scholarly journals Comparing test methods for moisture-vapor transmission rate (MVTR) for vascular access transparent semipermeable dressings

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110504
Author(s):  
Paul Bainbridge ◽  
Paul Browning ◽  
Stéphanie F Bernatchez ◽  
Casey Blaser ◽  
Guido Hitschmann
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Transparent Film ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
Moisture Vapor ◽  
Insertion Sites

Background: Catheter insertion sites are commonly covered by transparent film dressings, offering protection of the insertion site from external contaminants and securement of the catheter while allowing site observation through a clear window. Currently, there is considerable focus on creating IV film dressings with ever-increasing moisture vapor transmission rates (MVTR) to prevent the accumulation of moisture under the film and reduce the risk of infection. These increasingly high MVTR IV dressings are often promoted as superior to IV dressings with lesser MVTR values. Methods: Since there are different methods to determine MVTR, we chose to test a series of commercially available dressings with two standard methods to compare the results and better understand the information provided by this measurement. We used European Standard EN 13726 to test the MVTR of seven different IV dressings with two different methods (upright and inverted). Results: We measured a range of MVTR values from 773 to 2838 g/m2/day for the upright method and from 845 to 30,530 g/m2/day for the inverted method for the seven IV dressings tested. Three dressings showed statistically different MVTR values with the two test methods. Conclusions: The MVTR test method (upright or inverted) used and considered for IV dressing product selection matters because the results obtained can be very different. We suggest that the upright method is better suited for IV dressings because they are not in constant contact with fluid. We conclude that the inverted method alone is not adequate to compare IV dressings.

Effect of Test Methods on Apparent Moisture Vapour Transmission of P/V and P/C Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Subhasis Das ◽  
V. K. Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Vapour Transport ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Water Vapour Transport ◽  
Moisture Vapour

The moisture vapour permeability properties of a series of almost similar polyesterviscose (P/V) and polyester-cotton (P/C) blended fabrics are investigated. The water vapour transport rate greatly differs depending on the principle of the test methods, even when other parameters are nearly identical, such as air permeability, areal density, porosity and thickness. The water absorption characteristics of fibre seem to be the most important in determining the overall water vapour transport rate. Substitution of polyester for viscose and cotton in P/V and P/C blended fabrics respectively, reduces the water transport rate of the fabrics in a long term method. It is found that the P/C blended fabrics show greater water vapour transport than the corresponding P/V fabrics when a long term test method is used; however, the P/V fabrics show relatively higher water vapour permeability than the P/C fabrics when short duration tests are carried out by using the Permetest and moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR) cell methods

An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
CORY JAY WILSON ◽  
BENJAMIN FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corrugated Fiberboard

TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Parameters Identification and Dynamic Model Validation of Interior-Mount Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman S. Maraaba ◽  
Zakariya M. Al-Hamouz ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Milhem ◽  
Ssennoga Twaha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Synchronous Motors

The application of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs) is rapidly spreading due to their advantages of high efficiency, high operational power factor, being self-starting, rendering them as highly needed in many applications in recent years. Although there have been standard methods for the identification of parameters of synchronous and induction machines, most of them do not apply to LSPMSMs. This paper presents a study and analysis of different parameter identification methods for interior mount LSPMSM. Experimental tests have been performed in the laboratory on a 1-hp interior mount LSPMSM. The measurements have been validated by investigating the performance of the machine under different operating conditions using a developed qd0 mathematical model and an experimental setup. The dynamic and steady-state performance analyses have been performed using the determined parameters. It is found that the experimental results are close to the mathematical model results, confirming the accuracy of the studied test methods. Therefore, the output of this study will help in selecting the proper test method for LSPMSM.

scholarly journals Concept and Realization of a Novel Test Method Using a Dynamic Test Stand for Detecting Persons by Sensor Systems on Autonomous Agricultural Robotics

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2315
Author(s):  
Christian Meltebrink ◽  
Tom Ströer ◽  
Benjamin Wegmann ◽  
Cornelia Weltzien ◽  
Arno Ruckelshausen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Agricultural Robots ◽  
Agricultural Robotics

As an essential part for the development of autonomous agricultural robotics, the functional safety of autonomous agricultural machines is largely based on the functionality and robustness of non-contact sensor systems for human protection. This article presents a new step in the development of autonomous agricultural machine with a concept and the realization of a novel test method using a dynamic test stand on an agricultural farm in outdoor areas. With this test method, commercially available sensor systems are tested in a long-term test around the clock for 365 days a year and 24 h a day on a dynamic test stand in continuous outdoor use. A test over a longer period of time is needed to test as much as possible all occurring environmental conditions. This test is determined by the naturally occurring environmental conditions. This fact corresponds to the reality of unpredictable/determinable environmental conditions in the field and makes the test method and test stand so unique. The focus of the developed test methods is on creating own real environment detection areas (REDAs) for each sensor system, which can be used to compare and evaluate the autonomous human detection of the sensor systems for the functional safety of autonomous agricultural robots with a humanoid test target. Sensor manufacturers from industry and the automotive sector provide their sensor systems to have their sensors tested in cooperation with the TÜV.

Research the Test Method of the Voltage Transformer Secondary Load in the Three-Phase Three-Wire Electric Energy Metering Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3110-3115
Author(s):  
Gu Li ◽  
Zi Ming Fu ◽  
Jie Feng Yan ◽  
Bing Wen Li ◽  
Zhi Rong Cen
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Secondary Load ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Definition Of

This paper analyzes and studies the definition of the voltage transformer secondary load, examines the practical purposes of the measured values of the voltage transformer secondary load, and presents a variety of testing methods to analyze and compare the differences. This paper gives the test methods of the voltage transformer secondary load when the connection of the voltage transformer is the Y / Y in a three-phase three-wire power supply system, filling the blank of this type of test method in the industry. When other units within the industry carry out such work, the conclusions of this paper are available for reference, and the conclusions of this paper can be referred when drafting relevant regulations in the future.

scholarly journals Tn5406, a New Staphylococcal Transposon Conferring Resistance to Streptogramin A and Related Compounds Including Dalfopristin

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2337-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Haroche ◽  
Jeanine Allignet ◽  
Névine El Solh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Acid Identity ◽  
Abc Protein ◽  
Single Plasmid ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Related Compounds

ABSTRACT We characterized a new transposon, Tn5406 (5,467 bp), in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (BM3327). It carries a variant of vgaA, which encodes a putative ABC protein conferring resistance to streptogramin A but not to mixtures of streptogramins A and B. It also carries three putative genes, the products of which exhibit significant similarities (61 to 73% amino acid identity) to the three transposases of the staphylococcal transposon Tn554. Like Tn554, Tn5406 failed to generate target repeats. In BM3327, the single copy of Tn5406 was inserted into the chromosomal att554 site, which is the preferential insertion site of Tn554. In three other independent S. aureus clinical isolates, Tn5406 was either present as a single plasmid copy (BM3318), as two chromosomal copies (BM3252), or both in the chromosome and on a plasmid (BM3385). The Tn5406-carrying plasmids also contain two other genes, vgaB and vatB. The insertion sites of Tn5406 in BM3252 were studied: one copy was in att554, and one copy was in the additional SCCmec element. Amplification experiments revealed circular forms of Tn5406, indicating that this transposon might be active. To our knowledge, a transposon conferring resistance to streptogramin A and related compounds has not been previously described.

Analysis of the Test Method of Quartz Glass Optical Homogeneity

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Bo Fu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zhu Feng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Glass ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Optical Homogeneity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Interference Measurement ◽  
Optical Quartz Glass

The optical quartz glass is widely applied in optical system , photo communications，inertial navigation，etc.It must have high optical homogeneity. Optical homogeneity of the optical quartz glass directly affects the wavefront quality of the optical transmission system, and changes the wavefront aberration of the system. How to accurately determine the optical homogeneity of the quartz glass is especially important. Currently，the method of test for optical homogeneity mainly used by interference principle. This paper analyzes various existing interference measurement method and test equipment. Summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various test methods，using range and measurement accuracy.

DIscrepancy of Gear Tooth Allowable Bending Stress Using the Extreme Value Distribution From Different Test Methods

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chienann A. Hou ◽  
Shijun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Abstract The allowable bending stress Se of a gear tooth is one of the basic factors in gear design. It can be determined by either the pulsating test or the gear-running test. However, some differences exist between the allowable bending stress Se obtained from these different test methods. In this paper, the probability distribution functions corresponding to each test method are analyzed and the expressions for the minimum extreme value distribution are presented. By using numerical integration, Se values from the population of the same tested gear tooth are obtained. Based on this investigation it is shown that the differences in Se obtained from the different test methods are significant. A proposed correction factor associated with the different experimental approaches is also presented.

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