Does Population Longevity Attract Foreign Direct Investments in Developing Countries?

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092091536
Author(s):  
Ayona Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Current Context

In a seminal paper, Alsan et al. (2006 , World Development, vol. 34, pp. 613–630) investigate the effect of population health on gross foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to the developing countries. The purpose of this article is to extend their work by exploring the causal effect of population longevity on attracting FDI flows to the middle-income countries over a longer and more recent period, while addressing endogeneity concerns through a novel instrumental variable (IV). The IV is constructed on the hypothesis of cross-country health convergence and generates plausibly exogenous variations in measures of longevity. Our IV estimates suggest that 1-year increase in a measure of longevity is likely to increase annual FDI inflows by at least 3 per cent in the sample of countries considered. Specifically, significant returns appear to emerge from increases in the longevity of the female population. In the current context of resurgence of FDI as a critical source of financial capital to the developing countries and the prevalence of frequent disease outbreaks, these results suggest that good health is not an end but a means to enable countries better integrate with the global markets.

scholarly journals Do Governance, Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Matter to Bolster Trade Liberalization? Fresh Insight from Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the impact of governance, foreign direct investment and human capital on trade liberalization in developing countries (lower income, middle income and upper middle income). The study employed fixed effect for the period of 2000 to 2019. Results show governance, foreign direct investment and human capital are highly significant with trade liberalization in the case of lower-income countries. In the case of middle-income countries, empirical findings demonstrate governance and foreign direct investment are highly significant with a negative sign, while human capital has positive on trade liberalization. In the case of upper-middle-income countries, results show human capital and foreign direct investment affect positively, while governance has a negative effect on trade liberalization. On the behalf of results it is suggested that in the countries where human capital is high, most of the inflows of foreign direct investment happen. It means that the government can develop human resources to attract more foreign direct investments. The governments of developing countries should also concentrate on education, including training facilities and other quality educational facilities for human skill development.

scholarly journals Global neurosurgery, Bangladesh and COVID-19 era

2020 ◽  
pp. 574-576
Author(s):  
Robert Ahmed Khan ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas ◽  
Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Service ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
To Come

Background. COVID-19 has become an alarming pandemic for our earth. It has created panic not only in China but also in developing countries like Bangladesh. Bangladesh has adequate confinements to constrain the spread of the infection and in this circumstance, overall healthcare workers including neurosurgeons are confronting a ton of difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to depict the proficiency of Global neurosurgery in this COVID-19 time. Method. Global neurosurgery offers the chance of fusing the best proof-based guidelines of care. This paper demonstrated that, in low to middle-income countries, Global medical procedure has been received to address the issues of residents who lack critical surgical care. Results. Inappropriate and insufficient asset allotment has been a significant obstacle for the health system for decently giving security to the patients. The fundamental training process has been genuinely hampered in the current circumstance. Worldwide health activities have set to an alternate centre and Global neurosurgery as an assurance is slowed down. Conclusion. This paper recommended that Global neurosurgical activities need to come forward and increase the workforce to emphasize surgical service.

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

Knowledge Sharing for Healthcare and Medicine in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 1276-1293
Author(s):  
Kgomotso H. Moahi ◽  
Kelvin J. Bwalya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Knowledge sharing has always been used as a platform for cross-pollination of ideas and innovations in a bid to improve and enhance performance thereby increasing competitiveness and responsiveness both in organizations and individual levels. Healthcare systems are not an exception. However, for knowledge sharing to take place there is need for certain factors to be noted and addressed such as the individual, organizational and technological. Further, knowledge sharing goes hand in hand with knowledge management and must become part of the strategic fabric of organizations. This chapter focuses on knowledge sharing by health professionals in healthcare and medicine in developing countries. The chapter covers knowledge management and its link with knowledge sharing; the various methods of knowledge sharing in healthcare; factors that make knowledge sharing an important strategic move for healthcare organizations; and factors and issues that affect or determine knowledge sharing behavior. Finally, a literature search for examples of knowledge sharing in developing or low and middle-income countries was conducted and the results are presented. The chapter shows that developing countries have recognized the value of knowledge sharing in healthcare systems and there are tangible signs that this is going to shape cross-pollination of ideas and innovations in the health systems in the foreseeable future.

Knowledge Sharing for Healthcare and Medicine in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 60-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kgomotso Hildegard Moahi ◽  
Kelvin J. Bwalya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Knowledge sharing has always been used as a platform for cross-pollination of ideas and innovations in a bid to improve and enhance performance thereby increasing competitiveness and responsiveness both in organizations and individual levels. Healthcare systems are not an exception. However, for knowledge sharing to take place there is need for certain factors to be noted and addressed such as the individual, organizational and technological. Further, knowledge sharing goes hand in hand with knowledge management and must become part of the strategic fabric of organizations. This chapter focuses on knowledge sharing by health professionals in healthcare and medicine in developing countries. The chapter covers knowledge management and its link with knowledge sharing; the various methods of knowledge sharing in healthcare; factors that make knowledge sharing an important strategic move for healthcare organizations; and factors and issues that affect or determine knowledge sharing behavior. Finally, a literature search for examples of knowledge sharing in developing or low and middle-income countries was conducted and the results are presented. The chapter shows that developing countries have recognized the value of knowledge sharing in healthcare systems and there are tangible signs that this is going to shape cross-pollination of ideas and innovations in the health systems in the foreseeable future.

The Evolution of the Digital Divide across Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
pp. 1554-1570
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Corrocher ◽  
Anna Raineri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emerging Patterns

This chapter aims at investigating the evolution of the digital divide within a set of developing countries between the years 2000 and 2005. In doing so, it moves away from the traditional analysis of the digital divide, which compares developed countries and developing countries, and examines the existing gap within a relatively homogeneous group of countries. On the basis of the theoretical and empirical contributions from scholars in different disciplines, we select a series of socioeconomic and technological indicators and provide an empirical assessment of the digitalization patterns in a set of 51 low income and lower-middle income countries. By means of cluster analysis techniques, we identify three emerging patterns of the digital divide and derive a series of policy implications, related to the implementation of an effective strategy to reduce digital backwardness. The characteristics of each pattern of digitalization can be also usefully employed to understand whether past interventions, especially in the area of competition policy, have been successful in addressing country-specific issues.

scholarly journals Establishing Global School Feeding Program Targets: How Many Poor Children Globally Should Be Prioritized, and What Would Be the Cost of Implementation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley J. Drake ◽  
Nail Lazrak ◽  
Meena Fernandes ◽  
Kim Chu ◽  
Samrat Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
School Health ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Feeding

The creation of Human Capital is dependent upon good health and education throughout the first 8,000 days of life, but there is currently under-investment in health and nutrition after the first 1,000 days. Working with governments and partners, the UN World Food Program is leading a global scale up of investment in school health, and has undertaken a strategic analysis to explore the scale and cost of meeting the needs of the most disadvantaged school age children and adolescents in low and middle-income countries globally. Of the 663 million school children enrolled in school, 328 million live where the current coverage of school meals is inadequate (<80%), of these, 251 million live in countries where there are significant nutrition deficits (>20% anemia and stunting), and of these an estimated 73 million children in 60 countries are also living in extreme poverty (<USD 1.97 per day). 62.7 million of these children are in Africa, and more than 66% live in low income countries, with a substantial minority in pockets of poverty in middle-income countries. The estimated overall financial requirement for school feeding is USD 4.7 billion, increasing to USD 5.8 billion annually if other essential school health interventions are included in the package. The DCP3 (Vol 8) school feeding edition and the global coverage numbers were launched in Tunis, 2018 by the WFP Executive Director, David Beasley. These estimates continue to inform the development of WFP's global strategy for school feeding.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health among Armenian Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4055
Author(s):  
Armen A. Torchyan ◽  
Hans Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Nationally Representative

We aimed to study the hypothesis of socioeconomic equalization in health among Armenian adolescents participating in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2013/14 survey. Classes corresponding to the ages 11, 13, and 15 were selected using a clustered sampling design. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used. In a nationally representative sample of 3679 students, adolescents with a low family socioeconomic position (SEP) had greater odds of reporting less than good health (odds ratio (OR) = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.25–3.51), low psychosocial well-being (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.44–2.61), or psychosomatic symptoms (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07–1.56). Low levels of material well-being were associated with a higher likelihood of reporting less than good health (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.06–1.65) or low psychosocial well-being (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.04–1.54). The presence of both risk factors had a synergistic effect on having low psychosocial well-being (P-interaction = 0.031). Refuting the equalization hypothesis, our results indicate that low SEP might be strongly related to adolescent health in middle-income countries such as Armenia. Low material well-being also proved important, and, for further research, we hypothesized an association via decreased peer social status and compromised popularity.

scholarly journals Scoping review of acute stroke care management and rehabilitation in low and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Lameck Chimatiro ◽  
Anthea J. Rhoda
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Processes ◽  
Care Structure ◽  
Care Outcomes ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Stroke is a major public health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. Care of the condition however, remain inconsistent in developing countries. The purpose of this scoping review was to document evidence of stroke care and service delivery in low and middle-income countries to better inform development of a context-fit stroke model of care. Methods An interpretative scoping literature review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage-process was executed. The following databases searched for literature published between 2010 and 2017; Cochrane Library, Credo Reference, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Science Direct, BioMed Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINNAHL), Academic Search Complete, and Google Scholar. Single combined search terms included acute stroke, stroke care, stroke rehabilitation, developing countries, low and middle-income countries. Results A total of 177 references were identified. Twenty of them, published between 2010 and 2017, were included in the review. Applying the Donebedian Model of quality of care, seven dimensions of stroke-care structure, six dimensions of stroke care processes, and six dimensions of stroke care outcomes were identified. Structure of stroke care included availability of a stroke unit, an accident and emergency department, a multidisciplinary team, stroke specialists, neuroimaging, medication, and health care policies. Stroke care processes that emerged were assessment and diagnosis, referrals, intravenous thrombolysis, rehabilitation, and primary and secondary prevention strategies. Stroke-care outcomes included quality of stroke-care practice, functional independence level, length of stay, mortality, living at home, and institutionalization. Conclusions There is lack of uniformity in the way stroke care is advanced in low and middle-income countries. This is reflected in the unsatisfactory stroke care structure, processes, and outcomes. There is a need for stroke care settings to adopt quality improvement strategies. Health ministry and governments need to decisively face stroke burden by setting policies that advance improved care of patients with stroke. Stroke Units and Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA) administration could be considered as both a structural and process necessity towards improvement of outcomes of patients with stroke in the LMICs.

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