What should a Russian father be like? Exploring fatherhood norms and identifying norm patterns among inhabitants of Saint Petersburg

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelle Åberg ◽  
Joakim Ekman ◽  
Johnny Rodin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Based on data from a survey conducted in Saint Petersburg in 2013, this article sheds new light on attitudes towards fatherhood in contemporary Russia. We explore what norms are held concerning fatherhood, how these attitudes are related to age, sex, education and income as well as to ideal–typical models established in previous research on fatherhood from Western Europe and the US. Thus, the article also discusses what explanatory value established theoretical models have for the Russian context. Norms of the role of the father in the family are related to general norms of masculinity and, hence, are an important part of the study of politics and the political climate in a society. The results show that there are several fatherhood ideals present in contemporary Northwestern Russia: a traditional breadwinner model, an active fatherhood model as well as what we refer to as a marginalized fatherhood model. The latter has not been substantially identified in previous research, and may tentatively be identified as a legacy of the Soviet era.

scholarly journals Why do we have to use new low flux dialysis machine for daily home dialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Hafedh Fessi
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ultrafiltration Rate ◽  
Dialysis Dose ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
Session Management ◽  
The Us

After a decline at the end of 90’s, Home Hemodialysis recently found a second breath. This renewal doesn’t only concern France, but also the US and Western Europe (GB, Italy and Spain).Several studies confirm that low flux dialysat machines deliver adequate dialysis dose, based on high dialysat saturation and low daily ultrafiltration rate. Frequent sessions avoid long interdialytic interval. They also are easy to use, allow easier session management with more flexibility and mobility.Daily hemodialysis with low dialysat flux responds to new goals: improving quality of life reaching better cardiovascular parameters and reduce recovery time post dialysis.Better patient adhesion to the treatment with low flux dialysat machines allows a decrease in barriers to home memodialysis development.It gives a good opportunity today to improve dialysis quality. The role of patient care partner is determinant

scholarly journals Eligibility Criteria for the Upper Middle Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilutė Taljūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Upper Middle Class

Each country has its own criteria for the upper middle class. On the other hand, it is clear that even the general principles that define the middle class in different countries differ markedly between them. The US and British criteria are often compared. The role of the family as an element of social stratification is important in the British upper middle class model. The article advocates the influence of family stratification on the formation of the upper (and not only) middle class in Lithuania. Not only does the upper middle class have self-employment, its income is above average and it has higher education, it also influences, identifies trends and fundamentally shapes public opinion (an aspect of its ‘social role’). The broad upper middle class is not so much a guarantor of the welfare state but of social stability in the country.

scholarly journals President Trump’s Declarations on Official Development Assistance: A Change of Policy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Michał Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Development Assistance ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Donald Trump

For years official development assistance (ODA) has been one of the most important forms of financial assistance provided to developing countries by highly developed countries. Despite the controversy over the effectiveness of assistance, it has become a permanent element of the international aid system. With the election of Donald Trump and one of the key slogans of his campaign – America first – the political climate around official development assistance is changing. The aim of the article is to analyze the role of official development assistance in political declarations of the current president of the United States.

The Violence of Inequality: Race and Lobbying in the Politics of Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
Sappho Xenakis ◽  
Leonidas K. Cheliotis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Us

There is no shortage of scholarly and other research on the reciprocal relationship that inequality bears to crime, victimisation and contact with the criminal justice system, both in the specific United States context and beyond. Often, however, inequality has been studied in conjunction with only one of the three phenomena at issue, despite the intersections that arguably obtain between them–and, indeed, between their respective connections with inequality itself. There are, moreover, forms of inequality that have received far less attention in pertinent research than their prevalence and broader significance would appear to merit. The purpose of this chapter is dual: first, to identify ways in which inequality’s linkages to crime, victimisation and criminal justice may relate to one another; and second, to highlight the need for a greater focus than has been placed heretofore on the role of institutionalised inequality of access to the political process, particularly as this works to bias criminal justice policy-making towards the preferences of financially motivated state lobbying groups at the expense of disadvantaged racial minorities. In so doing, the chapter singles out for analysis the US case and, more specifically, engages with key extant explanations of the staggering rise in the use of imprisonment in the country since the 1970s.

Families and pain

2013 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Birnie ◽  
Katelynn E. Boerner ◽  
Christine T. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pain Experiences

The family has long been acknowledged as an important social context where children learn about and receive support for their pain. When a child is in pain, it is the family who is responsible for the initial pain assessment and seeking appropriate evaluation and care. Families may inadvertently encourage the expression of pain and play a critical role in influencing their children’s ability to cope with pain, both positively and negatively. Having a child in pain can also pose significant personal, familial, and economic strains. Therefore, consideration of the family is absolutely critical in the understanding of factors involved in children’s acute and chronic pain experiences (McGrath, 2008). A concentration of research has continued since the last comprehensive review on the topic was published (Chambers, 2003). This chapter considers relevant theoretical models and summarizes current major research themes regarding the role of the family in both acute and chronic paediatric pain. Two illustrative case examples are provided and key areas for future research are identified.

Domestic service and social modernization in urban Galicia, 1752–1920

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISIDRO DUBERT
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Modernization ◽  
Marriage Formation

Since the late 1980s historians of the family have been interested in the socio-demographic analysis of the role of domestic service in European societies during the Ancien Régime. These scholars have been concerned with the consequences of life-cycle service since it appeared that a significant proportion of Europe's inhabitants were in service at some point in their lives. This proportion was highest in countries of Northwestern Europe, such as England, where between 10 and 12 per cent of the population worked as servants, usually while young, moving readily from one household to another. This process began at an early age, around adolescence, and tended to end with a change in occupation, generally just before entering into marriage, in other words, prior to forming a separate family unit. By relating the mobility of servants to the specific characteristics of the marriage-formation model, historians have been able to highlight the contribution of domestic service to social and familial reproduction. Encouraged by their results, the next step for social historians was to elaborate an explanatory model of this system of family reproduction. Although the model offered was derived from the behaviour of a concrete social and demographic structure which was basically Northern European, it was nonetheless presented as the principal model for all of Western Europe.

Television's Role in Family Interaction

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE F. GOODMAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Systems ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Television Use ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this article is to argue that exploring the role of television in family life is not solely a matter of studying its effects on family members; it also involves looking at TV as a phenomenon that serves a whole range of social purposes the study of which can shed light on general family functioning. In this review, existing theoretical models and research are discussed in order to show why a new model—family systems—is being proposed. The application of the family systems model to the arena of television use in the family is one that has not been previously explored. Emphasis will be placed on two family systems principles that are important in the study of the family's use of and interaction around television. Current measurement techniques will be examined to illustrate that a new approach, reflecting interaction and process, is needed. Components of a family systems model—structure, development, and adaptation—are adapted in order to discuss TV's function in the family. Suggestions for future research and implications for therapy are offered.

scholarly journals Roma Expulsions and Discrimination: The Elephant in Brussels

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen O’Nions
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article will critically examine the treatment of migrant Roma in Western Europe, particularly Italy and France, in the light of the obligations under the EU Citizenship Directive 2004/38. The role of the political institutions will be considered, especially the European Commission, who have yet to take a decisive position on the Roma expulsions and on the wider issue of Roma discrimination in Europe. It is argued that the focus on non-discrimination cannot address the entrenched inequality which characterises the Roma’s situation in Europe. Furthermore, that the comparative disadvantage experienced by Europe’s Roma communities constitutes a major human rights crisis which has so far been sidelined by Brussels. A European strategy is urgently required, which demands leadership from the Commission and the full participation of Roma representatives.

scholarly journals The Political Role of Women in the City of Santri, Situbondo (Overview of Political Communication)

2019 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Nur Ainiyah
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The City

This study aims to show how the role of women's political communication in the city of santri (a student in Islamic boarding school) in facing political power that is dominated by men in Situbondo. It becomes a development in women's political communication in a practical and scientific manner. The reality of the political climate in Situbondo is inseparable from the influence of the kyai as religious and cultural figures, so each of his political perceptions and views certainly has its own perspective and far from gender justice. Consequently, this affects the political space for female santri in Situbondo. In this research, building theoretical interconnections from building theoretical frameworks used such as political communication, gender analysis and phenomenology, related to the focus of research. With a qualitative-explorative research approach, several steps in the procedure of collecting observational data, interviews and documentation are applied consistently and continuously. The results of the research are firstly Santri woman has a political outlook with the benefit of minimizing conflict; secondly cultural barriers as a medium of political communication are effectively overcome by female santri. Besides, female santri tend to override political choices by preferring the political choices of the figures they envision for benefit purposes.

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