute to the development of depression and anxiety among people with cancer, as well as characteristics related to the cancer and treatment received. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of depression and anxiety is often found to be higher among people with cancer, but estimates vary due to several factors, such as the treatment setting, type of cancer and time since diagnosis. Overall, there are a lack of high-quality studies into the mental health of people with cancer following treatment and among long-term survivors, particularly for the less prevalent cancer types and younger people. Studies that focus on prevention are minimal and research covering low- and middle-income populations is limited. Conclusion Research is urgently needed into the possible impacts of long-term and late effects of cancer treatment on mental health and how these may be prevented, as increasing numbers of people live with and beyond cancer.

scholarly journals The efficacy of Narrative Exposure Therapy for Children (KIDNET) as a Treatment for Traumatized Young Refugees versus Treatment as Usual: Study Protocol for a Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial (YOURTREAT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wilker ◽  
Claudia Catani ◽  
Jasmin Wittmann ◽  
Melissa Preusse ◽  
Telja Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Narrative Exposure Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background: Germany hosts a large number of refugees from war-affected countries. The integration of refugees, in particular young refugees from the Middle East, is one of the major current social challenges in Germany. Mental disorders, first of all post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that results from war experiences, are common among young refugees and interfere with quality of life as well as functional integration. Evidence regarding effective treatment options for this population is scarce. In this trial, we aim to evaluate the pragmatic, short-term psychotherapy Narrative Exposure Therapy for Children (KIDNET) for the treatment of young refugees in Germany. Methods: In a rater-blinded multi-center randomized-controlled trial, KIDNET is compared to treatment as usual (TAU) within the general health care system. A total number of 80 young refugees who fulfill the diagnostic criteria of PTSD will be randomized to either KIDNET or TAU. Diagnostic interviews will take place at baseline before treatment as well as six and 12 months thereafter. They will assess exposure to traumatic events, PTSD and comorbid symptoms, as well as parameters of integration. Discussion: The results of this study will provide evidence regarding effective treatment options for young refugees in Germany, a population that has been understudied and received only limited access to mental health care so far. Next to the effects of treatment on mental health outcomes, integration parameters will be investigated. Therefore, this study will provide broad insights into treatment options for young refugees and their potential implications on successful integration. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS), registered on May 15 th , 2019. The trial registration number is DRKS00017222 (www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00017222)

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